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Lonnecker AT, Lim YH, Wooley KL. Functional Polycarbonate of a d-Glucal-Derived Bicyclic Carbonate via Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:748-753. [PMID: 35650856 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of a bicyclic carbonate monomer of a d-glucal derivative, which originated from the natural product d-glucose, in an efficient three-step procedure and its ring-opening polymerization (ROP), initiated by 4-methylbenzyl alcohol, via organocatalysis. The ROP behavior was studied as a function of time, catalyst type, and catalyst concentration by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using a cocatalyst system of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thiourea (5 mol %) afforded poly(d-glucal-carbonate) (PGCC) with almost complete monomer conversion (ca. 99%) within 1 min, as analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and a monomodal SEC trace with dispersity of 1.13. The resulting PGCCs exhibited amorphous characteristics with a relatively high glass transition temperature at ca. 69 °C and onset decomposition temperature at ca. 190 °C, as analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. This new type of potentially degradable polymer system represents a reactive functional polymer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Young H. Lim
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic−Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Young H. Lim
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Simcha E. Felder
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Céline J. Besset
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Kristufek TS, Kristufek SL, Link LA, Weems AC, Khan S, Lim SM, Lonnecker AT, Raymond JE, Maitland DJ, Wooley KL. Rapidly-cured isosorbide-based cross-linked polycarbonate elastomers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The natural compound, isosorbide has been functionalized and rapidly cross-linked using thiol–ene click chemistry to afford an optically-transparent, flexible elastomer.
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Hearon K, Wierzbicki MA, Nash LD, Landsman TL, Laramy C, Lonnecker AT, Gibbons MC, Ur S, Cardinal KO, Wilson TS, Wooley KL, Maitland DJ. A Processable Shape Memory Polymer System for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1386-98. [PMID: 25925212 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane shape memory polymers (SMPs) with tunable thermomechanical properties and advanced processing capabilities are synthesized, characterized, and implemented in the design of a microactuator medical device prototype. The ability to manipulate glass transition temperature (Tg ) and crosslink density in low-molecular weight aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane SMPs is demonstrated using a synthetic approach that employs UV catalyzed thiol-ene "click" reactions to achieve postpolymerization crosslinking. Polyurethanes containing varying C=C functionalization are synthesized, solution blended with polythiol crosslinking agents and photoinitiator and subjected to UV irradiation, and the effects of number of synthetic parameters on crosslink density are reported. Thermomechanical properties are highly tunable, including glass transitions tailorable between 30 and 105 °C and rubbery moduli tailorable between 0.4 and 20 MPa. This new SMP system exhibits high toughness for many formulations, especially in the case of low crosslink density materials, for which toughness exceeds 90 MJ m(-3) at select straining temperatures. To demonstrate the advanced processing capability and synthetic versatility of this new SMP system, a laser-actuated SMP microgripper device for minimally invasive delivery of endovascular devices is fabricated, shown to exhibit an average gripping force of 1.43 ± 0.37 N and successfully deployed in an in vitro experimental setup under simulated physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hearon
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
| | - Mark A. Wierzbicki
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
| | - Landon D. Nash
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
| | - Todd L. Landsman
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
| | - Christine Laramy
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
| | - Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; P.O. Box 30012 College Station TX 77842-3012 USA
| | - Michael C. Gibbons
- Building 13, Room 263, Biomedical and General Engineering Department; California Polytechnic State University; San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Sarah Ur
- Building 13, Room 263, Biomedical and General Engineering Department; California Polytechnic State University; San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Kristen O. Cardinal
- Building 13, Room 263, Biomedical and General Engineering Department; California Polytechnic State University; San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Thomas S. Wilson
- 7000 East Avenue; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; P.O. Box 30012 College Station TX 77842-3012 USA
| | - Duncan J. Maitland
- 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; Department of Biomedical Engineering; 3120 Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-3120 USA
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Link LA, Lonnecker AT, Hearon K, Maher CA, Raymond JE, Wooley KL. Photo-cross-linked poly(thioether-co-carbonate) networks derived from the natural product quinic acid. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:17370-17375. [PMID: 25289727 DOI: 10.1021/am506087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycarbonate networks derived from the natural product quinic acid that can potentially return to their natural building blocks upon hydrolytic degradation are described herein. Solvent-free thiol-ene chemistry was utilized in the copolymerization of tris(alloc)quinic acid and a variety of multifunctional thiol monomers to obtain poly(thioether-co-carbonate) networks with a wide range of achievable thermomechanical properties including glass transition temperatures from -18 to +65 °C and rubbery moduli from 3.8 to 20 MPa. The network containing 1,2-ethanedithiol expressed an average toughness at 25 and 63 °C of 1.08 and 2.35 MJ/m(3), respectively, and an order-of-magnitude increase in the average toughness at 37 °C of 15.56 MJ/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Link
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Hearon K, Nash LD, Rodriguez JN, Lonnecker AT, Raymond JE, Wilson TS, Wooley KL, Maitland DJ. A high-performance recycling solution for polystyrene achieved by the synthesis of renewable poly(thioether) networks derived from D-limonene. Adv Mater 2014; 26:1552-8. [PMID: 24249666 PMCID: PMC4000729 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite polymers are prepared using a new sustainable materials synthesis process in which d-Limonene functions simultaneously both as a solvent for recycling polystyrene (PS) waste and as a monomer that undergoes UV-catalyzed thiol-ene polymerization reactions with polythiol comonomers to afford polymeric products composed of precipitated PS phases dispersed throughout elastomeric poly(thioether) networks. These blended networks exhibit mechanical properties that greatly exceed those of either polystyrene or the poly(thioether) network homopolymers alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hearon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 5045 Emerging Technologies, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
