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Singla A, Harun N, Dilling DF, Merchant K, McMahan S, Ingledue R, French A, Corral JA, Korbee L, Kopras EJ, Gupta N. Safety and efficacy of sirolimus in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Respir Investig 2024; 62:216-222. [PMID: 38211546 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need to develop novel therapies for COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a phase 2, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial; hospitalised patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and at least one poor prognostic biomarker, were given sirolimus (6 mg on Day 1 followed by 2 mg daily for 14 days or hospital discharge, whichever happens first) or placebo, in a 2:1 randomization scheme favouring sirolimus. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients alive and free from advanced respiratory support measures at Day 28. RESULTS Between April 2020 and April 2021, 32 patients underwent randomization and 28 received either sirolimus (n = 18) or placebo (n = 10). Mean age was 57 years and 75 % of the subjects were men. Twenty-two subjects had at least one co-existing condition (Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, CHF, or asthma/COPD) associated with worse prognosis. Mean FiO2 requirement was 0.35. There was no difference in the proportion of patients who were alive and free from advanced respiratory support measures in the sirolimus group (n = 15, 83 %) compared with the placebo group (n = 8, 80 %). Although patients in the sirolimus group demonstrated faster improvement in oxygenation and spent less time in the hospital, these differences were not statistically significant. There was no between-group difference in the rate of change in serum biomarkers such as LDH, ferritin, d-dimer or lymphocyte count. There was a decreased risk of thromboembolic complications in patients on sirolimus compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the role sirolimus in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Nusrat Harun
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Daniel F Dilling
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Medical Centre, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Karim Merchant
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Keck Hospital of University of Southern California, IRD Building 7th Floor, 2020 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Susan McMahan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Rebecca Ingledue
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alexandria French
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Josefina A Corral
- Clinical Research Office, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Leslie Korbee
- Academic Regulatory & Monitoring Services LLC, 7806 Gapstow Bridge, Cincinnati, OH, 45231, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kopras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Nishant Gupta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML0564, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Volk J, Huntington J, Melton F, Minor B, Wang T, Anapalli S, Anderson R, Evett S, French A, Jasoni R, Bambach N, Kustas W, Alfieri J, Prueger J, Hipps L, McKee L, Castro S, Alsina M, McElrone A, Reba M, Runkle B, Saber M, Sanchez C, Tajfar E, Allen R, Anderson M. Post-processed data and graphical tools for a CONUS-wide eddy flux evapotranspiration dataset. Data Brief 2023; 48:109274. [PMID: 37383786 PMCID: PMC10294113 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Large sample datasets of in situ evapotranspiration (ET) measurements with well documented data provenance and quality assurance are critical for water management and many fields of earth science research. We present a post-processed ET oriented dataset at daily and monthly timesteps, from 161 stations, including 148 eddy covariance flux towers, that were chosen based on their data quality from nearly 350 stations across the contiguous United States. In addition to ET, the data includes energy and heat fluxes, meteorological measurements, and reference ET downloaded from gridMET for each flux station. Data processing techniques were conducted in a reproducible manner using open-source software. Most data initially came from the public AmeriFlux network, however, several different networks (e.g., the USDA-Agricultural Research Service) and university partners provided data that was not yet public. Initial half-hourly energy balance data were gap-filled and aggregated to daily frequency, and turbulent fluxes were corrected for energy balance closure error using the FLUXNET2015/ONEFlux energy balance ratio approach. Metadata, diagnostics of energy balance, and interactive graphs of time series data are included for each station. Although the dataset was developed primarily to benchmark satellite-based remote sensing ET models of the OpenET initiative, there are many other potential uses, such as validation for a range of regional hydrologic and atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Volk
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - J.L. Huntington
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - F. Melton
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA
- California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA
| | - B. Minor
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - T. Wang
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Anapalli
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Water Management Research Unit, 4006 Old Leland Road, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA
| | - R.G. Anderson
- USDA-ARS US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd Riverside, CA 92507-4617 USA
| | - S. Evett
- USDA-ARS Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, 300 Simmons Road, Bushland, TX 79012 USA
| | - A. French
- USDA-ARS US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ, 85238 USA
| | - R. Jasoni
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - N. Bambach
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - W.P. Kustas
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
| | - J. Alfieri
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
| | - J. Prueger
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and The Environment, 1015 N. University Blvd., AMES, IA 50011 USA
| | - L. Hipps
- Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0102 USA
| | - L. McKee
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
| | - S.J. Castro
- USDA-ARS US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, 450 W Big Springs Rd Riverside, CA 92507-4617 USA
| | - M.M. Alsina
- E & J Gallo Winery, Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology, Modesto, CA USA
| | - A.J. McElrone
- Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0102 USA
- USDA-ARS Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA, 95616 USA
| | - M. Reba
- USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research, Jonesboro, AR, 72401 USA
| | - B. Runkle
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - M. Saber
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - C. Sanchez
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - E. Tajfar
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - R. Allen
- University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - M. Anderson
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm. 104, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA
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Chan B, Gray R, French A, Alexopoulos C, Prados K. Management and Outcomes of STEMI in a Regional Non-24/7 Cardiac Catheterisation Lab. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Spence S, French A, Penderis J, Macfarlane L, Gutierrez‐Quintana R, Dickson L, Holmes K, McLauchlan G. The occurrence of cardiac abnormalities in canine steroid‐responsive meningitis arteritis. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:204-211. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Spence
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - A. French
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - J. Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling FK7 7LE UK
| | - L. Macfarlane
- North Downs Specialist Referrals Bletchingley RH1 4QP UK
