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Shrestha D, K C Bhandari A, Ogawa K, Tanaka H, Miyayama C, Horikawa R, Urayama KY, Morisaki N. Effect of postpartum depression and role of infant feeding practices on relative weight of child at 1 and 3 years of age. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:336. [PMID: 38698333 PMCID: PMC11067203 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has increased and is considered one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century globally, and may be exacerbated by postpartum depression (PPD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between PPD at 1st and 6th month postpartum, infant feeding practices, and body mass index (BMI) z-score of the child at one and three years of age. METHODS This study used data from an ongoing prospective maternal-child birth cohort performed at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) in suburban Tokyo, Japan with the period of recruitment from May 13, 2010 to November 28, 2013. Out of 2,309 total number of mothers, 1,279 mother-child dyads were assessed in the study. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis to examine the association between PPD and child's BMI z-score stratified by the child's age at 1 year and 3 years of age. RESULTS The prevalence of PPD at 1 month postpartum (17%) was found to be higher than at 6 months (12%). In multivariable linear regression analysis we observed that children at 3 years who had mothers with PPD at 6 months had, on average, a BMI z-score 0.25 higher than children of mothers who did not have PPD at 6 months (ß coefficient 0.25, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.46], p value 0.02), holding all other covariates constant. Also, initiation of weaning food when child is at six months of age was associated with higher BMI z-score of the child at 3 years after adjusting for all covariates (ß coefficient = 0.18, 95% CI [0.03 to 0.34], p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant association between PPD at 6 months and child's BMI z-score at 3 years of age, in conjunction with birth trends and high prevalence of PPD, can add to the body of evidence that there is need for multiple assessment across the first postpartum year to rule out PPD as early screening and early interventions may benefit both maternal health and child development outcomes. These findings can indicate the need for establishing support systems for care-giving activities for mothers with PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Shrestha
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aliza K C Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Balogun OO, K C Bhandari A, Tomo CK, Tchicondingosse L, Aoki A, Aiga H, Takehara K. Association of sociodemographic and maternal healthcare factors with birth registration in Angola. Public Health 2023; 223:94-101. [PMID: 37625273 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angola has a high burden of unregistered children and efforts to increase birth-registration coverage have not yielded the desired progress. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic and healthcare-related factors associated with birth registration in Angola. STUDY DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook randomised controlled trial conducted in Benguela province, Angola and involving 11,006 women. METHODS For this analysis, we excluded women with missing data on birth registration (n = 1424), multiple gestation (n = 243), and those with infant death (n = 6). The final study population included 9333 women with infants under one year of age. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to determine sociodemographic and healthcare-related factors associated with the registration of a child's birth. RESULTS Of the 9333 live births, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.4-41.8) were registered, while 21% (95%CI = 11.1-35.7) were registered with certificate. There were higher proportions of registered births among mothers who possessed the MCH Handbook across various demographic and healthcare indicators. Birth registration was most significantly associated with facility-based delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97; 95%CI = 2.45-3.61), possession of MCH Handbook (OR = 2.04; 95%CI = 1.70-2.46), and complete scheduled vaccination visits (OR = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.44-1.97). Higher maternal age and education level, belonging to the highest wealth quintile, beginning antenatal care in the first trimester, attending at least four antenatal care visits, and using postnatal care services were positively associated with registration of birth. CONCLUSION Maternal healthcare factors showed significant associations with birth registration and integrating birth-registration processes with certain maternal and child health services may further raise awareness and boost registration levels in Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Balogun
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aliza K C Bhandari
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo Japan; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C K Tomo
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - A Aoki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Aiga
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Nomura K, Bhandari AKC, Matsumoto-Takahashi ELA, Takahashi O. Risk Factors Associated with Stunting among Children Under Five in Timor-Leste. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:63. [PMID: 37780840 PMCID: PMC10540702 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition, including stunting, is the cause of almost 45% of all deaths among children under the age of five. It not only affects child growth but also has a long-term negative influence on cognitive and physical abilities. Timor-Leste has the highest prevalence of child stunting in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of stunting and factors associated with it. