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Abachi H, Moallem M, Taghavi SM, Hamidizade M, Soleimani A, Fazliarab A, Portier P, Osdaghi E. Garlic Bulb Decay and Soft Rot Caused by the Cross-Kingdom Pathogen Burkholderia gladioli. Plant Dis 2024; 108:684-693. [PMID: 37775924 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1603-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2021, two gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs showing decay and soft rot symptoms in Central Iran. The bacterial strains were aggressively pathogenic on cactus, garlic, gladiolus, onion, potato, and saffron plants and induced soft rot symptoms on carrot, cucumber, potato, and radish discs. Furthermore, they were pathogenic on sporophores of cultivated and wild mushrooms. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the bacterial strains belong to Burkholderia gladioli. Garlic bulb rot caused by B. gladioli has rarely been reported in the literature. Historically, B. gladioli strains had been assigned to four pathovars, namely, B. gladioli pv. alliicola, B. gladioli pv. gladioli, B. gladioli pv. agaricicola, and B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans, infecting onion, Gladiolus sp., and mushrooms and poisoning foods, respectively. Multilocus (i.e., 16S rRNA, atpD, gyrB, and lepA genes) sequence-based phylogenetic investigations including reference strains of B. gladioli pathovars showed that the two garlic strains belong to phylogenomic clade 2 of the species, which includes the pathotype strain of B. gladioli pv. alliicola. Although the garlic strains were phylogenetically closely related to the B. gladioli pv. alliicola reference strains, they possessed pathogenicity characteristics that overlapped with three of the four historical pathovars, including the ability to rot onion (pv. alliicola), gladiolus (pv. gladioli), and mushrooms (pv. agaricicola). Furthermore, the pathotype of each pathovar could infect the hosts of other pathovars, undermining the utility of the pathovar concept in this species. Overall, using phenotypic pathovar-oriented assays to classify B. gladioli strains should be replaced by phylogenetic or phylogenomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Abachi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moallem
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Mozhde Hamidizade
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Ardavan Soleimani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Amal Fazliarab
- Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institute (ISCRTI), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Perrine Portier
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
- Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaborations (CISSC), Tehran, Iran
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Osdaghi E, Taghavi SM, Hamidizade M, Kariminejhad M, Fazliarab A, Hajian Maleki H, Baeyen S, Taghouti G, Jacques MA, Van Vaerenbergh J, Portier P. Multiphasic investigations imply transfer of orange-/red-pigmented strains of the bean pathogen Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens to a new species as C. aurantiacum sp. nov., elevation of the poinsettia pathogen C. flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae to the species level as C. Poinsettiae sp. nov., and synonymy of C. albidum with C. citreum. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126489. [PMID: 38325043 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Microbacteriaceae), a plant-pathogenic coryneform species includes five pathovars with valid names and a number of proposed - but unvalidated - new members. In this study, phenotypic features and DNA similarity indexes were investigated among all C. flaccumfaciens members. Results showed that the C. flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae strains causing bacterial canker of Euphorbia pulcherrima in the USA as well as the orange-/red-pigmented strains of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens pathogenic on dry beans in Iran are too distinct from each other and from the type strain of the species to be considered members of C. flaccumfaciens. Hence, the latter two groups were elevated at the species level as C. poinsettiae sp. nov. (ATCC 9682T = CFBP 2403T = ICMP 2566T = LMG 3715T = NCPPB 854T as type strain), and C. aurantiacum sp. nov. (50RT = CFBP 8819T = ICMP 22071T as type strain). Within the emended species C. flaccumfaciens comb. nov., yellow-pigmented strains causing bacterial wilt of dry beans and those causing bacterial canker of Euphorbia pulcherrima in Europe were retained as C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens and C. flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae, respectively; while taxonomic position of the sugar beet pathogen C. flaccumfaciens pv. beticola ATCC BAA144PT was confirmed. The newly described onion pathogen C. allii was also reclassified as C. flaccumfaciens pv. allii with the pathotype strain LMG 32517PT. Furthermore, C. flaccumfaciens pv. basellae causing bacterial leaf spot of malabar spinach (Basella rubra) was transferred to C. citreum pv. basellae with ATCC BAA143PT as pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Mozhde Hamidizade
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kariminejhad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Amal Fazliarab
- Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institute (ISCRTI), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Habibeh Hajian Maleki
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Steve Baeyen
- Flanders' Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Unit Plant Sciences, EU Reference Laboratory for Plant Health - on bacteria, Burgemeester van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geraldine Taghouti
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Jacques
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Johan Van Vaerenbergh
- Flanders' Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Unit Plant Sciences, EU Reference Laboratory for Plant Health - on bacteria, Burgemeester van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Perrine Portier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France.