| | | | - L. Dickson
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | | | - G. McLauchlan
- Fitzpatrick Referrals – Oncology and Soft Tissue Surrey GU2 7AJ UK
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Trent S, Joynt P, Stella S, Skinner A, Salame G, Prandi-Abrams M, French A, Krantz M. 199 Implementation of a Modified HEART Score Pathway in an Urban, Safety Net Hospital: A Before-After Study. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Munday JS, Marshall S, Thomson NA, Kiupel M, Heathcott RW, French A. Multiple viral plaques with sebaceous differentiation associated with an unclassified papillomavirus type in a cat. N Z Vet J 2017; 65:219-223. [PMID: 28358996 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2017.1313146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 15-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat was presented due to multiple 0.5-2 cm-diameter crusting plaques in the left preauricular region, over the bridge of nose, and in the right periocular region. The plaques did not appear to cause discomfort. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS Biopsy samples of four plaques were examined histologically. Three plaques consisted of well-demarcated foci of mild epidermal hyperplasia overlying markedly hyperplastic sebaceous glands. Approximately 60% of the hyperplastic cells contained a large cytoplasmic vacuole that ranged from being clear to containing prominent grey-blue fibrillar material. The fourth plaque was composed solely of epidermal hyperplasia, consistent with previous descriptions of feline viral plaques. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Papillomavirus DNA was amplified from all four plaques using PCR. A single DNA sequence was amplified from the plaques with sebaceous differentiation. This sequence was identical to the FdPV-MY sequence previously suggested to be from a putative unclassified papillomavirus type. Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 sequences were amplified from the plaque typical of feline viral plaques. Immunohistochemistry to detect p16CDKN2A protein (p16) showed marked immunostaining throughout the hyperplastic epidermis and adnexal structures within the plaques with sebaceous differentiation. DIAGNOSIS Multiple feline viral plaques with variable sebaceous differentiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Feline viral plaques with sebaceous differentiation have not been previously reported in cats. The presence of unique cell changes within these lesions, the detection of an unclassified papillomavirus type, and the p16 immunostaining within these plaques suggest that they may have been caused by the papillomavirus that contains the FdPV-MY sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- a Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - S Marshall
- b Veterinary Associates , Hastings , New Zealand
| | - N A Thomson
- a Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - M Kiupel
- c Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation/Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - R W Heathcott
- a Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences , Massey University , Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - A French
- d New Zealand Veterinary Pathology Ltd , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Philippsen T, Orini M, Martin C, Volkova E, Ormerod J, Sohaib S, Elamin N, Blake S, Sawhney V, Ahmad S, Waring O, Bowers R, Raiman L, Hazelwood T, Mills R, Corrado C, Honarbakhsh S, Von Maydell A, Norrish G, Chubb H, Chubb H, Chubb H, Toledano M, Ruiz A, van Zalen J, Foley P, Pearman C, Rehal O, Foley P, Wong L, Foley P, Pearman C, Brahmbhatt D, Khan H, Wardley J, Akbar S, Christensen L, Hansen M, Brandes A, Tinker A, Munroe P, Lambiase P, Honarbakhsh S, McLean A, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Lane J, Chow A, Earley M, Hunter R, Khan F, Lambiase P, Schilling R, Sporton S, Dhinoja M, Camm C, Xavier R, de Sousa M, Betts T, Shun-Shin M, Wright I, Lim E, Lim P, Koawing M, Lefroy D, Linton N, Davies D, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Francis D, Whinnett Z, Khan M, Bowes R, Sahu J, Sheridan P, Rogers D, Kyriacou A, Kelland N, Lewis N, Lee J, Segall E, Diab I, Breitenstein A, Ullah W, Sporton S, Earley M, Finlay M, Dhinoja M, Schilling R, Hunter R, Ahmed M, Petkar S, Davidson N, Stout M, Pearce KP, Leo M, Ginks M, Rajappan K, Bashir Y, Balasubramaniam R, Sopher S, Betts T, Paisey J, Cheong J, Roy D, Adhya S, Williams S, O'Neill M, Niederer S, Providencia R, Srinivasan N, Ahsan S, Lowe M, Segal O, Hunter R, Finlay M, Earley M, Schilling R, Lambiase P, Stella S, Cantwell C, Chowdhury R, Kim S, Linton N, Whinnett Z, Koa-Wing M, Lefroy D, Davies DW, Kanagaratnam P, Lim PB, Qureshi N, Peters N, Cantarutti N, Limongelli G, Elliott P, Kaski J, Williams S, Lal K, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Kiedrowicz R, Wright M, O'Neill M, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Williams S, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Karim R, Williams S, Harrison J, Whitaker J, Wright M, Schaeffter T, Razavi R, O'Neill M, Montanes M, Ella Field E, Walsh H, Callaghan N, Till J, Mangat J, Lowe M, Kaski J, Ruiz Duthil A, Li A, Saba M, Patel N, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd G, French A, Khavandi A, McCrea W, Barnes E, Chandrasekaran B, Parry J, Garth L, Chapman J, Todd D, Hobbs J, Modi S, Waktare J, Hall M, Gupta D, Snowdon R, Papageorgiou N, Providência R, Falconer D, Sewart E, Ahsan S, Segal O, Ezzat V, Rowland E, Lowe M, Lambiase P, Chow A, Swift M, Charlton P, James J, Colling A, Barnes E, Starling L, Kontogeorgis A, Roses-Noguer F, Wong T, Jarman J, Clague J, Till J, Colling A, James J, Hawkins M, Burnell S, Chandrasekaran B, Coulson J, Smith L, Choudhury M, Oguguo E, Boyett M, Morris G, Flinn W, Chari A, Belham M, Pugh P, Somarakis K, Parasa R, Allata A, Hashim H, Mathew T, Kayasundar S, Venables P, Quinn J, Ivanova J, Brown S, Oliver R, Lyons M, Chuen M, Walsh J, Robinson T, Staniforth A, Ahsan A, Jamil-Copley S. POSTERS (2)96CONTINUOUS VERSUS INTERMITTENT MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF SUBCLINICAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS97HIGH DAY-TO-DAY INTRA-INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE UK BIOBANK DATA98USE OF NOVEL GLOBAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND CONTINUEOUS DIPOLE DENSITY MAPPING TO GUIDE ABLATION IN MACRO-REENTRANT TACHYCARDIAS99ANTICOAGULATION AND THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VT AND PVC ABLATION100NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA FREQUENTLY PRECEDES CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME101USING HIGH PRECISION HAEMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN AV OPTIMUM BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD POSITIONS IN BIVENTRICULAR PACING102CAN WE PREDICT MEDIUM TERM MORTALITY FROM TRANSVENOUS LEAD EXTRACTION PRE-OPERATIVELY?103PREVENTION OF UNECESSARY ADMISSIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION104EPICARDIAL CATHETER ABLATION FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON UNINTERRUPTED WARFARIN: A SAFE APPROACH?105HOW WELL DOES THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL EXCELLENCE (NICE) GUIDENCE ON TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (T-LoC) WORK IN A REAL WORLD? AN AUDIT OF THE SECOND STAGE SPECIALIST CARDIOVASCULAT ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS106DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN COMMUNITY LOCATIONS USING NOVEL TECHNOLOGY'S AS A METHOD OF STROKE PREVENTION IN THE OVER 65'S ASYMPTOMATIC POPULATION - SHOULD IT BECOME STANDARD PRACTISE?107HIGH-DOSE ISOPRENALINE INFUSION AS A METHOD OF INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A MULTI-CENTRE, PLACEBO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL IN PATIENTS WITH VARYING ARRHYTHMIC RISK108PACEMAKER COMPLICATIONS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL109CARDIAC RESYNCHRONISATION THERAPY: A TRADE-OFF BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLTAGE OUTPUT AND EJECTION FRACTION?110RAPID DETERIORATION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND ACUTE HEART FAILURE AFTER DUAL CHAMBER PACEMAKER INSERTION WITH RESOLUTION