|
1
|
Naranbhai V, Garcia-Beltran WF, Chang CC, Berrios Mairena C, Thierauf JC, Kirkpatrick G, Onozato ML, Cheng J, St Denis KJ, Lam EC, Kaseke C, Tano-Menka R, Yang D, Pavlovic M, Yang W, Kui A, Miller TE, Astudillo MG, Cahill JE, Dighe AS, Gregory DJ, Poznansky MC, Gaiha GD, Balazs AB, Iafrate AJ. Comparative Immunogenicity and Effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccines. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1141-1150. [PMID: 34888672 PMCID: PMC8689763 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding immunogenicity and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is critical to guide rational use. METHODS We compared the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S in healthy ambulatory adults. We performed an inverse-variance meta-analysis of population-level effectiveness from public health reports in > 40 million individuals. RESULTS A single dose of either mRNA vaccine yielded comparable antibody and neutralization titers to convalescent individuals. Ad26.COV2.S yielded lower antibody concentrations and frequently undetectable neutralization titers. Bulk and cytotoxic T-cell responses were higher in mRNA1273 and BNT162b2 than Ad26.COV2.S recipients. Regardless of vaccine, <50% of vaccinees demonstrated CD8+ T-cell responses. Antibody concentrations and neutralization titers increased comparably after the first dose of either vaccine, and further in recipients of a second dose. Prior infection was associated with high antibody concentrations and neutralization even after a single dose and regardless of vaccine. Neutralization of Beta, Gamma, and Delta strains were poorer regardless of vaccine. In meta-analysis, relative to mRNA1273 the effectiveness of BNT162b2 was lower against infection and hospitalization, and Ad26COV2.S was lower against infection, hospitalization, and death. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the immunogenicity correlates with variable effectiveness of the 3 vaccines deployed in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Naranbhai
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Christina C Chang
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Julia C Thierauf
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maristela L Onozato
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ju Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerri J St Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clarety Kaseke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhoda Tano-Menka
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maia Pavlovic
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Kui
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael G Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Cahill
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand S Dighe
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Gregory
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Naranbhai V, Garcia-Beltran WF, Chang CC, Mairena CB, Thierauf JC, Kirkpatrick G, Onozato ML, Cheng J, St. Denis KJ, Lam EC, Kaseke C, Tano-Menka R, Yang D, Pavlovic M, Yang W, Kui A, Miller TE, Astudillo MG, Cahill JE, Dighe AS, Gregory DJ, Poznansky MC, Gaiha GD, Balazs AB, Iafrate AJ. Comparative immunogenicity and effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccines. medRxiv 2021:2021.07.18.21260732. [PMID: 34671780 PMCID: PMC8528089 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.18.21260732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding immunogenicity and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is critical to guide rational use. METHODS We compared the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S in ambulatory adults in Massachusetts, USA. To correlate immunogenicity with effectiveness of the three vaccines, we performed an inverse-variance meta-analysis of population level effectiveness from public health reports in >40 million individuals. RESULTS A single dose of either mRNA vaccine yielded comparable antibody and neutralization titers to convalescent individuals. Ad26.COV2.S yielded lower antibody concentrations and frequently negative neutralization titers. Bulk and cytotoxic T-cell responses were higher in mRNA1273 and BNT162b2 than Ad26.COV2.S recipients, and <50% of vaccinees demonstrate CD8+ T-cell responses to spike peptides. Antibody concentrations and neutralization titers increased comparably after the first dose of either vaccine, and further in recipients of a second dose. Prior infection was associated with high antibody concentrations and neutralization even after a single dose and regardless of vaccine. Neutralization of beta, gamma and delta strains were poorer regardless of vaccine. Relative to mRNA1273, the effectiveness of BNT162b2 was lower against infection and hospitalization; and Ad26COV2.S was lower against infection, hospitalization and death. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the immunogenicity correlates with variable effectiveness of the three FDA EUA vaccines deployed in the USA.
Collapse
|