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Goetzman ES, Zhang BB, Zhang Y, Bharathi SS, Bons J, Rose J, Shah S, Solo KJ, Schmidt AV, Richert AC, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Rao KS, Shiva SS, Pfister KE, Silva Barbosa A, Sims-Lucas S, Dobrowolski SF, Schilling B. Dietary dicarboxylic acids provide a non-storable alternative fat source that protects mice against obesity. J Clin Invest 2024:e174186. [PMID: 38687608 DOI: 10.1172/jci174186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxylic fatty acids are generated in the liver and kidney in a minor pathway called fatty acid ω-oxidation. The effects of consuming dicarboxylic fatty acids as an alternative source of dietary fat have not been explored. Here, we fed dodecanedioic acid, a 12-carbon dicarboxylic (DC12), to mice at 20% of daily caloric intake for nine weeks. DC12 increased metabolic rate, reduced body fat, reduced liver fat, and improved glucose tolerance. We observed DC12-specific breakdown products in liver, kidney, muscle, heart, and brain, indicating that oral DC12 escaped first-pass liver metabolism and was utilized by many tissues. In tissues expressing the "a" isoform of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1), a key peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzyme, DC12 was chain shortened to the TCA cycle intermediate succinyl-CoA. In tissues with low peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacity, DC12 was oxidized by mitochondria. In vitro, DC12 was catabolized even by adipose tissue and was not stored intracellularly. We conclude that DC12 and other dicarboxylic acids may be useful for combatting obesity and for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Bob B Zhang
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Jacob Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
| | - Keaton J Solo
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Adam C Richert
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Krithika S Rao
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sruti S Shiva
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Anne Silva Barbosa
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | | | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, United States of America
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Doh CY, Schmidt AV, Chinthalapudi K, Stelzer JE. Bringing into focus the central domains C3-C6 of myosin binding protein C. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1370539. [PMID: 38487262 PMCID: PMC10937550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1370539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) is a multi-domain protein with each region having a distinct functional role in muscle contraction. The central domains of MyBPC have often been overlooked due to their unclear roles. However, recent research shows promise in understanding their potential structural and regulatory functions. Understanding the central region of MyBPC is important because it may have specialized function that can be used as drug targets or for disease-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution of our understanding of the central domains of MyBPC in regard to its domain structures, arrangement and dynamics, interaction partners, hypothesized functions, disease-causing mutations, and post-translational modifications. We highlight key research studies that have helped advance our understanding of the central region. Lastly, we discuss gaps in our current understanding and potential avenues to further research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yoon Doh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Schmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Silva Barbosa AC, Pfister KE, Chiba T, Bons J, Rose JP, Burton JB, King CD, O'Broin A, Young V, Zhang B, Sivakama B, Schmidt AV, Uhlean R, Oda A, Schilling B, Goetzman ES, Sims-Lucas S. Dicarboxylic Acid Dietary Supplementation Protects against AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:135-148. [PMID: 38044490 PMCID: PMC10843194 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we demonstrate that a common, low-cost compound known as octanedioic acid (DC 8 ) can protect mice from kidney damage typically caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury or the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. This compound seems to enhance peroxisomal activity, which is responsible for breaking down fats, without adversely affecting mitochondrial function. DC 8 is not only affordable and easy to administer but also effective. These encouraging findings suggest that DC 8 could potentially be used to assist patients who are at risk of experiencing this type of kidney damage. BACKGROUND Proximal tubules are rich in peroxisomes, which are damaged during AKI. Previous studies demonstrated that increasing peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is renoprotective, but no therapy has emerged to leverage this mechanism. METHODS Mice were fed with either a control diet or a diet enriched with dicarboxylic acids, which are peroxisome-specific FAO substrates, then subjected to either ischemia-reperfusion injury-AKI or cisplatin-AKI models. Biochemical, histologic, genetic, and proteomic analyses were performed. RESULTS Both octanedioic acid (DC 8 ) and dodecanedioic acid (DC 12 ) prevented the rise of AKI markers in mice that were exposed to renal injury. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that DC 8 preserved the peroxisomal and mitochondrial proteomes while inducing extensive remodeling of the lysine succinylome. This latter finding indicates that DC 8 is chain shortened to the anaplerotic substrate succinate and that peroxisomal FAO was increased by DC 8 . CONCLUSIONS DC 8 supplementation protects kidney mitochondria and peroxisomes and increases peroxisomal FAO, thereby protecting against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Silva Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine E Pfister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takuto Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Jacob P Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | | | | | - Amy O'Broin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Victoria Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bob Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bharathi Sivakama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra V Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Uhlean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Akira Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Schmidt AV, Monga SP, Prochownik EV, Goetzman ES. A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model Implicates Sirt2 as a Promoter of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12618. [PMID: 37628798 PMCID: PMC10454864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. Incidence rates are steadily increasing, creating an unmet need for new therapeutic options. Recently, the