FOLLOWING BIVENTRICULAR PACING111LOCALLY PERSONALISED ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MODELS FROM PENTARAY CATHETER MEASUREMENTS112EVALUATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ICD VERSUS TRANSVENOUS ICD- A PROPENSITY MATCHED COST-EFFICACY ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS & OUTCOMES113LOCALISING DRIVERS USING ORGANISATIONAL INDEX IN CONTACT MAPPING OF HUMAN PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION114RISK FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PAEDIATRIC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS115EFFECT OF CATHETER STABILITY AND CONTACT FORCE ON VISITAG DENSITY DURING PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION116HEPATIC CAPSULE ENHANCEMENT IS COMMONLY SEEN DURING MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER: A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO PROCEDURAL PAIN117DOES HIGHER CONTACT FORCE IMPAIR LESION FORMATION AT THE CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS? INSIGHTS FROM MR-GUIDED ABLATION OF ATRIAL FLUTTER118CLINICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A MALIGNANT SCN5A MUTATION IN CHILDHOOD119RADIOFREQUENCY ASSOCIATED VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION120CONTRACTILE RESERVE EXPRESSED AS SYSTOLIC VELOCITY DOES NOT PREDICT RESPONSE TO CRT121DAY-CASE DEVICES - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING PATIENT CODING DATA122PATIENTS UNDERGOING SVT ABLATION HAVE A HIGH INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ARRHYTHMIA ON FOLLOW UP: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRE-PROCEDURE COUNSELLING123PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF HAEMOGLOBINN AND RED BLOOD CELL DITRIBUTION WIDTH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY124REMOTE MONITORING AND FOLLOW UP DEVICES125A 20-YEAR, SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS (ICD) IN CHILDREN: TIME TO CONSIDER THE SUBCUTANEOUS ICD?126EXPERIENCE OF MAGNETIC REASONANCE IMAGING (MEI) IN PATIENTS WITH MRI CONDITIONAL DEVICES127THE SINUS BRADYCARDIA SEEN IN ATHLETES IS NOT CAUSED BY ENHANCED VAGAL TONE BUT INSTEAD REFLECTS INTRINSIC CHANGES IN THE SINUS NODE REVEALED BY
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(F) BLOCKADE128SUCCESSFUL DAY-CASE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION - AN EIGHT YEAR SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE129LEFT VENTRICULAR INDEX MASS ASSOCIATED WITH ESC HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY RISK SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH ICDs: A TERTIARY CENTRE HCM REGISTRY130A DGH EXPERIENCE OF DAY-CASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION131IS PRE-PROCEDURAL FASTING A NECESSITY FOR SAFE PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Elder A, Dunkerton S, Arnold R, Amos D, French A, Ryan E, Faddy S, McMullen M. Delays in Treatment of Rural STEMI: Stoic Patients or System Delays? Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elder A, Dunkerton S, Arnold R, French A, Amos D, Ryan E, Faddy S, McMullen M. Early Cardiologist Input via LIFENET ECG Transmission and Pre-Hospital Thrombolysis Achieves Improved Lysis Times for STEMI in a Rural Setting. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mische Lawson L, Cline J, French A, Ismael N. Patient perceptions of a 1-h art-making experience during blood and marrow transplant treatment. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 27195450 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with various forms of cancer receiving blood and marrow transplant (BMT) treatment at an outpatient clinic develop chemotherapy-related symptoms and an increased desire to use complementary and alternative medicine in order to address these symptoms. Art-making offers an inexpensive way to pass time and relieve symptoms during long hours in treatment. Twenty-one BMT patients painted a tile and participated in research. Researchers used semi-structured interviews to understand patients' experiences with art-making. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded independently by researchers who met to agree on themes. Ten themes emerged from the data including, meaningful activity (32.2%), expression (18.7%), passing time (13.2%), BMT process (12.1%), social outlet (8.1%), therapy-related symptoms (7.3%), negative aspects of painting (5.9%) and encouragement to paint (2.6%). The results of this study revealed that art-making experience can provide patients a meaningful activity during treatment and an outlet to express their feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Cline
- Brookdale Senior Living, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - A French
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - N Ismael
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Lu CC, Liu MM, Culshaw G, French A, Corcoran B. Comparison of cellular changes in Cavalier King Charles spaniel and mixed breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 18:100-9. [PMID: 26860643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine if there are differences in cellular changes in Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) myxomatous mitral valves compared to non-CKCS dogs. ANIMALS Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n = 6) and age-matched mixed breed (n = 6) with severe myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and normal mixed breed (n = 4) dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining and qualitative and quantitative analysis of mitral valves sections, examining for the presence of CD11c and CD45, vimentin, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Smemb), von Willebrand factor and CD31 and Ki-67. RESULTS Vimentin positive cell numbers were increased in the MMVD dogs and distributed throughout the valve with greatest density close to the endothelium. There were no significant differences in cell marker expression for the two diseased groups, but cell numbers were significantly increased compared to controls for α-SMA (CKCS only) and Smemb (CKCS and mixed breed: p < 0.05). Alpha smooth muscle actin+ cells were primarily located at the valve edge, with Smemb+ cells similarly located, but also present throughout the valve stroma. A small number of cells close to the valve edge co-expressed α-SMA and Smemb. Endothelial von Willebrand factor expression was identified in all valves, with evidence of disrupted endothelium in the diseased, but was also found in diseased valve stroma. There was no staining for CD11c, CD45 or CD31 in any valve. Ki-67+ cells formed linear clusters at the leaflet tip and were sparsely distributed throughout both myxomatous valve groups. CONCLUSIONS The cellular changes notes with advanced stage MMVD appear similar for CKCS when compared to mixed breed dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Lu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - M-M Liu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G Culshaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A French
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland, G61 1QH, UK
| | - B Corcoran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easterbush, Roslin, Mid-Lothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Sarkar M, Aouzierat B, Bacchetti P, Prokunina-Olsson L, French A, Seaberg E, O'Brien TR, Kuniholm MH, Minkoff H, Plankey M, Strickler HD, Peters MG. Association of IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms with liver-related mortality in a multiracial cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected women. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:1055-60. [PMID: 26115445 PMCID: PMC4618098 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
