Knowledge and Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Among Prison and Detention Center Staffs in Bench-Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Background

The coronavirus has developed into a global public emergency. Different preventive measures like handwashing stations, isolation chambers, and personal protective equipment are frequently insufficient in prisons and detention facilities. Furthermore, there were significant dangers of infection from close contact with incarcerated people and prison and detention center staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the awareness of COVID-19 prevention strategies among correctional facility staff in the Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods

Between May and June 2020, an institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out among selected individuals who were correctional facility staff located in the Bench-Sheko zone at the time the data were collected. The study participants were chosen using a stratified systematic random sampling technique. Epi-data 3.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 22 was used to analyze it. To find a candidate and an independent factor, respectively, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized.

Results

The levels of knowledge and practice toward COVID-19 were 41.5% and 39.5% respectively. Working in detention [AOR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.1-10.5)] was also a risk factor for poor knowledge, and among the population working in detention, rural residence [AOR: 5.6, 95% CI: 2.2-14.3)], and lower educational level [AOR: 9.4, 95% CI: 3.3-26.9)] were additional risk factors for poor knowledge. Furthermore, for people working in detention, lower education levels [AOR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3-14)], poor knowledge [AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.6-6.8)], and poor attitude [AOR: 9.1, 95% CI: 1.9-43.7)], were associated with poor preventive practice.

Conclusion and recommendation

Prison and detention center staff had poor knowledge and preventive measures toward COVID-19. An upcoming educational intervention is recommended to raise awareness of the diseases. Moreover, the decarcerating strategy also needs to be considered to mitigate COVID.

Determinants of late-onset neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Arba-Minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia

INTRODUCTION

Neonatal sepsis can be either early (<7 Days) or late-onset ≥7days) neonatal sepsis depending on the day of the occurrence. Despite the decrement in early onset neonatal sepsis, there is still an increment in late-onset neonatal sepsis. Ethiopian demography and health survey report showed an increment in neonatal mortality in 2019/20.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of late-onset neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Arba-Minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia.

METHODS

An institution based study was conducted from March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021 in Arba-Minch general hospital. Cases were neonates diagnosed with late-onset neonatal sepsis with their index mother chart and controls were neonates admitted with other diagnoses at the same period. Cases and controls were selected consecutively. Data extraction tool and interview which was developed by reviewing different kinds of literature was used to collect data. Data were entered by using Epi data version 3.1software and transformed to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess determinants and variables with a p-value <0.2 were transformed to multivariable logistic regression then, a p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were used to declare significant association with the outcome variable.

RESULT

A total of 180 subjects (60 cases and 120 controls) were included in this study. The mean age of neonates was 12.1 days with standard deviations of 4.3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that; history of either sexually transmitted disease /urinary tract infection [AOR = 9.4; 95%CI(3.1-28.5)], being preterm (gestational age of <37 weeks) [AOR = 4.9; 95%CI (1.7-13.7)], use of endotracheal intubation/mechanical intubation [AOR = 8.3; 95%CI (1.8-26.4)]and either mixed types of infant feeding option or formula feeding before admission [AOR = 12.7; 95%CI(3.7-42.8)]were significantly associated with late-onset neonatal sepsis.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study revealed that antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum factors have shown an association with late-onset neonatal sepsis. It is recommended to strengthen counseling and advice to mothers with specific risk factors of late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Multilevel analysis of the predictors of completion of the continuum of maternity care in Ethiopia; using the recent 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

Background

Despite the significant benefit of the continuum of care to avert maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, still the dropout from the continuum of care remains high and continued to become a challenge in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of completion along the continuum of maternity care and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was done using the 2019 mini Ethiopian demographic health survey. A total weighted sample of 2,905 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the last five years preceding the survey and who had antenatal care visits was included. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to examine the predictors that affect the completion of the continuum of maternity care services. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results

In this study, the overall prevalence of completion along the continuum of maternity care was 12.9% (95%CI: 11.1 – 14.9%). Attending higher education (AOR = 2.03: 95%CI; 1.14 - 3.61), belonged to medium wealth status (AOR = 1.69: 95%CI; 1.07 - 2.66), belonged to rich wealth status (AOR = 2.05: 95%CI; 1.32, 3.17), and informed about danger signs during pregnancy (AOR = 2.23: 95%CI; 1.61, 3.10) were positively associated with the completion of the maternity continuum of care. However, late initiaton of first antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.66: 95%CI; 0.49, 0.89), being rural resident (AOR = 0.67: 95%CI; 0.42 - 0.93), lived in the Afar (AOR = 0.36: 95%CI; 0.12 – 0.83) and Gambella (AOR = 0.52: 95%CI; 0.19 – 0.95) regional states were negatively associated with the completion of the continuum of maternity care.

Conclusion

Despite most of the women using at least one of the maternity services, the level of completion along the continuum of care after antenatal care booking remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, enhancing female education and economic transitions with special consideration given to rural, Afar, and Gambella regional state residents. Counseling towards the danger signs of pregnancy and its complications during antenatal care follow-upshould be strengthened. . Furthermore, the identified predictors should be considered when designing new policies or updating policies and strategies on maternity services uptake to step-up its full utilization, which in turn helps in the achievement of the sustainable development goals of ending preventable causes of maternal, neonatal, and child death by 2030.

Sleep Quality Among Adolescents and Its Relation to Inhalant, Khat, and Internet Use, and Physical Illness: A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

Sleep-related health problems are under investigated among adolescents in low-income countries, including our country, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the sleep quality and its associated factors among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 799 adolescents from May 27 to July 27, 2021, using a systematic random sampling technique. Sleep quality was assessed by using the Petersburg sleep quality index. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21. A logistic regression model was used, and variables with a P-value less than .05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of poor sleep quality (PSQ). About 1 in 3 adolescents (38%) had a poor sleep quality. The rates of inhalant, khat, and internet use disorders were 16%, 38%, and 18%, respectively. Also, 27.4% of adolescents used alcohol as a sleep medication, and 75% of adolescents with internet addiction had PSQ. Moreover, adolescents with physical illness had about 4 times higher odds of association with PSQ (AOR = 3.76 and 95% CI = 2.30-6.15%CI), and inhalant use disorder (AOR = 1.98 and 95% CI = 1.29-3.04%CI), internet addiction (AOR = 3.33 and 95% CI = 2.09-5.30%CI), and khat use disorder (AOR = 1.74 and 95% CI = 1.11-2.73%CI), were positively associated with PSQ. PSQ was higher among adolescents, and problematic inhalants, khat, and internet use and physical illness were risk factors for PSQ.