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Zareei A, Kasi V, Thornton A, Rivera UH, Sawale M, Maruthamuthu MK, He Z, Nguyen J, Wang H, Mishra DK, Rahimi R. Non-destructive processing of silver containing glass ceramic antibacterial coating on polymeric surgical mesh surfaces. Nanoscale 2023; 15:11209-11221. [PMID: 37345366 PMCID: PMC10552273 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Surgical meshes composed of bioinert polymers such as polypropylene are widely used in millions of hernia repair procedures to prevent the recurrence of organ protrusion from the damaged abdominal wall. However, post-operative mesh infection remains a significant complication, elevating hernia recurrence risks from 3.6% to 10%, depending on the procedure type. While attempts have been made to mitigate these infection-related complications by using antibiotic coatings, the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains threatens their effectiveness. Bioactive glass-ceramics featuring noble metals, notably silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have recently gained traction for their wide antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Yet, conventional methods of synthesizing and coating of such materials often require high temperatures, thus making them impractical to be implemented on temperature-sensitive polymeric substrates. To circumvent this challenge, a unique approach has been explored to deposit these functional compounds onto temperature-sensitive polypropylene mesh (PP-M) surfaces. This approach is based on the recent advancements in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) assisted deposition of SiO2 thin films and laser surface treatment (LST), enabling the selective heating and formation of functional glass-ceramic compounds under atmospheric conditions. A systematic study was conducted to identify optimal LST conditions that resulted in the effective formation of a bioactive glass-ceramic structure without significantly altering the chemical and mechanical properties of the underlying PP-M (less than 1% change compared to the original properties). The developed coating with optimized processing conditions demonstrated high biocompatibility and persistent antibacterial properties (>7 days) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The developed process is expected to provide a new stepping stone towards depositing a wide range of functional bioceramic coatings onto different implant surfaces, thereby decreasing their risk of infection and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zareei
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Canter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Venkat Kasi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Canter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Allison Thornton
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Canter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ulisses Heredia Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Canter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Manoj Sawale
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zihao He
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dharmendra K Mishra
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Canter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Heredia-Rivera U, Kasi V, Krishnakumar A, Kadian S, Barui AK, He Z, Wang H, Stanciu L, Rahimi R. Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Assisted Direct Deposition of Polypyrrole-Ag Nanocomposites for Flexible Electronic Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17078-17090. [PMID: 36961226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers and their composite materials have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in sensors, actuators, drug delivery systems, and energy storage devices. Despite their wide range of applications, many challenges remain primarily with respect to the complex synthesis and time-consuming manufacturing steps that are often required in the fabrication process of various devices with conductive polymers. Here, we demonstrate the novel use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-assisted deposition technologies as a solvent-free and scalable approach for in situ polymerization and direct deposition of conductive polypyrrole-silver (PPy-Ag) nanocomposites onto the desired substrates under atmospheric conditions. In this study, a systematic approach with different precursor composition mixtures containing pyrrole as the monomer and AgNO3 as the photoinitiator was investigated to assess the effect of precursor composition on the final chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the PPy-Ag nanocomposite thin-film coatings which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic bending tests. The characterizations indicated the possibility of fabricating PPy-Ag nanocomposite films with tunable degrees of polymerization and Ag nanoparticle loading by simply varying the percentage of AgNO3 in precursor composition mixtures. Finally, as a proof of concept, the potential use of the PPy-Ag nanocomposite films with different Ag nanoparticle loading percentages was assessed for humidity sensing by measuring their level of change in electrical resistance in the relative humidity range of 12-60%. It is envisioned that the developed CAP-assisted deposition technology can provide a new stepping stone toward scalable additive manufacturing of various functional nanocomposite films for different low-cost and flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisses Heredia-Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Venkat Kasi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Akshay Krishnakumar
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Barui
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zihao He
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lia Stanciu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Nejati S, Wang J, Sedaghat S, Balog NK, Long AM, Rivera UH, Kasi V, Park K, Johnson JS, Verma MS, Rahimi R. Smart capsule for targeted proximal colon microbiome sampling. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:83-96. [PMID: 36162763 PMCID: PMC9986838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly the colon region, holds a highly diverse microbial community that plays an important role in the metabolism, physiology, nutrition, and immune function of the host body. Accumulating evidence has revealed that alteration in these microbial communities is the pivotal step in developing various metabolic diseases, including obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding of the interrelationship between microbiota and diet as well as the effectiveness of chemoprevention strategies, including pre and probiotic agents in modifying the colonic microbiota and preventing digestive diseases. Existing methods for assessing these microbiota-diet interactions are often based on samples collected from the feces or endoscopy techniques which are incapable of providing information on spatial variations of the gut microbiota or are considered invasive procedures. To address this need, here we have developed an electronic-free smart capsule that enables site-specific sampling of the gut microbiome within the proximal colon region of the GI tract. The 3D printed device houses a superabsorbent hydrogel bonded onto a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) disk that serves as a milieu to collect the fluid in the gut lumen and its microbiome by rapid swelling and