African Americans coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have lower liver-related mortality than Caucasians and Hispanics. While genetic polymorphisms near the IFNL3 and IFNL4 genes explain a significant fraction of racial differences in several HCV-related outcomes, the impact of these variants on liver-related mortality has not been investigated. We conducted a cohort study of HIV/HCV-coinfected women followed in the multicentre, NIH-funded Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to investigate whether 10 polymorphisms spanning the IFN-λ region were associated with liver-related mortality by dominant, recessive or additive genetic models. We also considered whether these polymorphisms contributed to previously reported differences in liver-related death by race/ethnicity (ascertained by self-report and ancestry informative markers). Among 794 coinfected women, there were 471 deaths including 55 liver-related deaths during up to 18 years of follow-up. On adjusted analysis, rs12980275 GG genotype compared to AG+AA hazards ratios [(HR) 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.90, P = 0.029] and rs8109886 AA genotype compared to CC+AC (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45-0.99, P = 0.047) were most strongly associated with liver-related death although these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for race/ethnicity (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.16-1.04, P = 0.060 and HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.51-1.19, P = 0.25, respectively). African American women had persistently lower liver-related death independent of IFN-λ variants (HRs ≤ 0.44, P values ≤ 0.04). The lower risk of death among African American HIV/HCV-coinfected women is not explained by genetic variation in the IFN-λ region suggesting, that other genetic, behavioural and/or environmental factors may contribute to racial/ethnic differences in liver-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Aouzierat
- Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Bacchetti
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A French
- Medicine, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Seaberg
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T R O'Brien
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M H Kuniholm
- Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - H Minkoff
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Plankey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - H D Strickler
- Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M G Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rhodin M, Roepstorff L, French A, Keegan KG, Pfau T, Egenvall A. Head and pelvic movement asymmetry during lungeing in horses with symmetrical movement on the straight. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:315-20. [PMID: 25808700 PMCID: PMC5032979 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Reasons for performing study Lungeing is commonly used as part of standard lameness examinations in horses. Knowledge of how lungeing influences motion symmetry in sound horses is needed. Objectives The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the symmetry of vertical head and pelvic motion during lungeing in a large number of horses with symmetric motion during straight line evaluation. Study design Cross‐sectional prospective study. Methods A pool of 201 riding horses, all functioning well and considered sound by their owners, were evaluated in trot on a straight line and during lungeing to the left and right. From this pool, horses with symmetric vertical head and pelvic movement during the straight line trot (n = 94) were retained for analysis. Vertical head and pelvic movements were measured with body mounted uniaxial accelerometers. Differences between vertical maximum and minimum head (HDmax, HDmin) and pelvic (PDmax, PDmin) heights between left and right forelimb and hindlimb stances were compared between straight line trot and lungeing in either direction. Results Vertical head and pelvic movements during lungeing were more asymmetric than during trot on a straight line. Common asymmetric patterns seen in the head were more upward movement during push‐off of the outside forelimb and less downward movement during impact of the inside limb. Common asymmetric patterns seen in the pelvis were less upward movement during push‐off of the outside hindlimb and less downward movement of the pelvis during impact of the inside hindlimb. Asymmetric patterns in one lunge direction were frequently not the same as in the opposite direction. Conclusions Lungeing induces systematic asymmetries in vertical head and pelvic motion patterns in horses that may not be the same in both directions. These asymmetries may mask or mimic fore‐ or hindlimb lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Roepstorff
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A French
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - K G Keegan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - T Pfau
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - A Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Cooper A, Lambert-Messerlian G, Eklund E, Dukes J, Colvin R, French A, White A, Ratts V. Large prospective clinical study measuring ovarian reserve in females 4-50 years of age with autoimmune disease from 2008-2014: are “benign” therapies really safe? Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Chow B, French A. Conversion of atrial fibrillation after levothyroxine in a dog with hypothyroidism and arterial thromboembolism. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:278-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Chow
- Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; P.O. Box 6100 Starkville MS 39762-6100 USA
| | - A. French
- Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; P.O. Box 6100 Starkville MS 39762-6100 USA
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Sterling K, Gallop K, Swinburn P, Flood E, French A, Al Sawah S, Iikuni N, Naegeli A, Nixon A. Patient-reported fatigue and its impact on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 23:124-32. [PMID: 24197552 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313511554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is a hallmark symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often associated with flares, side effects of treatment, and extensive organ damage and may have a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HrQoL). To date, the experience of fatigue in patients with SLE is underexplored. This study explored the experience of fatigue in patients with SLE and its impact on their lives through qualitative interviews. This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with 22 adult patients with SLE, recruited from two clinical sites in the United States. In-person semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was performed focusing on the experience of fatigue in SLE. Results indicated that 21 out of 22 patients experienced fatigue due to SLE. Patients reported that fatigue was variable in nature in terms of both severity and frequency. Fatigue was described as having an impact on multiple aspects of a patient's life: emotions, cognition, work, activities of daily living, leisure activities, social activities, and family activities. Understanding how patients with SLE describe the symptom of fatigue and how it impacts their lives is the key to better understanding how to measure fatigue in clinical studies evaluating new treatments for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kl Sterling
