1
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Ruggeri K, Stock F, Haslam SA, Capraro V, Boggio P, Ellemers N, Cichocka A, Douglas KM, Rand DG, van der Linden S, Cikara M, Finkel EJ, Druckman JN, Wohl MJA, Petty RE, Tucker JA, Shariff A, Gelfand M, Packer D, Jetten J, Van Lange PAM, Pennycook G, Peters E, Baicker K, Crum A, Weeden KA, Napper L, Tabri N, Zaki J, Skitka L, Kitayama S, Mobbs D, Sunstein CR, Ashcroft-Jones S, Todsen AL, Hajian A, Verra S, Buehler V, Friedemann M, Hecht M, Mobarak RS, Karakasheva R, Tünte MR, Yeung SK, Rosenbaum RS, Lep Ž, Yamada Y, Hudson SKTJ, Macchia L, Soboleva I, Dimant E, Geiger SJ, Jarke H, Wingen T, Berkessel JB, Mareva S, McGill L, Papa F, Većkalov B, Afif Z, Buabang EK, Landman M, Tavera F, Andrews JL, Bursalıoğlu A, Zupan Z, Wagner L, Navajas J, Vranka M, Kasdan D, Chen P, Hudson KR, Novak LM, Teas P, Rachev NR, Galizzi MM, Milkman KL, Petrović M, Van Bavel JJ, Willer R. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19. Nature 2024; 625:134-147. [PMID: 38093007 PMCID: PMC10764287 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ruggeri
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA.
- Policy Research Group, Centre for Business Research, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- 274th ASOS, US Air Force/New York Air National Guard, Syracuse, NY, United States.
| | - Friederike Stock
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Paulo Boggio
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience, CNPq, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David G Rand
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Eli J Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael J A Wohl
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Petty
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua A Tucker
- Department of Politics & Center for Social Media and Politics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Azim Shariff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jolanda Jetten
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A M Van Lange
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Global Faculty, Social and Economic Behavior, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research, School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Alia Crum
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nassim Tabri
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Linda Skitka
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Dean Mobbs
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Ashcroft-Jones
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Louise Todsen
- Department of Social Policy and Evaluation, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlene Hecht
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rayyan S Mobarak
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Markus R Tünte
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siu Kit Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Žan Lep
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre for Applied Epistemology, Educational Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Eugen Dimant
- Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- CESifo, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra J Geiger
- Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Jarke
- Policy Research Group, Centre for Business Research, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias Wingen
- University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana B Berkessel
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Silvana Mareva
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lucy McGill
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Papa
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eike K Buabang
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marna Landman
- Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felice Tavera
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jack L Andrews
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University College, Oxford, UK
| | - Aslı Bursalıoğlu
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zorana Zupan
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lisa Wagner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joaquín Navajas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - David Kasdan
- Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Patricia Chen
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Paul Teas
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikolay R Rachev
- Department of General, Experimental, Developmental, and Health Psychology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Matteo M Galizzi
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | | | - Marija Petrović
- Department of Psychology & Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jay J Van Bavel
- Department of Psychology & Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robb Willer
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Kukafka R, Evans K, Murnane E, Santoro E, Baiocchi M, Landay J, Delp S, Crum A. Effects of Wearable Fitness Trackers and Activity Adequacy Mindsets on Affect, Behavior, and Health: Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e40529. [PMID: 36696172 PMCID: PMC9909519 DOI: 10.2196/40529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some initial evidence suggesting that mindsets about the adequacy and health consequences of one's physical activity (activity adequacy mindsets [AAMs]) can shape physical activity behavior, health, and well-being. However, it is unknown how to leverage these mindsets using wearable technology and other interventions. OBJECTIVE This research examined how wearable fitness trackers and meta-mindset interventions influence AAMs, affect, behavior, and health. METHODS A total of 162 community-dwelling adults were recruited via flyers and web-based platforms (ie, Craigslist and Nextdoor; final sample size after attrition or exclusion of 45 participants). Participants received an Apple Watch (Apple Inc) to wear for 5 weeks, which was equipped with an app that recorded step count and could display a (potentially manipulated) step count on the watch face. After a baseline week of receiving no feedback about step count, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups: they received either accurate step count (reference group; 41/162, 25.3%), 40% deflated