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Hall GJ, Page EJ, Rhee M, Hay C, Krause A, Langenbacher E, Ruth A, Grenier S, Duran AP, Kamara I, Iskander JK, Alsayyid F, Thomas DL, Bock E, Porta N, Pharo J, Osterink BA, Zelmanowitz S, Fleischmann CM, Liyanage D, Gray JP. Wastewater Surveillance of US Coast Guard Installations and Seagoing Military Vessels to Mitigate the Risk of COVID-19 Outbreaks, March 2021-August 2022. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241236644. [PMID: 38561999 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241236644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Military training centers and seagoing vessels are often environments at high risk for the spread of COVID-19 and other contagious diseases, because military trainees and personnel arrive after traveling from many parts of the country and live in congregate settings. We examined whether levels of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater correlated with SARS-CoV-2 infections among military personnel living in communal barracks and vessels at US Coast Guard training centers in the United States. METHODS The Coast Guard developed and established 3 laboratories with wastewater testing capability at Coast Guard training centers from March 2021 through August 2022. We analyzed wastewater from barracks housing trainees and from 4 Coast Guard vessels for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genes N and E and quantified the results relative to levels of a fecal indicator virus, pepper mild mottle virus. We compared quantified data with the timing of medically diagnosed COVID-19 infection among (1) military personnel who had presented with symptoms or had been discovered through contact tracing and had medical tests and (2) military personnel who had been discovered through routine surveillance by positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen or polymerase chain reaction test results. RESULTS Levels of viral genes in wastewater at Coast Guard locations were best correlated with diagnosed COVID-19 cases when wastewater testing was performed twice weekly with passive samplers deployed for the entire week; such testing detected ≥1 COVID-19 case 69.8% of the time and ≥3 cases 88.3% of the time. Wastewater assessment in vessels did not continue because of logistical constraints. CONCLUSION Wastewater testing is an effective tool for measuring the presence and patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infections among military populations. Success with wastewater testing for SARS-CoV-2 infections suggests that other diseases may be assessed with similar approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Hall
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Eric J Page
- Department of Physics, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Min Rhee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Clara Hay
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Amelia Krause
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Emma Langenbacher
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Allison Ruth
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Steve Grenier
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Alexander P Duran
- Office of Environmental Safety, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Ibrahim Kamara
- Occupational Medicine and Quality Improvement Division, US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John K Iskander
- Preventive Medicine and Population Health, US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fahad Alsayyid
- Coast Guard Medical Directorate, US Coast Guard, Cape May, NJ, USA
| | - Dana L Thomas
- Assistant Commandant, Health, Safety, and Work-Life Service Center, US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward Bock
- Health, Safety, and Work-Life Service Center, US Coast Guard, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas Porta
- Health, Safety, and Work-Life Service Center, US Coast Guard, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jessica Pharo
- Health, Safety, and Work-Life Service Center, US Coast Guard, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Beth A Osterink
- Health, Safety, and Work-Life Service Center, US Coast Guard, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Sharon Zelmanowitz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Corinna M Fleischmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Dilhara Liyanage
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
| | - Joshua P Gray
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, US Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA
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Ruth A, Stein WD, Rose E, Roninson IB. Coordinate changes in drug resistance and drug-induced conformational transitions in altered-function mutants of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein. Biochemistry 2001; 40:4332-9. [PMID: 11284689 DOI: 10.1021/bi001373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp), responsible for a clinically important form of multidrug resistance in cancer, is an ATPase efflux pump for multiple lipophilic drugs. The G185V mutation near transmembrane domain 3 of human Pgp increases its relative ability to transport several drugs, including etoposide, but decreases the transport of other substrates. MDR1 cDNA with the G185V substitution was used in a function-based selection to identify mutations that would further increase Pgp-mediated resistance to etoposide. This selection yielded the I186N substitution, adjacent to G185V. Pgps with G185V, I186N, or both mutations were compared to the wild-type Pgp for their ability to confer resistance to different drugs in NIH 3T3 cells. In contrast to the differential effects of G185V, I186N mutation increased resistance to all the tested drugs and augmented the effect of G185V on etoposide resistance. The effects of the mutations on conformational transitions of Pgp induced by different drugs were investigated using a conformation-sensitive antibody UIC2. Ligand-binding analysis of the drug-induced increase in UIC2 reactivity was used to determine the K(m) value that reflects the apparent affinity of drugs for Pgp, and the Hill number reflecting the apparent number of drug-binding sites. Both mutations altered the magnitude of drug-induced increases in UIC2 immunoreactivity, the K(m) values, and the Hill numbers for individual drugs. Mutation-induced changes in the magnitude of UIC2 reactivity shift did not correlate with the effects of the mutations on resistance to the corresponding drugs. In contrast, an increase or a decrease in drug resistance relative to that of the wild type was accompanied by a corresponding increase or decrease in the K(m) or in both the K(m) and the Hill number. These results suggest that mutations that alter the ability of Pgp to transport individual drugs change the apparent affinity and the apparent number of drug-binding sites in Pgp.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions/drug effects
- Asparagine/genetics
- Cell Line
- Colchicine/metabolism