- 1Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Riley G, Hopkins S, Piccini I, Brown N, Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Raju H, Bevan S, Sheppard MN, Behr ER, Ng FS, Sulkin MS, Peters NS, Efimov IR, Vanheusden FJ, Li X, Chu GS, Almeida TP, Schlindwein FS, Ng GA, Crockford CJ, Ahmed O, Kaba R, Berry R, Dhillon OS, Ullah W, Hunter R, Lovell M, Dhinoja M, Sporton S, Earley MJ, Diab IG, Schilling RJ, Goonewardene M, Heck PM, Begley DA, Fynn S, Virdee M, Grace A, Agarwal SC, Wilson DG, Ahmed N, Nolan R, French A, Frontera A, Duncan ER, Thomas G. MODERATED POSTERS, SESSION 1, HRC 2013. Europace 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Häggström J, Boswood A, O'Grady M, Jöns O, Smith S, Swift S, Borgarelli M, Gavaghan B, Kresken JG, Patteson M, Åblad B, Bussadori CM, Glaus T, Kovačević A, Rapp M, Santilli RA, Tidholm A, Eriksson A, Belanger MC, Deinert M, Little CJL, Kvart C, French A, Rønn-Landbo M, Wess G, Eggertsdottir A, Lynne O'Sullivan M, Schneider M, Lombard CW, Dukes-McEwan J, Willis R, Louvet A, DiFruscia R. Longitudinal analysis of quality of life, clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease receiving pimobendan or benazepril: the QUEST study. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1441-51. [PMID: 24010489 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. OBJECTIVES To compare, throughout the period of follow-up of dogs that had not yet reached the primary endpoint, the longitudinal effects of pimobendan versus benazepril hydrochloride treatment on quality-of-life (QoL) variables, concomitant congestive heart failure (CHF) treatment, and other outcome variables in dogs suffering from CHF secondary to MMVD. ANIMALS A total of 260 dogs in CHF because of MMVD. METHODS A prospective single-blinded study with dogs randomized to receive pimobendan (0.4-0.6 mg/kg/day) or benazepril hydrochloride (0.25-1.0 mg/kg/day). Differences in outcome variables and time to intensification of CHF treatment were compared. RESULTS A total of 124 dogs were randomized to pimobendan and 128 to benazepril. No difference was found between groups in QoL variables during the trial. Time from inclusion to 1st intensification of CHF treatment was longer in the pimobendan group (pimobendan 98 days, IQR 30-276 days versus benazepril 59 days, IQR 11-121 days; P = .0005). Postinclusion, dogs in the pimobendan group had smaller heart size based on VHS score (P = .013) and left ventricular diastolic (P = .035) and systolic (P = .0044) dimensions, higher body temperature (P = .030), serum sodium (P = .0027), and total protein (P = .0003) concentrations, and packed cell volume (P = .030). Incidence of arrhythmias was similar in treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Pimobendan versus benazepril resulted in similar QoL during the study, but conferred increased time before intensification of CHF treatment. Pimobendan treatment resulted in smaller heart size, higher body temperature, and less retention of free water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Häggström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Han R, Clark C, Black A, French A, Culshaw G, Kempson S, Corcoran B. Morphological changes to endothelial and interstitial cells and to the extra-cellular matrix in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease (endocardiosis). Vet J 2013; 197:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Patel S, French A, Mathias H, Lyen S, Hamilton M, Manghat N. Presence of left atrial diverticula, accessory appendages, and normal variant pulmonary venous anatomy diagnosed using MDCT and adverse outcomes following radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation: An exploratory study. Clin Radiol 2013; 68:762-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Mõtsküla PF, Linney C, Palermo V, Connolly DJ, French A, Dukes McEwan J, Fuentes VL. Prognostic value of 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring in Boxer dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:904-12. [PMID: 23679064 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boxer dogs are reported to be predisposed to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), but the natural history has not been well characterized and inconsistent diagnostic criteria have been applied to identify affected dogs. Echocardiographic examination findings are unremarkable in many affected Boxer dogs, and in these dogs, 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring often is used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, despite limited information available relating Holter findings to outcome. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Boxers with complex ventricular arrhythmias at initial presentation will have shorter survival times. The objective was to investigate the prognostic value of Holter monitoring in Boxer dogs. ANIMALS One hundred and twenty-two Boxer dogs seen at 3 university referral hospitals. METHODS Retrospective study. Survival times were obtained for Boxer dogs evaluated by echocardiography and a 24-hour Holter ECG. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the median survival time and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with cardiac mortality. RESULTS Outcome data were obtained for 122/163 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the 70 dogs that had died, 45 were considered to have suffered cardiac-related deaths. Median survival was significantly longer in dogs with a left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) ≤ 35 mm compared with those with LVIDs > 35 mm (P < .001). Multivariable analysis in dogs with LVIDs ≤ 35 mm showed that the presence of ventricular tachycardia, age >4.5 years, and male sex were independent predictors of cardiac mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Holter monitoring in Boxer dogs provides valuable prognostic information.
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Wada N, Jacobson LP, Cohen M, French A, Phair J, Munoz A. Wada et al. Respond to "AIDS and Depressive Symptoms". Am J Epidemiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
Peptide growth factors and other receptor-binding cytokine ligands are of interest in contemporary molecular health care approaches in applications such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and gene therapy. Development of effective technologies based on operation of these regulatory molecules requires an ability to deliver the ligands to target cells in a reliable and well-characterizable manner. Quantitative information concerning the fate of peptide ligands within tissues is necessary for adequate interpretation of experimental observations at the tissue level and for truly rational engineering design of ligand-based therapies. To address this need, we are undertaking efforts to elucidate effects of key molecular and cellular parameters on temporal and spatial distribution of cytokines in cell population and cell/matrix systems. In this article we summarize some of our recent findings on dynamics of growth factor depletion by cellular endocytic trafficking, growth factor transport through cellular matrices, and growth factor production and release by autocrine cell systems. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lauffenburger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Stieh DJ, Allan SA, Shukair SA, Cianci GC, Fought AJ, French A, Hope TJ. Influence of hormones and HIV infection on viral transport. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441968 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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25
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Johnson TW, French A, Tan TY, Strange JW. Diagnosing an MI: don't trust the monitor! Heart 2010; 96:1254. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.198515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Augenbraun M, French A, Glesby M, Sanchez-Keeland L, Young M, Greenblatt R, Sharma A. Hepatitis C virus infection and biological false-positive syphilis tests. Sex Transm Infect 2010; 86:97-8. [PMID: 20332367 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2009.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of syphilis requires two-step serological testing. Not infrequently, sensitive screening tests are reactive but are not confirmed by more specific confirmatory tests yielding a biological false positive (BFP). This study sought to describe the prevalence of BFP in a large population of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and uninfected women. METHODS A cross-sectional serosurvey of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multicentre collaborative study of the natural history of HIV in women. RESULTS Among HCV-infected women 4% had a BFP compared with 1% among those who were HCV uninfected (odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.1). Controlling for both HIV infection and a history of intravenous drug use among all tests for syphilis a BFP also occurred more commonly in HCV-infected women compared with HCV-uninfected women (6% vs 1%, OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.9 to 12.5). CONCLUSION HCV infection is associated with various effects on immune function including alterations in serological test results. Women with HCV are more likely to have a BFP syphilis test than women without HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Augenbraun
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA.
