1
|
Li M, Olotu J, Buxo-Martinez CJ, Mossey PA, Anand D, Busch T, Alade A, Gowans LJJ, Eshete M, Adeyemo WL, Naicker T, Awotoye WO, Gupta S, Adeleke C, Bravo V, Huang S, Adamson OO, Toraño AM, Bello CA, Soto M, Soto M, Ledesma R, Marquez M, Cordero JF, Lopez-Del Valle LM, Salcedo MI, Debs N, Petrin A, Malloy H, Elhadi K, James O, Ogunlewe MO, Abate F, Hailu A, Mohammed I, Gravem P, Deribew M, Gesses M, Hassan M, Pape J, Obiri-Yeboah S, Arthur FKN, Oti AA, Donkor P, Marazita ML, Lachke SA, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Variant analyses of candidate genes in orofacial clefts in multi-ethnic populations. Oral Dis 2022; 28:1921-1935. [PMID: 34061439 PMCID: PMC9733635 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cleft lip with/without cleft palate and cleft palate only is congenital birth defects where the upper lip and/or palate fail to fuse properly during embryonic facial development. Affecting ~1.2/1000 live births worldwide, these orofacial clefts impose significant social and financial burdens on affected individuals and their families. Orofacial clefts have a complex etiology resulting from genetic variants combined with environmental covariates. Recent genome-wide association studies and whole-exome sequencing for orofacial clefts identified significant genetic associations and variants in several genes. Of these, we investigated the role of common/rare variants in SHH, RORA, MRPL53, ACVR1, and GDF11. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced these five genes in 1255 multi-ethnic cleft lip with/without palate and cleft palate only samples in order to find variants that may provide potential explanations for the missing heritability of orofacial clefts. Rare and novel variants were further analyzed using in silico predictive tools. RESULTS Ninteen total variants of interest were found, with variant types including stop-gain, missense, synonymous, intronic, and splice-site variants. Of these, 3 novel missense variants were found, one in SHH, one in RORA, and one in GDF11. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that variants in SHH, RORA, MRPL53, ACVR1, and GDF11 may contribute to risk of orofacial clefts in various populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joy Olotu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Carmen J Buxo-Martinez
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Azeez Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lord J J Gowans
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mekonen Eshete
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wasiu L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Waheed O Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sagar Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chinyere Adeleke
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Valeria Bravo
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Siyong Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olatunbosun O Adamson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mairim Soto
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Marilyn Soto
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Ricardo Ledesma
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Myrellis Marquez
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Lydia M Lopez-Del Valle
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Maria I Salcedo
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Natalio Debs
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, University of Puerto Rico School of Dental Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Aline Petrin
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hannah Malloy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Khalid Elhadi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mobolanle O Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fekir Abate
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiye Hailu
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul Gravem
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Milliard Deribew
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Gesses
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohaned Hassan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Pape
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed K N Arthur
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander A Oti
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Donkor
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Departments of Oral Biology and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- National Human Genomic Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gowans LJJ, Comnick CL, Mossey PA, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Naicker T, Awotoye WA, Petrin A, Adeleke C, Donkor P, Busch TD, James O, Ogunlewe MO, Li M, Olotu J, Hassan M, Adeniyan OA, Obiri-Yeboah S, Arthur FKN, Agbenorku P, Oti AA, Olatosi O, Adamson OO, Fashina AA, Zeng E, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Genome-Wide Scan for Parent-of-Origin Effects in a sub-Saharan African Cohort With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate (CL/P). Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2022; 59:841-851. [PMID: 34382870 PMCID: PMC9884465 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211036316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NSCL/P) have multifactorial etiology where genetic factors, gene-environment interactions, stochastic factors, gene-gene interactions, and parent-of-origin effects (POEs) play cardinal roles. POEs arise when the parental origin of alleles differentially impacts the phenotype of the offspring. The aim of this study was to identify POEs that can increase risk for NSCL/P in humans using a genome-wide dataset. METHODS The samples (174 case-parent trios from Ghana, Ethiopia, and Nigeria) included in this study were from the African only genome wide association studies (GWAS) that was published in 2019. Genotyping of individual DNA using over 2 million multiethnic and African ancestry-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array v2 15070954 A2 (genome build GRCh37/hg19) was done at the Center for Inherited Diseases Research. After quality control checks, PLINK was employed to carry out POE analysis employing the pooled subphenotypes of NSCL/P. RESULTS We observed possible hints of POEs at a cluster of genes at a 1 mega base pair window at the major histocompatibility complex class 1 locus on chromosome 6, as well as at other loci encompassing candidate genes such as ASB18, ANKEF1, AGAP1, GABRD, HHAT, CCT7, DNMT3A, EPHA7, FOXO3, lncRNAs, microRNA, antisense RNAs, ZNRD1, ZFAT, and ZBTB16. CONCLUSION Findings from our study suggest that some loci may increase the risk for NSCL/P through POEs. Additional studies are required to confirm these suggestive loci in NSCL/P etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LJJ Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - CL Comnick