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Osdaghi E, Taghavi SM, Hamidizade M, Fazliarab A, Hajian Maleki H, Li X, Jacques MA, Portier P. Clavibacter lycopersici sp. nov.: a peach-colored actinobacterium isolated from symptomless tomato plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37737062 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, Gram-positive peach-coloured actinobacterial strains were isolated from symptomless tomato phyllosphere in Iran. Biochemical and physiological characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA phylogeny showed that the strains belong to Clavibacter sp., while they were non-pathogenic on the host of isolation, and morphologically distinct from the tomato pathogen C. michiganensis and other plant-associated bacteria. Multilocus sequence analysis of five housekeeping genes showed that the two peach-coloured strains CFBP 8615T (Tom532T) and CFBP 8616 (Tom495) were phylogenetically distinct from all validly described Clavibacter species. Whole genome sequence-based indices, i.e. average nucleotide identity (orthoANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), showed that the two peach-colored strains share nearly 100 % orthoANI value with one another, while they differ from all validly described Clavibacter species with the orthoANI/dDDH values <93 % and <50 %, respectively. Thus, based on both phenotypic features and orthoANI/dDDH indices the peach-coloured strains could belong to a new species within Clavibacter. In this study, we provide a formal species description for the peach-coloured tomato-associated Clavibacter strains. Clavibacter lycopersici sp. nov. is proposed for the new species with Tom532T = CFBP 8615T = ICMP 22100T as type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Mozhde Hamidizade
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Amal Fazliarab
- Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institute (ISCRTI), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Habibeh Hajian Maleki
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Xiang Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Charlottetown Laboratory, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada
| | - Marie-Agnes Jacques
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Perrine Portier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
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Hamidizade M, Taghavi SM, Moallem M, Aeini M, Fazliarab A, Abachi H, Herschlag RA, Hockett KL, Bull CT, Osdaghi E. Ewingella americana: An Emerging Multifaceted Pathogen of Edible Mushrooms. Phytopathology 2023; 113:150-159. [PMID: 36131391 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0299-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycopathogenic bacteria play a pivotal role in the productivity of edible mushrooms grown under controlled conditions. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive farm survey and sampling (2018 to 2021) on button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) farms in 15 provinces in Iran to monitor the status of bacterial pathogens infecting the crop. Mycopathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from pins, stems, and caps, as well as the casing layer on 38 mushroom farms. The bacterial strains incited symptoms on mushroom caps ranging from faint discoloration to dark brown and blotch of the inoculated surfaces. Among the bacterial strains inciting disease symptoms on bottom mushroom, 40 were identified as Ewingella americana based on biochemical assays and phylogeny of 16S rRNA and the gyrB gene. E. americana strains differed in their aggressiveness on mushroom caps and stipes, where the corresponding symptoms ranged from deep yellow to dark brown. In the phylogenetic analyses, all E. americana strains isolated in this study were clustered in a monophyletic clade closely related to the nonpathogenic and environmental strains of the species. BOX-PCR-based fingerprinting revealed intraspecific diversity. Using the cutoff level of 73 to 76% similarity, the strains formed six clusters. A chronological pattern was observed, where the strains isolated in 2018 were differentiated from those isolated in 2020 and 2021. Taken together, due to the multifaceted nature of the pathogen, such a widespread occurrence of E. americana on mushroom farms in Iran could be an emerging threat for the mushroom industry in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhde Hamidizade
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moallem
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Milad Aeini
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amal Fazliarab
- Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institute (ISCRTI), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Hamid Abachi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rachel A Herschlag
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Kevin L Hockett
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Carolee T Bull
- Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Osdaghi E, Taghouti G, Dutrieux C, Taghavi SM, Fazliarab A, Briand M, Le Saux MF, Portier P, Jacques MA. Whole Genome Resources of 17 Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens Strains Including Pathotypes of C. flaccumfaciens pv. betae, C. flaccumfaciens pv. oortii, and C. flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2022; 35:352-356. [PMID: 35021852 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0282-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Geraldine Taghouti
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Cecile Dutrieux
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - S Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Amal Fazliarab
- Iranian Sugarcane Research and Training Institute (ISCRTI), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Martial Briand
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Marion Fischer Le Saux
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Perrine Portier
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Jacques
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, CIRM-CFBP, F-49000 Angers, France
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