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Selvamani V, Kadian S, Detwiler DA, Zareei A, Woodhouse I, Qi Z, Peana S, Alcaraz AM, Wang H, Rahimi R. Laser-Assisted Nanotexturing and Silver Immobilization on Titanium Implant Surfaces to Enhance Bone Cell Mineralization and Antimicrobial Properties. Langmuir 2022; 38:4014-4027. [PMID: 35312330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great advancement and wide use of titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys in different orthopedic implants, device-related infections remain the major complication in modern orthopedic and trauma surgery. Most of these infections are often caused by both poor antibacterial and osteoinductive properties of the implant surface. Here, we have demonstrated a facile two-step laser nanotexturing and immobilization of silver onto the titanium implants to improve both cellular integration and antibacterial properties of Ti surfaces. The required threshold laser processing power for effective nanotexturing and osseointegration was systematically determined by the level of osteoblast cells mineralized on the laser nanotextured Ti (LN-Ti) surfaces using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG, wavelength of 1.06 μm). Laser processing powers above 24 W resulted in the formation of hierarchical nanoporous structures (average pore 190 nm) on the Ti surface with a 2.5-fold increase in osseointegration as compared to the pristine Ti surface. Immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto the LN-Ti surface was conducted by dip coating in an aqueous silver ionic solution and subsequently converted to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a low power laser-assisted photocatalytic reduction process. Structural and surface morphology analysis via XRD and SEM revealed a uniform distribution of Ag and the formation of an AgTi-alloy interface on the Ti surface. The antibacterial efficacy of the LN-Ti with laser immobilized silver (LN-Ti/LI-Ag) was tested against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The LN-Ti/LI-Ag surface was observed to have efficient and stable antimicrobial properties for over 6 days. In addition, it was found that the LN-Ti/LI-Ag maintained a cytocompatibility and bone cell mineralization property similar to the LN-Ti surface. The differential toxicity of the LN-Ti/LI-Ag between bacterial and cellular species qualifies this approach as a promising candidate for novel rapid surface modification of biomedical metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Selvamani
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
| | | | - Amin Zareei
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
| | - Ian Woodhouse
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
| | - Zhimin Qi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Samuel Peana
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alejandro M Alcaraz
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2050, United States
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Kasi V, Sedaghat S, Alcaraz AM, Maruthamuthu MK, Heredia-Rivera U, Nejati S, Nguyen J, Rahimi R. Low-Cost Flexible Glass-Based pH Sensor via Cold Atmospheric Plasma Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9697-9710. [PMID: 35142483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many commercially available pH sensors are fabricated with a glass membrane as the sensing component because of several advantages of glass-based electrodes such as versatility, high accuracy, and excellent stability in various conditions. However, because of their bulkiness and poor mechanical properties, conventional glass-based sensors are not ideal for wearable or flexible applications. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of a flexible glass-based pH sensor suitable for biomedical and environmental applications where flexibility and stability of the sensor are critical for long-term and real-time monitoring. The sensor was fabricated via a simple and facile approach using the cold atmospheric plasma technique in which a pH sensitive silica coating was deposited from a siloxane precursor onto a carbon electrode. In order to increase the sensitivity and stability of the sensor, we employed a postprocessing step which involves annealing of the silica coated electrode at elevated temperatures. This process was optimized to ensure that the crucial properties such as porosity and hydration functionality were balanced to obtain the best and most reliable sensitivity of the sensor. Our sensitivity test results indicated that these sensors exhibit excellent and stable sensitivity with a slope of about 48 mV/pH (r2 = 0.998) and selectivity across a pH range of 4 to 10 in the presence of various cations. The optimized sensor has shown stable sensitivity for a long period of time (30 h of immersion) and in different bending conditions. We demonstrate in this investigation that this flexible cost-effective pH sensor can withstand the sterilization process resulting from ultraviolet radiation and shows repeatable sensitivity with less than ±5 mV potential drift from the sensitivity values of the standard optimized sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Kasi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alejandro M Alcaraz
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ulisses Heredia-Rivera
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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