| | - Landon D. Nash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 5045 Emerging Technologies, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 5045 Emerging Technologies, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
| | - Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Jeffery E. Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Thomas S. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550-9234, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Duncan J. Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 5045 Emerging Technologies, College Station, Texas 77843-3120, USA
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Hearon K, Besset CJ, Lonnecker AT, Ware T, Voit WE, Wilson TS, Wooley KL, Maitland DJ. A Structural Approach to Establishing a Platform Chemistry for the Tunable, Bulk Electron Beam Cross-Linking of Shape Memory Polymer Systems. Macromolecules 2013; 46:8905-8916. [PMID: 25411511 DOI: 10.1021/ma4018372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic design and thermomechanical characterization of shape memory polymers (SMPs) built from a new polyurethane chemistry that enables facile, bulk and tunable cross-linking of low-molecular weight thermoplastics by electron beam irradiation is reported in this study. SMPs exhibit stimuli-induced geometry changes and are being proposed for applications in numerous fields. We have previously reported a polyurethane SMP system that exhibits the complex processing capabilities of thermoplastic polymers and the mechanical robustness and tunability of thermomechanical properties that are often characteristic of thermoset materials. These previously reported polyurethanes suffer practically because the thermoplastic molecular weights needed to achieve target cross-link densities severely limit high-throughput thermoplastic processing and because thermally unstable radiation-sensitizing additives must be used to achieve high enough cross-link densities to enable desired tunable shape memory behavior. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to manipulate cross-link density in low-molecular weight aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane SMPs (Mw as low as ~1.5 kDa) without radiation-sensitizing additives by incorporating specific structural motifs into the thermoplastic polymer side chains that we hypothesized would significantly enhance susceptibility to e-beam cross-linking. A custom diol monomer was first synthesized and then implemented in the synthesis of neat thermoplastic polyurethane SMPs that were irradiated at doses ranging from 1 to 500 kGy. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated rubbery moduli to be tailorable between 0.1 and 55 MPa, and both DMA and sol/gel analysis results provided fundamental insight into our hypothesized mechanism of electron beam cross-linking, which enables controllable bulk cross-linking to be achieved in highly processable, low-molecular weight thermoplastic shape memory polymers without sensitizing additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hearon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States ; Chemical Sciences Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Celine J Besset
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Alexander T Lonnecker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Taylor Ware
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Walter E Voit
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Thomas S Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Duncan J Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Gustafson TP, Lonnecker AT, Heo GS, Zhang S, Dove AP, Wooley KL. Poly(D-glucose carbonate) block copolymers: a platform for natural product-based nanomaterials with Solvothermatic characteristics. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3346-53. [PMID: 23957247 DOI: 10.1021/bm4010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A natural product-based polymer platform, having the characteristics of being derived from renewable materials and capable of breaking down, ultimately, into natural byproducts, has been prepared through the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a glucose-based bicyclic carbonate monomer. ROP was carried out via chain extension of a polyphosphoester (PPE) macroinitiator in the presence of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) organocatalyst to afford the PPE-b-poly(D-glucose carbonate) (PDGC) block copolymer. This new copolymer represents a functional architecture that can be rapidly transformed through thiol-yne reactions along the PPE segment into a diverse variety of amphiphilic polymers, which interestingly display stimuli-sensitive phase behavior in the form of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Below the LCST, they undergo self-assembly to form spherical core-shell nanostructures that display a poorly defined core-shell morphology. It is expected that hydrophobic patches are exposed within the micellar corona, reminiscent of the surface complexity of proteins, making these materials of interest for triggered and reversible assembly disassembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Mikami K, Lonnecker AT, Gustafson TP, Zinnel NF, Pai PJ, Russell DH, Wooley KL. Polycarbonates Derived from Glucose via an Organocatalytic Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6826-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402319m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Mikami
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Tiffany P. Gustafson
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nathanael F. Zinnel
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Pei-Jing Pai
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H. Russell
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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Imbesi PM, Finlay JA, Aldred N, Eller MJ, Felder SE, Pollack KA, Lonnecker AT, Raymond JE, Mackay ME, Schweikert EA, Clare AS, Callow JA, Callow ME, Wooley KL. Targeted surface nanocomplexity: two-dimensional control over the composition, physical properties and anti-biofouling performance of hyperbranched fluoropolymer–poly(ethylene glycol) amphiphilic crosslinked networks. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline J. Besset
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Alexander T. Lonnecker
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Streff
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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