- Colchicine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Etoposide/metabolism
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Genetic Vectors/biosynthesis
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/physiology
- Glycine/genetics
- Humans
- Isoleucine/genetics
- Mice
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transfection
- Valine/genetics
- Vinblastine/metabolism
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Druley TE, Stein WD, Ruth A, Roninson IB. P-glycoprotein-mediated colchicine resistance in different cell lines correlates with the effects of colchicine on P-glycoprotein conformation. Biochemistry 2001; 40:4323-31. [PMID: 11284688 DOI: 10.1021/bi001372n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is an ATPase efflux pump for multiple cytotoxic agents, including vinblastine and colchicine. We have found that resistance to vinblastine but not to colchicine in cell lines derived from different types of tissues and expressing the wild-type human Pgp correlates with the Pgp density. Vinblastine induces a conformational change in Pgp, evidenced by increased reactivity with a conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody UIC2, in all the tested cell lines. In contrast, colchicine increases the UIC2 reactivity in only some of the cell lines. In those lines where colchicine alone did not affect UIC2 reactivity, this drug was, however, able to reverse the vinblastine-induced increase in UIC2 reactivity. The magnitude of the increase in UIC2 reactivity in the presence of saturating concentrations of colchicine correlates with the relative ability of Pgp to confer colchicine resistance in different cell lines, suggesting the existence of some cell-specific factors that have a coordinate effect on the ability of colchicine to induce conformational transitions and to be transported by Pgp. Colchicine, like vinblastine, reverses the decrease in UIC2 reactivity produced by nonhydrolyzable nucleotides, but unlike vinblastine, it does not reverse the effect of ATP at a high concentration. Colchicine, however, decreases the Hill number for the effect of ATP on the UIC2 reactivity from 2 to 1. Colchicine increases the UIC2 reactivity and reverses the effect of ATP in ATPase-deficient Pgp mutants, but not in the wild-type Pgp expressed in the same cellular background, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis counteracts the effects of colchicine on the Pgp conformation.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology
- Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions/drug effects
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Colchicine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- K562 Cells
- Mice
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Druley
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Janssen B, Burgmann C, Habel U, Held T, Hoff P, Jänner M, Mecklenburg H, Prüter C, Ruth A, Sass H, Schneider F, Gaebel W. [External quality assurance of inpatient treatment in schizophrenia. results of a multicenter study]. Nervenarzt 2000; 71:364-72. [PMID: 10846711 DOI: 10.1007/s001150050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to legal regulations, external quality assurance is mandatory in Germany. Supported by the German Health Ministry (BMG), we present the results of a multicenter study in four hospitals with different structures on 1042 inpatients with the tracer diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD 10). We defined disease-specific indicators of structure, process, and outcome quality, developed an assessment instrument, and implemented a feedback system for quality comparison. The resulting quality profiles are useful as a starting point for internal quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssen
- Psychiatrische Klinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Rheinische Kliniken, Düsseldorf
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Chang BD, Broude EV, Dokmanovic M, Zhu H, Ruth A, Xuan Y, Kandel ES, Lausch E, Christov K, Roninson IB. A senescence-like phenotype distinguishes tumor cells that undergo terminal proliferation arrest after exposure to anticancer agents. Cancer Res 1999; 59:3761-7. [PMID: 10446993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of human tumor cell lines to different chemotherapeutic drugs, ionizing radiation, and differentiating agents induced morphological, enzymatic, and ploidy changes resembling replicative senescence of normal cells. Moderate doses of doxorubicin induced this senescence-like phenotype (SLP) in 11 of 14 tested cell lines derived from different types of human solid tumors, including all of the lines with wild-type p53 and half of p53-mutated cell lines. SLP induction seemed to be independent from mitotic cell death, the other major effect of drug treatment. Among cells that survived drug exposure, SLP markers distinguished those cells that became terminally growth-arrested within a small number of cell divisions from the cells that recovered and resumed proliferation. SLP induction in breast carcinoma cells treated with retinoids in vitro or in vivo was found to correlate with permanent growth inhibition under the conditions of minimal cytotoxicity, suggesting that this response may be particularly important for the antiproliferative effect of differentiating agents. The senescence-like program of terminal proliferation arrest may provide an important determinant of treatment outcome and a target for augmentation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Chang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607-7170, USA
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Janssen B, Jänner M, Schneider F, Gaebel W, Burgmann C, Held T, Hoff P, Prüter C, Sass H, Mecklenburg H, Ruth A. [Quality indicators of patient treatment of schizophrenic patients. Results of a pilot study for external quality assurance using tracer diagnosis]. Psychiatr Prax 1998; 25:303-9. [PMID: 9885844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Germany, measures for assuring the quality of inpatient treatment are regulated by legislation. Treatment quality must be presented in comparison with other hospitals. Tracer diagnosis is an established method for external quality assurance in the sphere of somatic medicine. METHOD To evaluate this method of external quality assurance in psychiatry, the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Nervous Diseases (DGPPN) defined and operationalised quality indicators for the treatment of schizophrenic inpatients. RESULTS of a multicentre project supported by the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) using this inventory in 96 schizophrenic inpatients (ICD-10) from 4 hospitals are presented. The qualification of these indicators of structure, process and outcome while comparing the treatment quality of different hospitals as well as their applicability for internal quality management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssen
- Psychiatrischen Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf
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