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27
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Munday J, Howe L, French A, Squires R, Sugiarto H. Detection of papillomaviral DNA sequences in a feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:359-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Aggarwal G, French A, Glenn D, Youssef G. Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics of Significant Pericardial Effusions and Outcomes Following CT Fluoroscopy Guided Pericardiocentesis—Experience at a Single Centre over 5 Years. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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French A, Weaver J, Ramsay D, Binnekamp M, Rees D, Prasan A, McCrohon J. Evaluation of Myocardial Salvage and Intramyocardial Haemorrhage on T2 Weighted Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Reperfused STEMI. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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French A, Aggarwal G, Jepson N, Pitney M, Giles R, Friedman D, Lau A, Allan R. Real world incidence of periprocedural bleeding complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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French A, Jepson N, Pitney M, Friedman D, Lau A, Giles R, Allan R. Comparison of clinical outcomes with sirolimus (SES) and zotarolimus (ZES) stents in real world practice—One-year follow-up data from a single centre. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Traas
- Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA
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33
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Pereira YM, Woolley R, Culshaw G, French A, Martin M. The vasovagal tonus index as a prognostic indicator in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:587-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Häggström J, Boswood A, O'Grady M, Jöns O, Smith S, Swift S, Borgarelli M, Gavaghan B, Kresken JG, Patteson M, Ablad B, Bussadori CM, Glaus T, Kovacević A, Rapp M, Santilli RA, Tidholm A, Eriksson A, Belanger MC, Deinert M, Little CJL, Kvart C, French A, Rønn-Landbo M, Wess G, Eggertsdottir AV, O'Sullivan ML, Schneider M, Lombard CW, Dukes-McEwan J, Willis R, Louvet A, DiFruscia R. Effect of pimobendan or benazepril hydrochloride on survival times in dogs with congestive heart failure caused by naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease: the QUEST study. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1124-35. [PMID: 18638016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric dogs despite conventional therapy. HYPOTHESIS Pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy will extend time to sudden cardiac death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure when compared with conventional therapy plus benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to MMVD. ANIMALS Two hundred and sixty client-owned dogs in CHF caused by MMVD were recruited from 28 centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia. METHODS A prospective single-blinded study with dogs randomized to PO receive pimobendan (0.4-0.6 mg/kg/d) or benazepril hydrochloride (0.25-1.0 mg/kg/d). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, euthanized for heart failure, or treatment failure. RESULTS Eight dogs were excluded from analysis. One hundred and twenty-four dogs were randomized to pimobendan and 128 to benazepril. One hundred and ninety dogs reached the primary endpoint; the median time was 188 days (267 days for pimobendan, 140 days for benazepril hazard ratio = 0.688, 95% confidence limits [CL]=0.516-0.916, P= .0099). The benefit of pimobendan persisted after adjusting for all baseline variables. A longer time to reach the endpoint was also associated with being a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, requiring a lower furosemide dose, and having a higher creatinine concentration. Increases in several indicators of cardiac enlargement (left atrial to aortic root ratio, vertebral heart scale, and percentage increase in left ventricular internal diameter in systole) were associated with a shorter time to endpoint, as was a worse tolerance for exercise. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Pimobendan plus conventional therapy prolongs time to sudden death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD compared with benazepril plus conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Häggström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A, Sboros V, Simpson K, Anderson T, McDicken WN. Colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in healthy cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:330-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Humphrey CA, French A, Morris TC. Prospective in vitro testing for drug-induced neutropenia in a patient requiring anti-malarial prophylaxis: confirmation of findings on exposure of patient to drug. Clin Lab Haematol 2008; 12:31-6. [PMID: 2344714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1990.tb01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A patient with moderate pancytopenia thought to be due to chloroquine ingestion was shown to have granulocyte progenitors (CFU-G) which were abnormally sensitive in vitro to chloroquine. As he required further anti-malarial prophylaxis, his marrow was prospectively tested in vitro with proguanil and its metabolite cycloguanil. The patient's CFU-G were also abnormally sensitive to these agents and predicted neutropenia was verified when the patient had a trial course of proguanil. We believe this is the first instance of in vivo confirmation of in vitro CFU-G drug sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Humphrey
- Haematology Laboratory, Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern, Ireland
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Abstract
A 10-year-old male cairn terrier cross was presented with a history of myxomatous mitral valve disease diagnosed six months previously and with a four-week history of intermittent collapse. On 24 hour electrocardiograph (Holter) analysis, periods of no discernable electrical cardiac activity, which coincided with three collapsing episodes, were identified. Unfortunately, on re-presentation for removal of the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and died. A post-mortem examination was conducted, and histology of the right and left atrium showed evidence of myocarditis. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of collapse because of electrical asystole in a dog with atrial myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Woolley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the clinical findings associated with pulsus alternans in English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy and to review the phenomenon of mechanical alternans, usually found in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. METHODS The case records of 10 English cocker spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy and pulsus alternans were reviewed. All dogs had been referred in moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Pulsus alternans was clinically recognised by palpation of a regular alternation of femoral pulse amplitude and confirmed by echocardiography in all cases. Pulsus alternans was an intermittent finding in all 10 dogs. RESULTS Phonocardiographic recordings were obtained in three dogs to document variation in the intensity of the heart sounds, with one case exhibiting absence of the second heart sound in alternate beats. M-mode echocardiography performed in all dogs showed alternation of the pattern of mitral valve diastolic motion. Doppler echocardiography showed marked alternation in stroke volume in the aortic outflow in all cases. It also showed alternation in mitral regurgitation and in the velocity of early ventricular filling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pulsus alternans may be more prevalent in English cocker spaniels than in other breeds, and because of its intermittent nature, its incidence may be higher than that previously reported. It has diagnostic relevance as it usually indicates severe myocardial depression. Echocardiography allows non-invasive detection of mechanical alternans and provides further insights into its pathophysiology and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moneva-Jordan
- Calder Veterinary Hospital, Savile Road, Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, WF12 9LN
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Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A, Sboros V, Simpson K, McDicken WN. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20:65-77. [PMID: 16496925 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[65:ptdiin]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial motion was quantified in normal cats (n = 25) and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n = 23) using the pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technique. A physiologic nonuniformity was documented in the myocardial motion of normal cats, which was detected as higher early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration in the interventricular septum compared with the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). HCM cats exhibited lower early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration and also prolonged isovolumic relaxation time compared with normal cats. These differences were detected mainly along the longitudinal axis of the heart. A cutoff value of E' in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis >7.2 cm/s discriminated normal from HCM cats with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 87%. The physiologic nonuniformity of myocardial motion during diastole was lost in affected cats. Systolic impairment (decreased late-systolic velocities in most segments along the longitudinal axis and decreased early systolic acceleration in both mitral annular sites) was evident in HCM cats irrespective of the presence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and congestive heart failure. Postsystolic thickening was recorded in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis only in affected cats (n = 6) and was another finding indicative of systolic impairment in the HCM of this species. This study identified both diastolic and systolic impairment in cats with HCM compared with normal cats. The study also documents the normal physiologic nonhomogeneity in myocardial motion in cats and the subsequent loss of this feature in the HCM diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koffas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran B, Moran C, French A, Sboros V, Simpson K, McDicken W. Pulsed Tissue Doppler Imaging in Normal Cats and Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Ruddock N, Wilson K, Cooney M, Tecirlioglu R, Hall V, French A, Holland M. 68 GENE EXPRESSION COMPARISONS BETWEEN BOVINE IN VIVO AND CLONED EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental pathways in the mammalian embryo are profoundly influenced by the epigenetic interaction of the environment and the genome. Loss of epigenetic control has been implicated in aberrant gene expression and altered imprinting patterns with consequence to the physiology and viability of the conceptus. Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is contingent on in vitro culture, and both SCNT and culture conditions are known to induce changes in embryonic gene expression patterns. Using these experimental models, this study compared gene expression of Day 7 cloned blastocysts created from three different SCNT protocols using the same cell line, with Day 7 in vivo blastocysts to elucidate mechanisms responsible for variations in phenotypic outcomes. SCNT methods included: (1) traditional SCNT by subzonal injection (SI); (2) handmade cloning (HMC); and (3) modified serial nuclear transfer (SNT), developed within the group. Four imprinted genes (Grb10, Ndn, Nnat, and Ube3a), four chromatin remodeling genes (Cbx1, Cbx3, Smarca4, and Smarcb1) and two genes implicated in polycystic liver disease (Prkcsh and Sec63) were analyzed in single blastocysts from each treatment (n = 5). All blastocysts expressed Actin, Oct-4 and Ifn-tau. All genes were sequence verified. Several genes were expressed ubiquitously across all groups, including Ndn, Ube3a, Cbx1, Cbx3, and Smarcb1. Interestingly, Grb10 was not expressed in two HMCs and one SNT blastocyst. Nnat was weakly expressed in one in vivo blastocyst and in the majority of cloned blastocysts in all groups. Prkcsh and Sec63 were expressed in all but one HMC blastocyst. While gene expression patterns were mostly maintained following SCNT, the imprinted genes Nnat and Grb10 showed instances of differential or abnormal expression in SCNT embryos. The chromatin remodeling genes were maintained in all SCNT treatments. Prkcsh and Sec63 were both absent in one HMC blastocyst, with implications for liver dysfunction, a condition previously reported in abnormal cloned offspring. The variable mRNA expression following SCNT provides an insight into genetic and environmental factors controlling implantation, placentation, organ formation, and fetal growth.