providing the necessary mechanical actuation to close the capsule after the sampling is completed. The targeted colonic sampling is achieved by coating the sampling aperture on the capsule with a double-layer pH-sensitive enteric coating, which delays fluid in the lumen from entering the capsule until it reaches the proximal colon of the GI tract. To identify the appropriate pH-responsive double-layer coating and processing condition, a series of systematic dissolution characterizations in different pH conditions that mimicked the GI tract was conducted. The effective targeted microbial sampling performance and preservation of the smart capsule with the optimized design were validated using both realistic in vitro GI tract models with mixed bacteria cultures and in vivo with pigs as an animal model. The results from 16s rRNA and WideSeq analysis in both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the bacterial population sampled within the retrieved capsule closely matched the bacterial population within the targeted sampling region (proximal colon). Herein, it is envisioned that such smart sampling capsule technology will provide new avenues for gastroenterological research and clinical applications, including diet-host-microbiome relationships, focused on human GI function and health. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The colonic microbiota plays a major role in the etiology of numerous diseases. Extensive efforts have been conducted to monitor the gut microbiome using sequencing technologies based on samples collected from feces or mucosal biopsies that are typically obtained by colonoscopy. Despite the simplicity of fecal sampling procedures, they are incapable of preserving spatial and temporal information about the bacteria through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In contrast, colonoscopy is an invasive and impractical approach to frequently assess the effect of dietary and therapeutic intake on the microbiome and their impact on the health of the patient. Here, we developed a non-invasive capsule that enables targeted sampling from the ascending colon, thereby providing crucial information for disease prediction and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nejati
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Jiangshan Wang
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nicole K Balog
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Amanda M Long
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ulisses Heredia Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Venkat Kasi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Kinam Park
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mohit S Verma
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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Kasi V, Sedaghat S, Alcaraz AM, Maruthamuthu MK, Heredia-Rivera U, Nejati S, Nguyen J, Rahimi R. Low-Cost Flexible Glass-Based pH Sensor via Cold Atmospheric Plasma Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9697-9710. [PMID: 35142483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many commercially available pH sensors are fabricated with a glass membrane as the sensing component because of several advantages of glass-based electrodes such as versatility, high accuracy, and excellent stability in various conditions. However, because of their bulkiness and poor mechanical properties, conventional glass-based sensors are not ideal for wearable or flexible applications. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of a flexible glass-based pH sensor suitable for biomedical and environmental applications where flexibility and stability of the sensor are critical for long-term and real-time monitoring. The sensor was fabricated via a simple and facile approach using the cold atmospheric plasma technique in which a pH sensitive silica coating was deposited from a siloxane precursor onto a carbon electrode. In order to increase the sensitivity and stability of the sensor, we employed a postprocessing step which involves annealing of the silica coated electrode at elevated temperatures. This process was optimized to ensure that the crucial properties such as porosity and hydration functionality were balanced to obtain the best and most reliable sensitivity of the sensor. Our sensitivity test results indicated that these sensors exhibit excellent and stable sensitivity with a slope of about 48 mV/pH (r2 = 0.998) and selectivity across a pH range of 4 to 10 in the presence of various cations. The optimized sensor has shown stable sensitivity for a long period of time (30 h of immersion) and in different bending conditions. We demonstrate in this investigation that this flexible cost-effective pH sensor can withstand the sterilization process resulting from ultraviolet radiation and shows repeatable sensitivity with less than ±5 mV potential drift from the sensitivity values of the standard optimized sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Kasi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alejandro M Alcaraz
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ulisses Heredia-Rivera
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Abstract
Photocopier machines are inevitable office equipment, but they are also sources of air pollution. Millions of people across the world are involved in the operation and maintenance of photocopiers. We aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of exposure to photocopiers in photocopier operators and maintenance personnel by Comet assay. This study involved 50 photocopier operators, 61 maintenance personnel and 52 controls. Both the photocopier exposed groups exhibited significantly increased DNA damage when compared to controls. Cumulative exposure to photocopiers was the most significant contributor for genotoxicity ( p < 0.001). Genotoxicity among photocopier maintenance personnel may be due to the presence of carbon black, iron, silicon, magnetite and the high levels of other elements in the photocopier toners. Genotoxicity among photocopier operators might be due to exposure to high levels of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds emitted by photocopiers during operation. Research is essential to improve toner manufacturing processes and chemical composition of toners to reduce genotoxicity. Clean technologies are the need of the day to cut down on particulate matter and volatile organic compound emissions from photocopiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Anuppanadi, Madurai 625009, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Elango
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N. G. P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Ananth
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Vembhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - JG Poornima
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Goranović T, Milan Z, Martinac M, Kasi V. Barotrauma during apnea testing for the diagnosis of brainstem death. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81:818. [PMID: 25800710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Goranović
- Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia -
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Colaco MP, Desai MP, Ajgaonkar AR, Mahadik CV, Vas FE, Bandivdekar AN, Rege CM, Shirodkar VV, Kasi V, Sheth AR. Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism. Indian Pediatr 1984; 21:695-700. [PMID: 6519802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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