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using the Demographic and Health Survey of 2016 for Timor-Leste. The prevalence of stunting among children under five years of age was examined, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with stunting. Results Among 4,581 children under five years of age, growth in nearly 40% was stunted. The majority of the mothers with stunted children were of age 20-30 years with about 33% having their first baby at ≤19 years of age. Compared to women of <145 cm of height, those of ≥145 cm height had lower likelihood of having a stunted child (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: [0.48-0.80], p < 0.001). It was also interesting to note that the risk of stunting was lower among female children than male children [OR: 0.75, 95% CI: (0.64-0.88), p < 0.001] in our adjusted model. Similarly, other factors such as wealth index, postnatal care visits, currently breastfeeding, age of the child, and size of the child at birth were also associated with stunting. Conclusion The present findings indicate that child stunting in Timor-Leste is mainly associated with maternal and child sociodemographic status. Hence, it is crucial to identify the quality of services provided by health facilities, the involvement of health workers and volunteers, and the intention of mothers to use the health services in Timor-Leste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Nomura
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2-5F Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2-5F Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2-5F Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Paudel S, K C Bhandari A, Gilmour S, Lee HJ, Kanbara S. Barriers and facilitating factors to healthcare accessibility among Nepalese migrants during COVID-19 crisis in Japan: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1226. [PMID: 37355587 PMCID: PMC10290307 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for global unity and timely access to healthcare for all including multilingual and intercultural societies. This study aimed to identify barriers to healthcare access due to the COVID-19 crisis among Nepalese migrants in Japan and explore ways to counter these barriers, both in routine and crisis situations. METHODS This study used an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study design. The researchers conducted 11 focus group discussions including 89 participants and an online survey involving 937 respondents. The integration of focus group discussions and logistic regression analysis from the survey was reported via a 'joint display'. RESULTS Twenty-six themes on barriers to and six on facilitators of healthcare accessibility were identified by the focus group discussions among which 17 barriers like lack of knowledge of health insurance, language barriers, lack of hotline services, unawareness of available services, fear of discrimination etc. had significant association in our logistic regression analysis after adjusting for all confounders. Similarly, the only facilitator that had a significant impact, according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, was receiving health information from Nepali healthcare professionals (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = (1.01 - 1.82), p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study suggests the need for a crisis information hub which could be coordinated by the Nepal embassy or concerned authorities, flexible policies for active deployment of Nepalese health workers and volunteers, accessible hotlines in the Nepali language, and incorporation of Nepali telehealth services in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Paudel
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Aliza K C Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura 2-10-1, Setagaya City Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kanbara
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Kochi, Kochi, Japan
- Kobe City College of Nursing, Kobe, Japan
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Bhandari AKC, Rahman M, Takahashi O. Enhancing earthquake preparedness knowledge and practice among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4468. [PMID: 36934150 PMCID: PMC10024757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at increasing earthquake preparedness knowledge perception and practice among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan through an educational intervention. A single arm quasi experimental study was conducted among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan. An educational intervention was prepared along with a 52 itemed questionnaire. In total, 165 participants responded to our questionnaire. Majority of them were male (67.88%), and the mean age was 32.78 years. Generalized equation model showed that the knowledge score of earthquake preparedness was 4.01 points higher immediately after the intervention [95% CI (2.78-5.24), p-value < 0.001] compared to baseline with a further increase by 7.02 points [95% CI (5.96-8.09), p-value < 0.001] at two weeks follow up. However, the practice score increased only by 2.83 points [95% CI (2.51-3.14), p-value < 0.001] immediately after the intervention with a similar increase at two weeks and 12 weeks follow up period [OR: 2.62, 95% CI (2.29-2.96), p-value < 0.001]. The educational intervention, when conducted in native language, can increase both the knowledge and practice score of earthquake preparedness hence, information related to earthquake preparedness in Nepali languages in the government websites of Japan could potentially increase information seeking behavior of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K C Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- OMURA Susumu & Mieko Memorial, St. Luke's Center for Clinical Academia, 5Th Floor, 3-6-2, Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