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Sinicrope FA, Halling KC, French A, Burgart LJ, Foster N, Sargent DJ, Goldberg RM, O’Connell MJ, Witzig TE, Thibodeau SN. DNA ploidy is a stronger prognostic variable compared to microsatellite instability or 18q allelic loss in patients with stages II and III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hall V, Ruddock N, Tecirlioglu R, Cooney M, French A. 220 AN EXPRESSION PROFILE OF GENES CRUCIAL FOR PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN SINGLE IN VIVO, IN VITRO AND CLONED BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv17n2ab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the placenta are a major factor contributing to early death in cloned bovine conceptuses. This is primarily due to incomplete chromatin remodeling and reprogramming of the donor nucleus. It is unknown whether genetic aberrations of genes crucial for placental development can be detected in pre-implantation cloned bovine embryos. This study looked at the expression profile of four genes in single bovine blastocysts derived from in vivo, in vitro produced (IVP), or cloning techniques, including handmade cloning (HMC) and serial HMC (SHMC). The genes studied included acrogranin, caudal type homeobox 2 (cdx2), estrogen-receptor-related receptor beta (essrb), and the mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ). These genes play a role in trophoblast regulation and placental development. Messenger RNA expression was analyzed by using PCR following cDNA amplification by means of SMART cDNA synthesis (Clontech, Palo alto, CA, USA). Primers were designed from homologous human and mouse sequence. PCR products were sequenced for verification. Five single blastocysts were analyzed from each of the following treatments: in vivo, IVP, HMC, and SHMC. Pooled (n = 10) IVP blastocyst cDNA produced by standard RT was used as a positive control. Grade 1 Day 7 blastocysts were selected for all treatments. Amplified cDNA was tested using control genes polyA, IFN-τ and GDF9. In vitro-produced embryos were matured, fertilized and cultured as published by Ruddock et al. (2004 Biol. Reprod. 70, 1131). Cloned HMC embryos were produced as described by Tecirlioglu et al. (2003 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 15, 361). Serial HMC embryos were produced as per the HMC embryos, followed by a second round of nuclear transfer at the pronuclear stage. The pooled IVP, in vivo, and IVP blastocysts expressed all four genes of interest. In the HMC-cloned embryos, all four genes were expressed. However, in the SHMC cloned embryos, although MRJ was found to be expressed in all blastocysts, three of the five blastocysts did not express acrogranin. Similarly, two SHMC embryos did not express cdx2, and essrb was weakly expressed in three of the five embryos analyzed. Initial pregnancy rates of HMC and SHMC embryo transfers are similar. Further pregnancy results are pending. These results indicate that aberrations of genes crucial for placental development can be detected in single cloned blastocysts. It also suggests that failed implantation and/or placental defects may stem from patterned genetic defects in the pre-implantation embryo. An increase in the number of embryos analyzed would further strengthen results. These genes could act as markers to identify cloning techniques that produce more embryos with normal genetic profiles. The benefits of developing a screening tool to assess abnormalities in single pre-implantation embryos would be significant.
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Abstract
Two limitations currently restrict the acceptability and adoption of bovine cloning as a commercial reality. The first of these is its low rate of efficiency and the second is that some of the cloned calves are not healthy. Abnormalities in the placenta are thought to contribute to many of the losses in early gestation; however, less is known of the pathology of clone deaths in the perinatal period. To date, the majority of perinatal deaths have been attributed to the “large offspring syndrome” characterized by increased birth weight and a range of morphological abnormalities thought to be associated with in vitro culture and manipulation. This report describes multi-systemic abnormalities in aborted, stillborn, and neonatal genetically modified and unmodified cloned calves weighing less than 60 kg at birth and aged between 6 months gestation and 3 weeks postnatal, generated in various experiments. Three of 14 genetically modified cloned calves had cystic renal dysplasia and osteopetrosis. All three and a fourth had irregular nodular, fibrotic livers with biliary abnormalities. Another two had marked flexion of the fetlock joints. Eleven calves derived from an unmodified cloned cell line by nuclear transfer had nodular, fibrotic livers with biliary anomalies, 9 of 11 had cystic renal dysplasia and cardiomegaly, two had osteopetrosis, and two had contracted tendons. In addition, three calves had polymicrocerebral gyri, two had retinal dysplasia, and one had an aortic aneurysm. Only one calf from a second unmodified cloned cell line produced by nuclear transfer had no significant congenital abnormalities. All calves were negative for bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) by competitive-antigen ELISA, and by virus isolation and no BVDV antibodies were detected by AGID assay. Furthermore, all cell lines and media used were negative for BVDV by virus isolation. Two calves were tested and found to be negative for Akabane virus and Aino virus. There are very few reports of the pathological abnormalities of cloned animals. Similar multi-systemic abnormalities have not been found in non-cloned calves, but several analogous conditions occur in humans, including Simpson-Golabi-Behmel and Zellwegers syndromes. Further ultrastructure studies and genetic analysis are needed to investigate the mechanisms of these multi-systemic disorders, which may ultimately elucidate mechanisms for improved reprogramming and increase the efficiency of generating cloned animals with somatic cells by nuclear transfer.