inhibition of sirtuin-2 (Sirt2) was proposed as a potential treatment for HCC, despite contradictory findings of its role as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in vitro. Sirt2 functions as a lysine deacetylase enzyme. However, little is known about its biological influence, despite its implication in several age-related diseases. This study evaluated Sirt2's role in HCC in vivo using an inducible c-MYC transgene in Sirt2+/+ and Sirt2-/- mice. Sirt2-/- HCC mice had smaller, less proliferative, and more differentiated liver tumors, suggesting that Sirt2 functions as a tumor promoter in this context. Furthermore, Sirt2-/- HCCs had significantly less c-MYC oncoprotein and reduction in c-MYC nuclear localization. The RNA-seq showed that only three genes were significantly dysregulated due to loss of Sirt2, suggesting the underlying mechanism is due to Sirt2-mediated changes in the acetylome, and that the therapeutic inhibition of Sirt2 would not perturb the oncogenic transcriptome. The findings of this study suggest that Sirt2 inhibition could be a promising molecular target for slowing HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Schmidt
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Eric S. Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Bharathi SS, Zhang BB, Paul E, Zhang Y, Schmidt AV, Fowler B, Wu Y, Tiemeyer M, Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI, Goetzman ES. GM3 synthase deficiency increases brain glucose metabolism in mice. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:342-348. [PMID: 36335793 PMCID: PMC11061803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
GM3 synthase (GM3S) deficiency is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by an inability to synthesize gangliosides, for which there is currently no treatment. Gangliosides are brain-enriched, plasma membrane glycosphingolipids with poorly understood biological functions related to cell adhesion, growth, and receptor-mediated signal transduction. Here, we investigated the effects of GM3S deficiency on metabolism and mitochondrial function in a mouse model. By indirect calorimetry, GM3S knockout mice exhibited increased whole-body respiration and an increased reliance upon carbohydrate as an energy source. 18F-FDG PET confirmed higher brain glucose uptake in knockout mice, and GM3S deficient N41 neuronal cells showed higher glucose utilization in vitro. Brain mitochondria from knockout mice respired at a higher rate on Complex I substrates including pyruvate. This appeared to be due to higher expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lower phosphorylation of PDH, which would favor pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial TCA cycle. Finally, it was observed that blocking glucose metabolism with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose reduced seizure intensity in GM3S knockout mice following administration of kainate. In conclusion, GM3S deficiency may be associated with a hypermetabolic phenotype that could promote seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakama S Bharathi
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Bob B Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eli Paul
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra V Schmidt
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Fowler
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America..
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Giacomazzi J, Aguiar E, Palmero EI, Schmidt AV, Skonieski G, Filho DD, Bock H, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Ewald IP, Schuler-Faccini L, Camey SA, Caleffi M, Giugliani R, Ashton-Prolla P. Prevalence of ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms in Brazilian breast cancer-unaffected women. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:891-7. [PMID: 22584640 PMCID: PMC3854186 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of hormone receptor genes have been linked to modifications in reproductive factors and to an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we have determined the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the ERα-397 PvuII C/T, ERα-351 XbaI A/G and PGR PROGINS polymorphisms and investigated their relationship with mammographic density, body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for BC. A consecutive and unselected sample of 750 Brazilian BC-unaffected women enrolled in a mammography screening program was recruited. The distribution of PGR PROGINS genotypic frequencies was 72.5, 25.5 and 2.0% for A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2, respectively, which was equivalent to that encountered in other studies with healthy women. The distribution of ERα genotypes was: ERα-397 PvuII C/T: 32.3% TT, 47.5% TC, and 20.2% CC; ERα-351 XbaI A/G: 46.3% AA, 41.7% AG and 12.0% GG. ERα haplotypes were 53.5% PX, 14.3% Px, 0.3% pX, and 32.0% px. These were significantly different from most previously published reports worldwide (P < 0.05). Overall, the PGR PROGINS genotypes A2A2 and A1A2 were associated with fatty and moderately fatty breast tissue. The same genotypes were also associated with a high BMI in postmenopausal women. In addition, the ERα-351 XbaI GG genotype was associated with menarche ≥12 years (P = 0.02). ERα and PGR polymorphisms have a phenotypic effect and may play an important role in BC risk determination. Finally, if confirmed in BC patients, these associations could have important implications for mammographic screening and strategies and may be helpful to identify women at higher risk for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giacomazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Abstract
Immediate skin test reactions are the hallmark of atopic diseases. EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) is a local anesthetic that reduces the pain and apprehension for skin testing. We studied EMLA effects on the skin prick test with allergen and histamine. Reactions were evaluated by means of wheal and flare crossed diameters, speed of reaction and local temperature changes. One hour occlusion dressing with EMLA significantly delayed the beginning of reaction with antigen (129%) and histamine (101%). It decreased wheal diameter (33% and 15%) as well as local temperature variation (55% and 80%) respectively with antigen and histamine. Local anesthesia with EMLA probably interferes with histamine action and reduces the immediate skin test reaction. Therefore, it should not be used to reduce the pain of allergy skin testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Ferrari
- Departmento de Pediatria, HC, UFPr, Curitaba, PR
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Schmidt AV. Family friends. Child Today 1985; 14:12-5. [PMID: 2933231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Schmidt AV. Teenage mothers. Child Today 1985; 14:16-8. [PMID: 4028881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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