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Cameron AB, Choi JJE, Ip A, Lyons N, Yaparathna N, Dehaghani AE, Feih S. Assessment of the trueness of additively manufactured mol3% zirconia crowns at different printing orientations with an industrial and desktop 3D printer compared to subtractive manufacturing. J Dent 2024; 144:104942. [PMID: 38494044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study endeavours to investigate the effect of printing orientation on the trueness of additively manufactured molar zirconia crowns. The areal surface roughness and the characteristics of the marginal regions of the crowns were also considered. METHODS Twelve molar crowns were manufactured at 0°, 45°, and, 90° printing orientations in a Lithoz and AON zirconia printer, respectively. Twelve milled crowns were used as a comparison. Samples were scanned and analysed in metrology software to determine the trueness of the groups. Regions of interest were defined as the margins, intaglio surface and contact points. Areal surface roughness and print layer thickness were further analysed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS The results indicate that there are clear differences between the investigated desktop (AON) and industrial (Lithoz) 3D printer. The 45° Lithoz group is the only sample group showing no significantly different results in trueness for all regions analysed compared to the milled group. Areal surface roughness analysis indicates that the print layers in the marginal regions are within clinically tolerable limits and surface characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The printing orientation for zirconia crowns is critical to trueness, and differences are evident between different AM apparatuses. Considerations for design and orientation between different apparatuses should therefore be considered when utilising direct additive manufacturing processes. The areal surface roughness of the marginal regions is within acceptable clinical limits for all manufacturing processes and print orientations considered. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The materials and apparatuses for additive manufacturing of zirconia crowns are now clinically acceptable from the perspective of the trueness of a final crown for critical functional surfaces and areal surface roughness of the marginal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Cameron
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Nathan Lyons
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Queensland College of Art, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Navodika Yaparathna
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ali Ebrahimzadeh Dehaghani
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Stefanie Feih
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies (ADaPT) Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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