step count (40/162, 24.7%), 40% inflated step count (40/162, 24.7%), or accurate step count+a web-based meta-mindset intervention teaching participants the value of adopting more positive AAMs (41/162, 25.3%). Participants were blinded to the condition. Outcome measures were taken in the laboratory by an experimenter at the beginning and end of participation and via web-based surveys in between. Longitudinal analysis examined changes within the accurate step count condition from baseline to treatment and compared them with changes in the deflated step count, inflated step count, and meta-mindset conditions. RESULTS Participants receiving accurate step counts perceived their activity as more adequate and healthier, adopted a healthier diet, and experienced improved mental health (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]-29) and aerobic capacity but also reduced functional health (PROMIS-29; compared with their no-step-count baseline). Participants exposed to deflated step counts perceived their activity as more inadequate; ate more unhealthily; and experienced more negative affect, reduced self-esteem and mental health, and increased blood pressure and heart rate (compared with participants receiving accurate step counts). Inflated step counts did not change AAM or most other outcomes (compared with accurate step counts). Participants receiving the meta-mindset intervention experienced improved AAM, affect, functional health, and self-reported physical activity (compared with participants receiving accurate step counts only). Actual step count did not change in either condition. CONCLUSIONS AAMs--induced by trackers or adopted deliberately--can influence affect, behavior, and health independently of actual physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03939572; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03939572.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher Evans
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Murnane
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erik Santoro
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Baiocchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James Landay
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott Delp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alia Crum
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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3
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Gruber J, Mendle J, Lindquist KA, Schmader T, Clark LA, Bliss-Moreau E, Akinola M, Atlas L, Barch DM, Barrett LF, Borelli JL, Brannon TN, Bunge SA, Campos B, Cantlon J, Carter R, Carter-Sowell AR, Chen S, Craske MG, Cuddy AJC, Crum A, Davachi L, Duckworth AL, Dutra SJ, Eisenberger NI, Ferguson M, Ford BQ, Fredrickson BL, Goodman SH, Gopnik A, Greenaway VP, Harkness KL, Hebl M, Heller W, Hooley J, Jampol L, Johnson SL, Joormann J, Kinzler KD, Kober H, Kring AM, Paluck EL, Lombrozo T, Lourenco SF, McRae K, Monin JK, Moskowitz JT, Natsuaki MN, Oettingen G, Pfeifer JH, Prause N, Saxbe D, Smith PK, Spellman BA, Sturm V, Teachman BA, Thompson RJ, Weinstock LM, Williams LA. The Future of Women in Psychological Science. Perspect Psychol Sci 2020; 16:483-516. [PMID: 32901575 PMCID: PMC8114333 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620952789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive discussion about gender gaps in representation and career advancement in the sciences. However, psychological science itself has yet to be the focus of discussion or systematic review, despite our field's investment in questions of equity, status, well-being, gender bias, and gender disparities. In the present article, we consider 10 topics relevant for women's career advancement in psychological science. We focus on issues that have been the subject of empirical study, discuss relevant evidence within and outside of psychological science, and draw on established psychological theory and social-science research to begin to chart a path forward. We hope that better understanding of these issues within the field will shed light on areas of existing gender gaps in the discipline and areas where positive change has happened, and spark conversation within our field about how to create lasting change to mitigate remaining gender differences in psychological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Gruber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Jane Mendle
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University
| | | | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, and the California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Lauren Atlas
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health and National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis.,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University.,Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Belinda Campos
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine.,Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Rona Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan
| | - Adrienne R Carter-Sowell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Africana Studies Program, Texas A&M University
| | - Serena Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Alia Crum
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Sunny J Dutra
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison Gopnik
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Mikki Hebl
- Department of Psychology, Rice University
| | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jill Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University
| | | | - Sheri L Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College.,Department of Psychology, Yale University
| | - Ann M Kring
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | | | | | - Joan K Monin
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darby Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Pamela K Smith
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Virginia Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Renee J Thompson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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4