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Lwin KS, Bhandari AKC, Nguyen PT, Saito J, Yaguchi-Saito A, Ota E, Shimazu T. Factors influencing implementation of health-promoting interventions at workplaces: Protocol for a scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275887. [PMID: 36223415 PMCID: PMC9555663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health-promoting interventions at workplaces can be effective in modifying lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the interventions are not always successful in the real-world setting, and the evidence for effective strategies to implement the interventions has been limited. We propose a scoping review to identify the topics in need of study and areas for future research on barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of workplace health-promoting interventions. Materials and methods This scoping review will explore these issues from the perspective of supply-side stakeholders, who have a direct role in the implementation of these interventions. An electronic systematic search of MEDLINE (using PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 1986 to 2022, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, will be performed. Supplementary hand searching will be undertaken with reference lists from included articles and consulting with relevant stakeholders. Two authors will be responsible for individually screening the corresponding articles by first reading the titles and abstracts and then the full texts to assess whether they meet the inclusion criteria. Data extraction will be conducted using standardized data collection forms, and data analysis will be aligned to the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), a determinant framework of factors affecting implementation, using a directed content analysis approach. Discussion We will present the findings from this review at national and international conferences and submit them to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Future workplace interventions will significantly benefit from this comprehensive scoping review to identify factors that enable improvement of the implementation, and the barriers to improvement, of evidence-based health-promoting interventions at workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaung Suu Lwin
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Phuong The Nguyen
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akiko Yaguchi-Saito
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Department of Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Dhungel B, Rahman MS, Rahman MM, Bhandari AKC, Le PM, Biva NA, Gilmour S. Reliability of Early Estimates of the Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11613. [PMID: 36141893 PMCID: PMC9517346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review estimated the pooled R0 for early COVID-19 outbreaks and identified the impact of study-related factors such as methods, study location and study period on the estimated R0. METHODS We searched electronic databases for human studies published in English between 1 December 2019 and 30 September 2020 with no restriction on country/region. Two investigators independently performed the data extraction of the studies selected for inclusion during full-text screening. The primary outcome, R0, was analysed by random-effects meta-analysis using the restricted maximum likelihood method. RESULTS We identified 26,425 studies through our search and included 151 articles in the systematic review, among which 81 were included in the meta-analysis. The estimates of R0 from studies included in the meta-analysis ranged from 0.4 to 12.58. The pooled R0 for COVID-19 was estimated to be 2.66 (95% CI, 2.41-2.94). The results showed heterogeneity among studies and strong evidence of a small-study effect. CONCLUSIONS The high heterogeneity in studies makes the use of the R0 for basic epidemic planning difficult and presents a huge problem for risk assessment and data synthesis. Consensus on the use of R0 for outbreak assessment is needed, and its use for assessing epidemic risk is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Dhungel
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | | | - Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Phuong Mai Le
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nushrat Alam Biva
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Aoki A, Mochida K, Kuramata M, Sadamori T, Bhandari AKC, Freitas HR, da Cunha JD, Francisco KR, Sapalalo P, Tchicondingosse L, Balogun OO, Aiga H, Takehara K. The RE-AIM framework-based evaluation of the implementation of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook program in Angola: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1071. [PMID: 35996173 PMCID: PMC9395902 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends the Maternal and Child Health Handbook (MCH-HB) to promote health service utilization from pregnancy to early childhood. Although many countries have adopted it as a national health policy, there is a paucity of research in MCH-HB’s implementation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the MCH-HB’s implementation status based on the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance), and identify facilitators of, and barriers to its implementation in Angola to understand effective implementation strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting all health facilities which implemented MCH-HB, subsamples of health workers, and officers responsible for the MCH-HB at the municipality health office. Using the 14 indicators based on the RE-AIM framework, health facilities’ overall implementation statuses were assessed. This categorized health facilities into optimal-implementation and suboptimal-implementation groups. To identify barriers to and facilitators of MCH-HB implementation, semi-structured interviews were conducted among health workers and municipality health officers responsible for MCH-HB. The data were analyzed via content analysis. Results A total of 88 health facilities and 216 health workers were surveyed to evaluate the implementation status, and 155 interviews were conducted among health workers to assess the barriers to and facilitators of the implementation. The overall implementation target was achieved in 50 health facilities (56.8%). The target was achieved by more health facilities in urban than rural areas (urban 68.4%, rural 53.6%) and by more health facilities of higher facility types (hospital 83.3%, health center 59.3%, health post 52.7%). Through the interview data’s analysis, facilitators of and barriers to MCH-HB were comprehensively demonstrated. MCH-HB’s content advantage was the most widely recognized facilitator and inadequate training for health workers was the most widely recognized barrier. Conclusions Strengthening education for health workers, supervision by municipality health officers, and community sensitization were potential implementation strategies. These strategies must be intensified in rural and lower-level health facilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08454-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Aoki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiji Mochida
- TA Networking Corp., 2-7 Nanpeidai, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Toru Sadamori
