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Baez-Ortega A, Gori K, Strakova A, Allen JL, Allum KM, Bansse-Issa L, Bhutia TN, Bisson JL, Briceño C, Castillo Domracheva A, Corrigan AM, Cran HR, Crawford JT, Davis E, de Castro KF, B de Nardi A, de Vos AP, Delgadillo Keenan L, Donelan EM, Espinoza Huerta AR, Faramade IA, Fazil M, Fotopoulou E, Fruean SN, Gallardo-Arrieta F, Glebova O, Gouletsou PG, Häfelin Manrique RF, Henriques JJGP, Horta RS, Ignatenko N, Kane Y, King C, Koenig D, Krupa A, Kruzeniski SJ, Kwon YM, Lanza-Perea M, Lazyan M, Lopez Quintana AM, Losfelt T, Marino G, Martínez Castañeda S, Martínez-López MF, Meyer M, Migneco EJ, Nakanwagi B, Neal KB, Neunzig W, Ní Leathlobhair M, Nixon SJ, Ortega-Pacheco A, Pedraza-Ordoñez F, Peleteiro MC, Polak K, Pye RJ, Reece JF, Rojas Gutierrez J, Sadia H, Schmeling SK, Shamanova O, Sherlock AG, Stammnitz M, Steenland-Smit AE, Svitich A, Tapia Martínez LJ, Thoya Ngoka I, Torres CG, Tudor EM, van der Wel MG, Viţălaru BA, Vural SA, Walkinton O, Wang J, Wehrle-Martinez AS, Widdowson SAE, Stratton MR, Alexandrov LB, Martincorena I, Murchison EP. Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient transmissible cancer lineage. Science 2019; 365:eaau9923. [PMID: 31371581 PMCID: PMC7116271 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau9923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a cancer lineage that arose several millennia ago and survives by "metastasizing" between hosts through cell transfer. The somatic mutations in this cancer record its phylogeography and evolutionary history. We constructed a time-resolved phylogeny from 546 CTVT exomes and describe the lineage's worldwide expansion. Examining variation in mutational exposure, we identify a highly context-specific mutational process that operated early in the cancer's evolution but subsequently vanished, correlate ultraviolet-light mutagenesis with tumor latitude, and describe tumors with heritable hyperactivity of an endogenous mutational process. CTVT displays little evidence of ongoing positive selection, and negative selection is detectable only in essential genes. We illustrate how long-lived clonal organisms capture changing mutagenic environments, and reveal that neutral genetic drift is the dominant feature of long-term cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Baez-Ortega
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Gori
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Strakova
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janice L Allen
- Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC), Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Thinlay N Bhutia
- Sikkim Anti-Rabies and Animal Health Programme, Department of Animal Husbandry, Livestock, Fisheries and Veterinary Services, Government of Sikkim, India
| | - Jocelyn L Bisson
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cristóbal Briceño
- ConserLab, Animal Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Hugh R Cran
- The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya
| | | | - Eric Davis
- International Animal Welfare Training Institute, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karina F de Castro
- Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrigo B de Nardi
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edward M Donelan
- Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC), Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Eleni Fotopoulou
- Intermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre (DIKEPAZ), Perama, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Pagona G Gouletsou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Rodrigo F Häfelin Manrique
- Veterinary Clinic El Roble, Animal Healthcare Network, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Yaghouba Kane
- École Inter-états des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Ada Krupa
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Young-Mi Kwon
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thibault Losfelt
- Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, Reunion, France
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simón Martínez Castañeda
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Mayra F Martínez-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Cancer Development and Innate Immune Evasion Lab, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Máire Ní Leathlobhair
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ruth J Pye
- Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia
| | | | | | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Maximilian Stammnitz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alla Svitich
- State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Cristian G Torres
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth M Tudor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bogdan A Viţălaru
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sevil A Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Jinhong Wang
