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Mahmoudzadeh NH, Fitt AJ, Schwab DB, Martenis WE, Nease LM, Owings CG, Brinkley GJ, Li H, Karty JA, Sudarshan S, Hardy RW, Moczek AP, Picard CJ, Tennessen JM. The oncometabolite L-2-hydroxyglutarate is a common product of dipteran larval development. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103493. [PMID: 33157229 PMCID: PMC7704715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oncometabolite L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) is considered an abnormal product of central carbon metabolism that is capable of disrupting chromatin architecture, mitochondrial metabolism, and cellular differentiation. Under most circumstances, mammalian tissues readily dispose of this compound, as aberrant L-2HG accumulation induces neurometabolic disorders and promotes renal cell carcinomas. Intriguingly, Drosophila melanogaster larvae were recently found to accumulate high L-2HG levels under normal growth conditions, raising the possibility that L-2HG plays a unique role in insect metabolism. Here we explore this hypothesis by analyzing L-2HG levels in 18 insect species. While L-2HG was present at low-to-moderate levels in most of these species (<100 pmol/mg; comparable to mouse liver), dipteran larvae exhibited a tendency to accumulate high L-2HG concentrations (>100 pmol/mg), with the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the blow fly Phormia regina, and three representative Drosophila species harboring concentrations that exceed 1 nmol/mg - levels comparable to those measured in mutant mice that are unable to degrade L-2HG. Overall, our findings suggest that one of the largest groups of animals on earth commonly generate high concentrations of an oncometabolite during juvenile growth, hint at a role for L-2HG in the evolution of dipteran development, and raise the possibility that L-2HG metabolism could be targeted to restrict the growth of key disease vectors and agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander J Fitt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Daniel B Schwab
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Nease
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Charity G Owings
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Garrett J Brinkley
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongde Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sunil Sudarshan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard W Hardy
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Armin P Moczek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Christine J Picard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jason M Tennessen
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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