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Wilson K, Cooney M, French A, Holland M, Verma P, Ruddock N. 235 THE INVESTIGATION OF mRNA EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL CHROMATIN REMODELLING GENES DURING BOVINE PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv17n2ab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of obtaining live calves from somatic cell nuclear transfer remains quite low. One factor implicated in this failure is inadequate chromatin remodelling of the donor nucleus. Five Polycomb group (PcG) genes were investigated as potential remodelling factors in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. These genes (Cbx6, Eed, Edr1, Yy1, and Zfp144) are involved in transcriptional activation and cell cycle regulation. We hypothesize that inadequate expression may cause the developmental abnormalities seen following cloning. This study is aimed at characterizing normal expression, prior to comparative studies with cloned embryos. Three single abattoir-derived in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes or in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos from each of the following stages: 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16–32 cell, morula, Day 7 blastocyst, and Day 8 hatched blastocyst, were studied. Messenger RNA was isolated from individual samples with Dynabeads (Dynal, Inc., Lake Success, NY, USA) and then cDNA was created and amplified with a SMART cDNA synthesis kit (BD Biosciences Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Products were diluted 1:10 and used to amplify target genes by PCR. PCR products were sequenced for confirmation of identity. All amplified embryo samples expressed the housekeeping genes Poly(A) polymerase and actin. Similarly, all embryos up to the 8-cell stage expressed GDF9, an oocyte-specific gene, while IFN-tau, involved in maternal recognition of pregnancy, was expressed in one morula and all blastocyst samples. Cbx6 was not expressed at any stage. The other four genes were all expressed fairly consistently throughout the pre-implantation period. Eed transcript was detected in all samples, with the exception of one oocyte, one 4-cell embryo, and one 8-cell embryo. Edr1 transcript was detected in all samples except for two oocytes, one 16–32-cell embryo, and one Day 7 blastocyst. Yy1 was expressed in all but one oocyte, one 2-cell embryo, two 4-cell embryos, and one Day 7 blastocyst. Finally, Zfp144 transcript was detected in one oocyte and in all embryos until the 16–32 stage, and then was not detected until seen in one Day 7 and all Day 8 blastocysts. Cbx6, yet to be fully characterized in any species, is also known as the neuronal pentraxin receptor, and is involved in transport and clearance of synaptic debris. It is known to have the characteristic chromobox domain of the Cbx family, of which several family members play a role during pre-implantation development. Eed, Edr1, Yy1, and Zfp144 are expressed throughout the pre-implantation period, although levels of Zfp144 mRNA appear to drop during the embryonic genome activation and then reappear by the late blastocyst stage. This consistent expression may suggest a role for the proteins in chromatin remodelling or modulating patterns of gene expression in early development. Further studies are required to determine if these factors are expressed incorrectly in cloned embryos, potentially providing a link to the abnormalities observed post nuclear transfer.
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Abstract
Medical records of 81 dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis from 2 referral centers were examined retrospectively. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty (BV), which was performed by 1 operator, whereas 41 did not. The mean age at latest follow-up was 41.5 months. A statistical comparison of the clinical outcome and survival was performed. Dogs revealing clinical signs at presentation showed a 16-fold increase in risk of death compared with asymptomatic dogs (P < .001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that an increase of 1 mm Hg in transstenotic pressure gradient (PG) at presentation was associated with a 3% increase in hazard rate (P < .001). Thirty-seven dogs survived BV with a median reduction in PG of 46%. The median preoperative PG was 120 mm Hg, and median PG 24 hours postoperatively was 55 mm Hg with a median of 55 mm Hg 6 months post-BV. Twenty (49%) of the non-BV (NBV) dogs remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. Fourteen (34%) of the NBV dogs died or were euthanized because of heart disease related to pulmonic stenosis. Twelve of these dogs died suddenly, whereas only 1 of the BV dogs died suddenly. After adjusting for PG, clinical signs at presentation, and age, BV or dilation was associated with a 53% reduction in hazard rate (P = .005). This study indicates that BV, when performed by an experienced operator, appears to be successful both in alleviating clinical signs and in prolonging survival in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stafford Johnson
- Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth Warwickshire, United Kingdom.
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Sauve V, Parent C, Seiler G, French A, VanWinkle TJ, King LG. ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN CATS: 65 CASES (1993-2003). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2004.t01-11-04035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Höglund K, French A, Dukes-McEwan J, Häggström J, Smith P, Corcoran B, Kvart C. Low intensity heart murmurs in boxer dogs: inter-observer variation and effects of stress testing. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45:178-85. [PMID: 15116885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inter-observer variation in the detection and grading of low intensity heart murmurs in boxer dogs was investigated. Six veterinarians with different levels of experience examined 27 boxers by cardiac auscultation. The dogs were auscultated before and after exercise, and the results were compared with phonocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations performed at rest and during two different stress tests. A subvalvular aortic ridge was identified in six dogs on two-dimensional echocardiography. Using dogs with low intensity murmurs or dogs free of heart murmurs, inter-observer agreement was positively correlated to the level of experience at rest (weighted kappa [kappa] 0.14 to 0.75), while the agreement was poor after exercise (weighted kappa 0.01 to 0.36). The presence of a subvalvular aortic ridge was associated with higher aortic flow velocities (P<0.002) and higher auscultatory murmur grading (P<0.001). There was an increase in murmur duration during one kind of stress test (P<0.001) and in aortic flow velocity during the other (P=0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Höglund
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7045, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A, Sboros V, Anderson T, Smith P, Simpson K, McDicken WN. Peak mean myocardial velocities and velocity gradients measured by color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 2003; 17:510-24. [PMID: 12892302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the feasibility of recording the myocardial velocity gradients (MVGs) and mean myocardial velocities (MMVs) measured by color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the free wall of unsedated normal cats (n = 18) with a 7.4-MHz probe equipped to record TDI images. The peak MVG and MMV values during the different phases of the cardiac cycle corresponded to certain color velocity patterns occurring in the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). Biphasic shifts were recorded in the tracings of both the MVG and MMV during early diastole (E1 and E2) as well as during the isovolumic relaxation (IVR) and isovolumic contraction (IVC) phases. Stepwise regression analysis showed that age was the only significant predictor for the peak MVG values during the 2nd phase of early diastole (E2) (r = -0.79, r2 = 0.63, and P < .001). The peak late diastolic MVG values were associated positively with age (r = 0.50, r2 = 0.25, and P < .05). The peak MMV values showed a negative association with age during E2 (r = -0.71, r2 = 0.50, and P < .001) as well as during early systole (Se) (r = -0.55, r2 = 0.30, and P < .05) and late systole (SI) (r = -0.62, r2 = 0.39, and P < .01). A positive association was found between age and the peak MMV values during late diastole (r = 0.54, r2 =- 0.29, and P < .05). The MVG values showed cyclic variations consistent with wall thickness changes. The accuracy of velocity determination and the spatial resolution of the system used were validated with a phantom. To our knowledge, this study is the 1st report of the application of this technique to the myocardium of cats,providing insights into the physiology of myocardial motion. It provides reference ranges of the peak MVG and MMV values for future studies of feline myocardial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koffas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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