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Strakova A, Ní Leathlobhair M, Wang GD, Yin TT, Airikkala-Otter I, Allen JL, Allum KM, Bansse-Issa L, Bisson JL, Castillo Domracheva A, de Castro KF, Corrigan AM, Cran HR, Crawford JT, Cutter SM, Delgadillo Keenan L, Donelan EM, Faramade IA, Flores Reynoso E, Fotopoulou E, Fruean SN, Gallardo-Arrieta F, Glebova O, Häfelin Manrique RF, Henriques JJ, Ignatenko N, Koenig D, Lanza-Perea M, Lobetti R, Lopez Quintana AM, Losfelt T, Marino G, Martincorena I, Martínez Castañeda S, Martínez-López MF, Meyer M, Nakanwagi B, De Nardi AB, Neunzig W, Nixon SJ, Onsare MM, Ortega-Pacheco A, Peleteiro MC, Pye RJ, Reece JF, Rojas Gutierrez J, Sadia H, Schmeling SK, Shamanova O, Ssuna RK, Steenland-Smit AE, Svitich A, Thoya Ngoka I, Vițălaru BA, de Vos AP, de Vos JP, Walkinton O, Wedge DC, Wehrle-Martinez AS, van der Wel MG, Widdowson SA, Murchison EP. Mitochondrial genetic diversity, selection and recombination in a canine transmissible cancer. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27185408 PMCID: PMC4869914 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a clonally transmissible cancer that originated approximately 11,000 years ago and affects dogs worldwide. Despite the clonal origin of the CTVT nuclear genome, CTVT mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) have been acquired by periodic capture from transient hosts. We sequenced 449 complete mtDNAs from a global population of CTVTs, and show that mtDNA horizontal transfer has occurred at least five times, delineating five tumour clades whose distributions track two millennia of dog global migration. Negative selection has operated to prevent accumulation of deleterious mutations in captured mtDNA, and recombination has caused occasional mtDNA re-assortment. These findings implicate functional mtDNA as a driver of CTVT global metastatic spread, further highlighting the important role of mtDNA in cancer evolution. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14552.001 A unique cancer called canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) causes ugly tumours to form on the genitals of dogs. Unlike most other cancers, CTVT is contagious: the cancer cells can be directly transferred from one dog to another when they mate. The disease originated from the cancer cells of one individual dog that lived approximately 11,000 years ago. CTVT now affects dogs all over the world, which makes it the oldest and most widespread cancer known in nature. Like healthy cells, cancer cells contain compartments known as mitochondria that produce the chemical energy needed to power vital processes. Inside the mitochondria, there is some DNA that encodes the proteins that mitochondria need to perform this role. Changes (or mutations) to this mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may stop the mitochondria from working properly. CTVT cells have previously been found to occasionally capture mtDNA from normal dog cells, which suggests that replenishing their mtDNA may help promote CTVT cell growth. Furthermore, these captured mtDNAs act as genetic "flags" that can help trace the spread of the disease. Here, Strakova, Ní Leathlobhair et al. analysed the mtDNA in CTVT tumours collected from over 400 dogs in 39 countries. The analysis shows that CTVT cells have captured mtDNA from normal dog cells on at least five occasions. Over the last 2,000 years, the disease appears to have spread rapidly around the world, perhaps transported by dogs travelling on ships along historic trade routes. CTVT may have only reached the Americas within the last 500 years, possibly carried there by dogs brought by Europeans. Likewise, CTVT probably only came to Australia after European contact. The experiments also revealed that the most damaging types of mutations were absent from the mtDNA of CTVT, which suggests that fully functioning mitochondria play an important role in CTVT. Unexpectedly, Strakova, Ní Leathlobhair et al. found evidence that certain sections of mtDNA in some CTVT cells have been exchanged, or shuffled, with the mtDNA captured from normal dog cells. This type of “recombination” is not usually thought to occur in mtDNA, and has not previously been detected in cancer. Future studies will determine if this process is widespread in other types of cancer, including in humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14552.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strakova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Máire Ní Leathlobhair
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Janice L Allen
- Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Jocelyn L Bisson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karina F de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hugh R Cran
- The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya
| | | | - Stephen M Cutter
- Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Edward M Donelan
- Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Remo Lobetti
- Bryanston Veterinary Hospital, Bryanston, South Africa
| | | | - Thibault Losfelt
- Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, France
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Simón Martínez Castañeda
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Andrigo B De Nardi
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruth J Pye
- Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia
| | | | | | - Haleema Sadia
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Richard K Ssuna
- Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Alla Svitich
- State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Bogdan A Vițălaru
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Johan P de Vos
- Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre De Ottenhorst, Terneuzen, Netherlands
| | | | - David C Wedge
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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