- Samauma Consulting LLC, Chiba, 400-5 Nedo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Aliza K C Bhandari
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,St Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashicho, Chuo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helga Reis Freitas
- National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Rua 1º Congressodo MPLA Nº67, Luanda, Angola
| | - João Domingos da Cunha
- National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Rua 1º Congressodo MPLA Nº67, Luanda, Angola
| | - Ketha Rubuz Francisco
- National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Rua 1º Congressodo MPLA Nº67, Luanda, Angola
| | - Pedro Sapalalo
- Domus Custodius (SU) Lda. Tchikos Agency, Via Expressa de Cacuaco, Nova Urbanização II, Cacuaco, Luanda, Angola
| | - Lino Tchicondingosse
- Domus Custodius (SU) Lda. Tchikos Agency, Via Expressa de Cacuaco, Nova Urbanização II, Cacuaco, Luanda, Angola
| | - Olukunmi Omobolanle Balogun
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Aiga
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.,Human Development Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency, 5-25, Nibancho, Tokyo, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Bhandari AKC, Takahashi O. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers of natural disaster preparedness among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 35279120 PMCID: PMC8918343 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural disasters have increased during the last several decades all over the world. Due to its geographical and climate conditions, Japan has long been vulnerable to several natural disasters. Coping with disasters is a major challenge overall and even harder for foreigners residing in Japan. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the perceived knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers of disaster preparedness among Nepalese immigrants in Japan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan with an online survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated and then administered. The participants were recruited via Facebook for this survey. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with the perceived knowledge, attitude and practice of Nepalese immigrants regarding disaster preparedness. Results A total of 404 respondents were analyzed in this study and among them two-third were male. We found that the mean score of disaster preparedness practice was lowest than the knowledge and attitude (mean \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 5.52) as evidenced by the majority of the participants not being prepared for disaster situations and a limited proportion had ever taken necessary natural disaster preparedness measures. Japanese language was identified as the major barrier in assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding disaster preparedness and was significantly associated with the knowledge level of disaster preparedness after adjusting for some socio-demographic covariates. (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: (1.04 – 3.25)). Conclusions This study observed that the perceived knowledge and practices regarding natural disasters are very poor while barriers to access these are substantial among Nepalese immigrants in Japan. As Japanese language was identified as a major barrier, the availability of language translation services in every health care sector also in the government offices of Japan might encourage people to learn more about disaster preparedness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12844-3.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean section (CS) is a major component of emergency obstetric care. There has been a substantial rise in the rate of CS in private institutions in Nepal which might reflect the successful implementation of delivery schemes introduced by the government extended to the private organizations alternatively, it may also reflect the need for more public health care facilities to provide maternal and child health care services. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the trends in institutional-based CS rates in Nepal along with its correlates over time. METHODS We used the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data collected every 5 years, from 1996 to 2016. The trend in CS rates based on five waves of NDHS data along with its correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for socio-demographics and pregnancy-related variables. RESULTS We included 20,824 reproductive-aged women who had a history of delivery within the past 5 years. The population-based CS rate increased from 0.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (0.6-1.2) %] to 10.2% in 2016 [95% CI: (8.9-11.6) %, p < 0.01] whereas the institutional-based CS rate increased from 10.4% in 1996 [95% CI: (8.3-12.9) %] to 16.4% in 2016 [95% CI: (14.5-18.5) %, p < 0.01]. Private institutions had a nearly 3-fold increase in CS rate (8.9% in 1996 [95% CI: (4.8-16.0) %] vs. 26.3% in 2016[95% CI: (21.9-31.3) %]. This was also evident in the trend analysis where the odds of having CS was 3.58 times higher [95% CI: (1.83-7.00), p < 0.01] in 2016 than in 1996 in the private sectors, while there was no evidence of an increase in public hospitals (10.9% in 1996 to 12.9% in 2016; p for trend > 0.05). Education of women, residence, wealth index, parity and place of delivery were significantly associated with the CS rate. CONCLUSION Nepal has observed a substantial increase in cesarean delivery over the 20 years, which might indicate a successful implementation of the safe motherhood program in addressing the Millennium Development Goals and Universal Health Care agenda on maternal and child health. However, the Nepal government should examine existing disparities in accessibility of emergency obstetric care services, such as differences in CS between public and private sectors, and promote equity in maternal and child health care services accessibility and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K. C. Bhandari
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bibha Dhungel
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- St. Luke’s International University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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