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - PA Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - MA Eshete
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - WL Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Naicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa
| | - WA Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - A Petrin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - C Adeleke
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - P Donkor
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - TD Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - O James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - MO Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - J Olotu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - M Hassan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - OA Adeniyan
- NHS Foundation Trust (Queens Hospital, Belvedere Road, Burton-On-Trent), Staffordshire, UK
| | - S Obiri-Yeboah
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - FKN Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P Agbenorku
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - AA Oti
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - O Olatosi
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - OO Adamson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - AA Fashina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - ML Marazita
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - AA Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JC Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - A Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gowans LJJ, Al Dhaheri N, Li M, Busch T, Obiri-Yeboah S, Oti AA, Sabbah DK, Arthur FKN, Awotoye WO, Alade AA, Twumasi P, Agbenorku P, Plange-Rhule G, Naicker T, Donkor P, Murray JC, Sobreira NLM, Butali A. Co-occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub-Saharan African cohort: Whole-exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1655. [PMID: 33719213 PMCID: PMC8123728 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital malformations of the face and palate, with an incidence of 1 per 700 live births. Clubfoot or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a three‐dimensional abnormality of the leg, ankle, and feet that leads to the anomalous positioning of foot and ankle joints and has an incidence of 1 per 1000 live births. OFCs and CTEV may occur together or separately in certain genetic syndromes in addition to other congenital abnormalities. Here, we sought to decipher the genetic etiology of OFC and CTEV that occurred together in six probands. Methods At the time of recruitment, the most clinically obvious congenital anomalies in these individuals were the OFC and CTEV. We carried out whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on DNA samples from probands and available parents employing the Agilent SureSelect XT kit and Illumina HiSeq2500 platform, followed by bioinformatics analyses. WES variants were validated by clinical Sanger Sequencing. Results Of the six probands, we observed probable pathogenic genetic variants in four. In three probands with probable pathogenic genetic variants, each individual had variants in three different genes, whereas one proband had probable pathogenic variant in just one gene. In one proband, we observed variants in DIS3L2, a gene associated with Perlman syndrome. A second proband had variants in EPG5 (associated with Vici Syndrome), BARX1 and MKI67, while another proband had potentially etiologic variants in FRAS1 (associated with Fraser Syndrome 1), TCOF1 (associated with Treacher Collins Syndrome 1) and MKI67. The last proband had variants in FRAS1, PRDM16 (associated with Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL/Left ventricular noncompaction 8) and CHD7 (associated with CHARGE syndrome/Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia). Conclusion Our results suggest that clubfoot and OFCs are two congenital abnormalities that can co‐occur in certain individuals with varying genetic causes and expressivity, warranting the need for deep phenotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lord J J Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Noura Al Dhaheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander A Oti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel K Sabbah
- Department of Orthodontics and Child Oral Health, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed K N Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Waheed O Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Azeez A Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Twumasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gyikua Plange-Rhule
- Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Peter Donkor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Dental School, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nara L M Sobreira
- Department of Medical Genetics, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alade AA, Buxo‐Martinez CJ, Mossey PA, Gowans LJ, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Naicker T, Awotoye WA, Adeleke C, Busch T, Toraño AM, Bello CA, Soto M, Soto M, Ledesma R, Marquez M, Cordero JF, Lopez‐Del Valle LM, Salcedo MI, Debs N, Li M, Petrin A, Olotu J, Aldous C, Olutayo J, Ogunlewe MO, Abate F, Hailu T, Muhammed I, Gravem P, Deribew M, Gesses M, Hassan M, Pape J, Adeniyan OA, Obiri‐Yeboah S, Arthur FK, Oti AA, Olatosi O, Miller SE, Donkor P, Dunnwald MM, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Non-random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein-binding domains of IRF6 are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1355. [PMID: 32558391 PMCID: PMC7434609 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of the face occurs during the early days of intrauterine life by the formation of facial processes from the first Pharyngeal arch. Derangement in these well-organized fusion events results in Orofacial clefts (OFC). Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common causes of syndromic cleft lip and/or palate accounting for 2% of all cases. Mutations in the IRF6 gene account for 70% of cases with the majority of these mutations located in the DNA-binding (exon 3, 4) or protein-binding domains (exon 7-9). The current study was designed to update the list of IRF6 variants reported for VWS by compiling all the published mutations from 2013 to date as well as including the previously unreported VWS cases from Africa and Puerto Rico. METHODS We used PubMed with the search terms; "Van der Woude syndrome," "Popliteal pterygium syndrome," "IRF6," and "Orofacial cleft" to identify eligible studies. We compiled the CADD score for all the mutations to determine the percentage of deleterious variants. RESULTS Twenty-one new mutations were identified from nine papers. The majority of these mutations were in exon 4. Mutations in exon 3 and 4 had CADD scores between 20 and 30 and mutations in exon 7-9 had CADD scores between 30 and 40. The presence of higher CADD scores in the protein-binding domain (exon 7-9) further confirms the crucial role played by this domain in the function of IRF6. In the new cases, we identified five IRF6 mutations, three novel missense mutations (p.Phe36Tyr, p.Lys109Thr, and p.Gln438Leu), and two previously reported nonsense mutations (p.Ser424*and p.Arg250*). CONCLUSION Mutations in the protein and DNA-binding domains of IRF6 ranked among the top 0.1% and 1% most deleterious genetic mutations, respectively. Overall, these findings expand the range of VWS mutations and are important for diagnostic and counseling purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azeez A. Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Carmen J. Buxo‐Martinez
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Peter A. Mossey
- Department of OrthodonticsUniversity of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lord J.J. Gowans
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | | | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Thirona Naicker
- School of clinical medicineKwaZulu‐Natal UniversityDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Waheed A. Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Chinyere Adeleke
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Ada M. Toraño
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Carolina A. Bello
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Mairim Soto
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Marilyn Soto
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Ricardo Ledesma
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Myrellis Marquez
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Jose F. Cordero
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Lydia M. Lopez‐Del Valle
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Maria I. Salcedo
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Natalio Debs
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics CoreUniversity of Puerto Rico School of Dental MedicineSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Aline Petrin
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Joy Olotu
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Colleen Aldous
- School of clinical medicineKwaZulu‐Natal UniversityDurbanSouth Africa
| | - James Olutayo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Modupe O. Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Fekir Abate
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Taye Hailu
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Ibrahim Muhammed
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Paul Gravem
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Milliard Deribew
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Mulualem Gesses
- School of Public HealthAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Mohaned Hassan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - John Pape
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Oluwole A. Adeniyan
- NHS Foundation Trust, (Queens Hospital, Burton‐On‐Trent)StaffordshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Solomon Obiri‐Yeboah
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Fareed K.N. Arthur
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Alexander A. Oti
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | | | - Sara E. Miller
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Peter Donkor
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | | | - Mary L. Marazita
- Oral BiologyHuman GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | | | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and MedicineCollege of DentistryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health ResearchUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gowans LJJ, Oseni G, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, Eshete MA, Busch TD, Donkor P, Obiri-Yeboah S, Plange-Rhule G, Oti AA, Owais A, Olaitan PB, Aregbesola BS, Oginni FO, Bello SA, Audu R, Onwuamah C, Agbenorku P, Ogunlewe MO, Abdur-Rahman LO, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Novel GREM1 Variations in Sub-Saharan African Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:736-742. [PMID: 29489415 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618754948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are congenital anomalies of the face and have multifactorial etiology, with both environmental and genetic risk factors playing crucial roles. Though at least 40 loci have attained genomewide significant association with nonsyndromic CL/P, these loci largely reside in noncoding regions of the human genome, and subsequent resequencing studies of neighboring candidate genes have revealed only a limited number of etiologic coding variants. The present study was conducted to identify etiologic coding variants in GREM1, a locus that has been shown to be largely associated with cleft of both lip and soft palate. PATIENTS AND METHOD We resequenced DNA from 397 sub-Saharan Africans with CL/P and 192 controls using Sanger sequencing. Following analyses of the sequence data, we observed 2 novel coding variants in GREM1. These variants were not found in the 192 African controls and have never been previously reported in any public genetic variant database that includes more than 5000 combined African and African American controls or from the CL/P literature. RESULTS The novel variants include p.Pro164Ser in an individual with soft palate cleft only and p.Gly61Asp in an individual with bilateral cleft lip and palate. The proband with the p.Gly61Asp GREM1 variant is a van der Woude (VWS) case who also has an etiologic variant in IRF6 gene. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that there is low number of etiologic coding variants in GREM1, confirming earlier suggestions that variants in regulatory elements may largely account for the association between this locus and CL/P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ganiyu Oseni