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Crum A, Flanders C, Wheaton R, Morgan A, Kiss J, Ludy M. Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in First-Semester College Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Schendel R, Flythe M, Lawrence L. Influence of milk composition and foal microbiota on diarrhea incidence. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Flythe M, Lawrence L. Effect of a fat-supplemented concentrate on fecal cellulolytic bacteria. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Pyles M, Fowler A, Crum A, Hayes S, Gellin G, Flythe M, Lawrence L. PSI-6 Carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in foal feces. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - G Gellin
- USDA ARS Forage Animal Production Research Unit,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Flythe
- USDA ARS Forage Animal Production Research Unit,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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8
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Fowler A, Pyles M, Hayes S, Crum A, Bill V, Harris P, Krotky A, Lawrence L. PSI-2 Weight change affects mineral excretion and markers of bone turnover in horses. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - V Bill
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - P Harris
- Mars Horsecare UK,Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Krotky
- Mars Horsecare US,Dalton, OH, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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9
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Fowler A, Pyles M, Hayes S, Crum A, Bill V, Lawrence L. 464 Use of titanium dioxide as a marker for determining fecal output in horses. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Fowler
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M Pyles
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - S Hayes
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A Crum
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - V Bill
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Lawrence
- University of Kentucky,Lexington, KY, United States
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10
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André Q, Carmon Z, Wertenbroch K, Crum A, Frank D, Goldstein W, Huber J, van Boven L, Weber B, Yang H. Consumer Choice and Autonomy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40547-017-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Young C, Crum A, Morgan A, Ludy M. Comparison of Health Markers in First-Semester College Students: Self-Selected Versus Course-Based Assessment. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Crum
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts3Center for Advanced Study of Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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13
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Fowler A, Pyles M, Bill V, Hayes S, Crum A, Parsons J, Walling L, Moffett-Krotky A, Harris P, Lawrence L. Relationships between total body water, ultrasonic measures of fat depots and morphometric measurements in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Fowler A, Pyles MB, Harlow B, Hayes SH, Crum A, Lawrence LM. 0813 Evaluation of chromic oxide and titanium dioxide as external markers for estimating digestibility in horses. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Pyles MB, Fowler AL, Bill V, Harlow BE, Crum A, Hayes SH, Flythe MD, Lawrence LM. 0814 Effect of starch source in pelleted concentrates on fecal bacterial communities in thoroughbred mares. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Pyles MB, Fowler AL, Bill V, Harlow BE, Crum A, Hayes SH, Flythe MD, Lawrence LM. 0819 Age-related changes in select fecal bacteria in foals. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Ludy M, Tucker R, Crum A, Young C. Engaging Undergraduate Nutrition Students in Research: A Graduate Student Mentorship Approach. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Crum A, Horner R, Waters Y, Amin H, Ernst A, Weiss S, Sarangarm D. 277 Single-Item Health Literacy Screening Validation in Predicting Limited Health Literacy in an Academic Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Horner R, Crum A, Amin H, Waters Y, Ernst A, Weiss S, Sarangarm D. 268 Limited Health Literacy Is Not Associated With Increased Emergency Department Length of Stay. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Powell DM, Lawrence LM, Fitzgerald BP, Danielsen K, Parker A, Siciliano P, Crum A. Effect of short-term feed restriction and calorie source on hormonal and metabolic responses in geldings receiving a small meal. J Anim Sci 2000; 78:3107-13. [PMID: 11132825 DOI: 10.2527/2000.78123107x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects of short-term feed restriction and dietary calorie source were studied in horses receiving high-roughage or high-concentrate diets. Four Thoroughbred geldings were assigned to four treatment groups in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. The four treatments were 1) a nutritionally adequate high-roughage ration (70% roughage, 30% concentrate; AHR), 2) a nutritionally adequate high-concentrate ration (40% roughage, 60% concentrate; AHC), 3) 70% of the intake of the AHR diet (RHR), and 4) 70% of the intake of the AHC diet (RHC). Diets AHR and AHC were designed to meet the caloric need of horses undergoing moderately intense work. Blood samples were taken on the first 7 d of each period for analysis of serum T4 and T3 concentrations. On d 9 of each feeding period, each horse was fed 1.0 kg of oats as the morning meal. Jugular blood was sampled before and immediately after, as well as at 30 min after, completion of the meal and subsequently every hour for 7 h. Daily serum T4 and T3 concentrations were not affected by day, feeding level, or diet composition. Meal feeding produced an increase (P < 0.01) in T4 and T3 concentrations when horses were adapted to the AHR and AHC diets but not the RHR or RHC diets. Thyroxine concentrations were lowest (P < 0.05) when horses were adapted to the AHC diet. Glucose (P < 0.05), insulin (P < 0.01), and NEFA (P < 0.01) concentrations were higher in response to the meal when horses received RHR than for the other diets. These results indicate that nutrient restriction alters responses to meal feeding in horses and that this response may also be affected by the dietary roughage:concentrate ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Powell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0215, USA.