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Science and Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Peter A Mossey
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mekonen A Eshete
- 5 Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamara D Busch
- 6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Donkor
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gyikua Plange-Rhule
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander A Oti
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Arwa Owais
- 7 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter B Olaitan
- 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Science and Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde S Aregbesola
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Fadekemi O Oginni
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Rosemary Audu
- 10 Department of Virology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chika Onwuamah
- 10 Department of Virology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- 1 Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mobolanle O Ogunlewe
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Lukman O Abdur-Rahman
- 11 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mary L Marazita
- 12 Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,13 Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Adeyemo
- 14 National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- 6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- 15 Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gowans LJJ, Busch TD, Mossey PA, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Aregbesola B, Donkor P, Arthur FKN, Agbenorku P, Olutayo J, Twumasi P, Braimah R, Oti AA, Plange-Rhule G, Obiri-Yeboah S, Abate F, Hoyte-Williams PE, Hailu T, Murray JC, Butali A. The prevalence, penetrance, and expressivity of etiologic IRF6 variants in orofacial clefts patients from sub-Saharan Africa. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:164-171. [PMID: 28361103 PMCID: PMC5370218 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orofacial clefts are congenital malformations of the orofacial region, with a global incidence of one per 700 live births. Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) (OMIM:607199) gene has been associated with the etiology of both syndromic and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. The aim of this study was to show evidence of potentially pathogenic variants in IRF6 in orofacial clefts cohorts from Africa. Methods We carried out Sanger Sequencing on DNA from 184 patients with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and 80 individuals with multiple congenital anomalies that presented with orofacial clefts. We sequenced all the nine exons of IRF6 as well as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. In our analyses pipeline, we used various bioinformatics tools to detect and describe the potentially etiologic variants. Results We observed that potentially etiologic exonic and splice site variants were nonrandomly distributed among the nine exons of IRF6, with 92% of these variants occurring in exons 4 and 7. Novel variants were also observed in both nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (p.Glu69Lys, p.Asn185Thr, c.175‐2A>C and c.1060+26C>T) and multiple congenital anomalies (p.Gly65Val, p.Lys320Asn and c.379+1G>T) patients. Our data also show evidence of compound heterozygotes that may modify phenotypes that emanate from IRF6 variants. Conclusions This study demonstrates that exons 4 and 7 of IRF6 are mutational ‘hotspots’ in our cohort and that IRF6 mutants‐induced orofacial clefts may be prevalent in the Africa population, however, with variable penetrance and expressivity. These observations are relevant for detection of high‐risk families as well as genetic counseling. In conclusion, we have shown that there may be a need to combine both molecular and clinical evidence in the grouping of orofacial clefts into syndromic and nonsyndromic forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)KumasiGhana; Cleft ClinicKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana; Department of PaediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa; Department of Oral PathologyRadiology and MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Tamara D Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology Radiology and Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics University of Dundee Dundee Scotland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Donkor
- Cleft ClinicKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana; Department of SurgerySchool of Medical SciencesKNUSTKumasiGhana
| | - Fareed K N Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- Cleft ClinicKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana; Department of SurgerySchool of Medical SciencesKNUSTKumasiGhana
| | - James Olutayo
- College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Peter Twumasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana
| | - Rahman Braimah
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife Nigeria
| | - Alexander A Oti
- Cleft ClinicKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana; Department of SurgerySchool of Medical SciencesKNUSTKumasiGhana
| | | | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Cleft ClinicKomfo Anokye Teaching HospitalKumasiGhana; Department of SurgerySchool of Medical SciencesKNUSTKumasiGhana
| | | | | | - Taye Hailu
- Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | | | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology Radiology and Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gowans LJJ, Adeyemo WL, Eshete M, Mossey PA, Busch T, Aregbesola B, Donkor P, Arthur FKN, Bello SA, Martinez A, Li M, Augustine-Akpan EA, Deressa W, Twumasi P, Olutayo J, Deribew M, Agbenorku P, Oti AA, Braimah R, Plange-Rhule G, Gesses M, Obiri-Yeboah S, Oseni GO, Olaitan PB, Abdur-Rahman L, Abate F, Hailu T, Gravem P, Ogunlewe MO, Buxó CJ, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Association Studies and Direct DNA Sequencing Implicate Genetic Susceptibility Loci in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Sub-Saharan African Populations. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1245-56. [PMID: 27369588 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516657003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital dysmorphologies of the human face and oral cavity, with a global incidence of 1 per 700 live births. These anomalies exhibit a multifactorial pattern of inheritance, with genetic and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Many loci have been implicated in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations of Asian and European ancestries, through genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies. However, few populations of African descent have been studied to date. Here, the authors show evidence of an association of some loci with NSCL/P and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) in cohorts from Africa (Ghana, Ethiopia, and Nigeria). The authors genotyped 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were selected from previous genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies. These markers were successfully genotyped on 701 NSCL/P and 163 NSCPO cases, 1,070 unaffected relatives, and 1,078 unrelated controls. The authors also directly sequenced 7 genes in 184 nonsyndromic OFC (NSOFC) cases and 96 controls from Ghana. Population-specific associations were observed in the case-control analyses of the subpopulations, with West African subpopulations (Ghana and Nigeria) showing a similar pattern of associations. In meta-analyses of the case-control cohort, PAX7 (rs742071, P = 5.10 × 10(-3)), 8q24 (rs987525, P = 1.22 × 10(-3)), and VAX1 (rs7078160, P = 0.04) were nominally associated with NSCL/P, and MSX1 (rs115200552, P = 0.01), TULP4 (rs651333, P = 0.04), CRISPLD2 (rs4783099, P = 0.02), and NOG1 (rs17760296, P = 0.04) were nominally associated with NSCPO. Moreover, 7 loci exhibited evidence of threshold overtransmission in NSOFC cases through the transmission disequilibrium test and through analyses of the family-based association for disease traits. Through DNA sequencing, the authors also identified 2 novel, rare, potentially pathogenic variants (p.Asn323Asp and p.Lys426IlefsTer6) in ARHGAP29 In conclusion, the authors have shown evidence for the association of many loci with NSCL/P and NSCPO. To the best of this knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate any of these association signals in any African population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J J Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Eshete
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - T Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B Aregbesola
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - P Donkor
- Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - F K N Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - S A Bello
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State House Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A Martinez
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E A Augustine-Akpan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W Deressa
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P Twumasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - J Olutayo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Deribew
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P Agbenorku
- Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A A Oti
- Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - R Braimah
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - G Plange-Rhule
- Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - M Gesses
- Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Obiri-Yeboah
- Cleft Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - G O Oseni
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - P B Olaitan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - L Abdur-Rahman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - F Abate
- Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - T Hailu
- Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P Gravem
- Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M O Ogunlewe
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - C J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - M L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oti AA, Obiri-Yeboah S, Donkor P. Aesthetic outcome and the need for revision of unilateral cleft lip repair at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Ghana Med J 2015; 48:20-3. [PMID: 25320397 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v48i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Millard method of unilateral cleft lip repair has been associated with a short lip and a flattened nose on the cleft side. The aim of this study was to determine the need for revision surgery following repair of unilateral cleft lip repair at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. METHOD Satisfaction with facial appearance (upper lip, nose and general facial appearance) was assessed quantitatively by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where 0 cm indicates totally unsatisfied or "highly unattractive" and 10 cm indicates totally satisfied or "highly attractive". Three assessors--parents, surgeon and lay-person--were purposively selected to score their level of satisfaction with repair of complete and incomplete unilateral cleft lip. The assessors also indicated the need for any revision. RESULTS The total sample size was 120, of which 40.0% were male and 60.0% were female. There were 79 cases of repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and 41 incomplete unilateral cleft lip. Average scores of satisfaction of parents were 6.6, 6.8 and 7.2 for nose, lip and general facial appearance (GFA) respectively. Satisfaction scores for surgeon were 6.1(nose), 6.0 (lip) and 6.5 (GFA), while those of the lay-assessor were 5.2(nose), 5.4 (lip) and 6.0(GFA). Concerning the need for revision, parents indicated 30.2% as needing revision, surgeon 33%; and lay-assessor 40%. Of the cases that needed revision, 33.3% were complete cleft lip and 0.1% were incomplete cleft lip. CONCLUSION Parents were more satisfied with unilateral cleft lip repair using the Millard procedure than either the surgeon or lay assessor. Those who needed revision were mostly children who presented with complete unilateral cleft lip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Oti
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - S Obiri-Yeboah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P Donkor
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|