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Powell D, Lawrence LM, Brewster-Barnes T, Fitzgerald B, Warren LK, Rokuroda S, Parker A, Crum A. The effect of diet composition and feeding state on the response to exercise in feed-restricted horses. Equine Vet J 1999:514-8. [PMID: 10659310 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eight Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the effects of long-term calorie restriction and diet composition on serum T4 and T3 concentrations and metabolic responses with exercise. Horses were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (n = 4): Group 1, horses were fed a calorie-restricted diet designed to have 70% of the calories from the roughage source (RHR); Group 2, horses were fed a calorie-restricted diet designed to have 70% of the calories from the concentrate source (RHC). Horses then completed 2 step-wise exercise tests; one following a 12 h fast and one 2 h after a meal of 2 kg of a grain mix. Glucose concentrations declined (P < 0.01) in fed horses on the RHR diet but did not change in fed horses on the RHC diet. Fasted horses receiving the RHR diet had a more rapid increase in glucose concentration during exercise compared to fasted horses receiving the RHC diet (P < 0.01) as well as the highest glucose concentration at fatigue (P < 0.05). Insulin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) at fatigue in fed horses on the RHR diet. Fasted horses receiving the RHR diet had higher (P < 0.01) pre-exercise FFA concentrations and a more rapid decline (P < 0.01) in FFA during exercise. Serum T3 concentrations increased (P < 0.01) in response to exercise within all treatments. The differences in thyroid hormone, glucose and FFA responses to exercise suggest that calorie source may be important in the hormonal regulation and energy metabolism of horses consuming calorie deficient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Powell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA
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Crum A. The sophisticated dental practitioner. General principles influencing diet, nutrition and human behavior. N Y State Dent J 1992; 58:34-5. [PMID: 1736220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hitchings L, Crum A, Troost BT. Isolated one-and-one-half syndrome from focal brainstem hypertensive hemorrhage: precise localization with MRI. Neurology 1988; 38:1501-2. [PMID: 3412605 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.38.9.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Hitchings
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27103
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Rajfer J, Handelsman DJ, Crum A, Steiner B, Peterson M, Swerdloff RS. Comparison of the efficacy of subcutaneous and nasal spray buserelin treatment in suppression of testicular steroidogenesis in men with prostate cancer. Fertil Steril 1986; 46:104-10. [PMID: 3087785 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The comparative efficacy of subcutaneous injections and intranasal spray in the maintenance of suppression of testicular function in men with advanced prostatic cancer treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, Buserelin, was evaluated in a nonrandomized clinical trial. After a common induction period of 1 week's treatment with 500 micrograms three times daily by subcutaneous injection, patients were allocated into one of two groups for maintenance therapy with either subcutaneous (200 micrograms once daily) or intranasal (400 micrograms nasal spray three times daily) Buserelin therapy. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex steroid (testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], and estradiol [E2]) patterns were studied before the start and at days 1, 7, and 14 and months 2, 4, 6, and 12 on maintenance regimens. During the maintenance therapy, age-adjusted T levels were markedly suppressed to near-castrate levels in both treatment groups. Despite this marked suppression, age-adjusted T levels were consistently lower in men treated with the subcutaneous regimen from the 2nd week to the 12th month of treatment in morning pooled specimens as well as in detailed sampling over a 24-hour period after 12 months of continuous treatment. A similar pattern of enhanced suppression by the subcutaneous regimen was also observed for age-adjusted DHT, but not E2, levels during the study. Neither the magnitude nor the time course of T suppression by GnRH analog treatment could be entirely explained by the nature of the decline in plasma LH levels, which fell much less and more gradually over a 12-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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