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Wu Y, Bi J, Gassett AJ, Young MT, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD. Integrating traffic pollution dispersion into spatiotemporal NO 2 prediction. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171652. [PMID: 38485010 PMCID: PMC11027090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Accurately predicting ambient NO2 concentrations has great public health importance, as traffic-related air pollution is of major concern in urban areas. In this study, we present a novel approach incorporating traffic contribution to NO2 prediction in a fine-scale spatiotemporal model. We used nationally available traffic estimate dataset in a scalable dispersion model, Research LINE source dispersion model (RLINE). RLINE estimates then served as an additional input for a validated spatiotemporal pollution modeling approach. Our analysis uses measurement data collected by the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution in the greater Los Angeles area between 2006 and 2009. We predicted road-type-specific annual average daily traffic (AADT) on road segments via national-level spatial regression models with nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes (spNNGP); the spNNGP models were trained based on over half a million point-level traffic volume measurements nationwide. AADT estimates on all highways were combined with meteorological data in RLINE models. We evaluated two strategies to integrate RLINE estimates into spatiotemporal NO2 models: 1) incorporating RLINE estimates as a space-only covariate and, 2) as a spatiotemporal covariate. The results showed that integrating the RLINE estimates as a space-only covariate improved overall cross-validation R2 from 0.83 to 0.84, and root mean squared error (RMSE) from 3.58 to 3.48 ppb. Incorporating the estimates as a spatiotemporal covariate resulted in similar model improvement. The improvement of our spatiotemporal model was more profound in roadside monitors alongside highways, with R2 increasing from 0.56 to 0.66 and RMSE decreasing from 3.52 to 3.11 ppb. The observed improvement indicates that the RLINE estimates enhanced the model's predictive capabilities for roadside NO2 concentration gradients even after considering a comprehensive list of geographic covariates including the distance to roads. Our proposed modeling framework can be generalized to improve high-resolution prediction of NO2 exposure - especially near major roads in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael T Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zuidema C, Bi J, Burnham D, Carmona N, Gassett AJ, Slager DL, Schumacher C, Austin E, Seto E, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L. Leveraging low-cost sensors to predict nitrogen dioxide for epidemiologic exposure assessment. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00667-w. [PMID: 38589565 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical models of air pollution enable intra-urban characterization of pollutant concentrations, benefiting exposure assessment for environmental epidemiology. The new generation of low-cost sensors facilitate the deployment of dense monitoring networks and can potentially be used to improve intra-urban models of air pollution. OBJECTIVE Develop and evaluate a spatiotemporal model for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the Puget Sound region of WA, USA for the Adult Changes in Thought Air Pollution (ACT-AP) study and assess the contribution of low-cost sensor data to the model's performance through cross-validation. METHODS We developed a spatiotemporal NO2 model for the study region incorporating data from 11 agency locations, 364 supplementary monitoring locations, and 117 low-cost sensor (LCS) locations for the 1996-2020 time period. Model features included long-term time trends and dimension-reduced land use regression. We evaluated the contribution of LCS network data by comparing models fit with and without sensor data using cross-validated (CV) summary performance statistics. RESULTS The best performing model had one time trend and geographic covariates summarized into three partial least squares components. The model, fit with LCS data, performed as well as other recent studies (agency cross-validation: CV- root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.5 ppb NO2; CV- coefficient of determination (R 2 ) = 0.85). Predictions of NO2 concentrations developed with LCS were higher at residential locations compared to a model without LCS, especially in recent years. While LCS did not provide a strong performance gain at agency sites (CV-RMSE = 2.8 ppb NO2; CV-R 2 = 0.82 without LCS), at residential locations, the improvement was substantial, with RMSE = 3.8 ppb NO2 andR 2 = 0.08 (without LCS), compared to CV-RMSE = 2.8 ppb NO2 and CV-R 2 = 0.51 (with LCS). IMPACT We developed a spatiotemporal model for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution in Washington's Puget Sound region for epidemiologic exposure assessment for the Adult Changes in Thought Air Pollution study. We examined the impact of including low-cost sensor data in the NO2 model and found the additional spatial information the sensors provided predicted NO2 concentrations that were higher than without low-cost sensors, particularly in recent years. We did not observe a clear, substantial improvement in cross-validation performance over a similar model fit without low-cost sensor data; however, the prediction improvement with low-cost sensors at residential locations was substantial. The performance gains from low-cost sensors may have been attenuated due to spatial information provided by other supplementary monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dustin Burnham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy Carmona
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L Slager
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cooper Schumacher
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Bi J, Burnham D, Zuidema C, Schumacher C, Gassett AJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Sheppard L. Evaluating low-cost monitoring designs for PM 2.5 exposure assessment with a spatiotemporal modeling approach. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123227. [PMID: 38147948 PMCID: PMC10922961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the most feasible and cost-effective approaches to improving PM2.5 exposure assessment with low-cost monitors (LCMs) can considerably enhance the quality of its epidemiological inferences. We investigated features of fixed-site LCM designs that most impact PM2.5 exposure estimates to be used in long-term epidemiological inference for the Adult Changes in Thought Air Pollution (ACT-AP) study. We used ACT-AP collected and calibrated LCM PM2.5 measurements at the two-week level from April 2017 to September 2020 (N of monitors [measurements] = 82 [502]). We also acquired reference-grade PM2.5 measurements from January 2010 to September 2020 (N = 78 [6186]). We used a spatiotemporal modeling approach to predict PM2.5 exposures with either all LCM measurements or varying subsets with reduced temporal or spatial coverage. We evaluated the models based on a combination of cross-validation and external validation at locations of LCMs included in the models (N = 82), and also based on an independent external validation with a set of LCMs not used for the modeling (N = 30). We found that the model's performance declined substantially when LCM measurements were entirely excluded (spatiotemporal validation R2 [RMSE] = 0.69 [1.2 μg/m3]) compared to the model with all LCM measurements (0.84 [0.9 μg/m3]). Temporally, using the farthest apart measurements (i.e., the first and last) from each LCM resulted in the closest model's performance (0.79 [1.0 μg/m3]) to the model with all LCM data. The models with only the first or last measurement had decreased performance (0.77 [1.1 μg/m3]). Spatially, the model's performance decreased linearly to 0.74 (1.1 μg/m3) when only 10% of LCMs were included. Our analysis also showed that LCMs located in densely populated, road-proximate areas improved the model more than those placed in moderately populated, road-distant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Dustin Burnham
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Cooper Schumacher
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Bramble K, Blanco MN, Doubleday A, Gassett AJ, Hajat A, Marshall JD, Sheppard L. Exposure Disparities by Income, Race and Ethnicity, and Historic Redlining Grade in the Greater Seattle Area for Ultrafine Particles and Other Air Pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:77004. [PMID: 37404015 PMCID: PMC10321236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows ultrafine particles (UFPs) are detrimental to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory health. Historically, racialized and low-income communities are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to conduct a descriptive analysis of present-day air pollution exposure disparities in the greater Seattle, Washington, area by income, race, ethnicity, and historical redlining grade. We focused on UFPs (particle number count) and compared with black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels. METHODS We obtained race and ethnicity data from the 2010 U.S. Census, median household income data from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey, and Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining data from the University of Richmond's Mapping Inequality. We predicted pollutant concentrations at block centroids from 2019 mobile monitoring data. The study region encompassed much of urban Seattle, with redlining analyses restricted to a smaller region. To analyze disparities, we calculated population-weighted mean exposures and regression analyses using a generalized estimating equation model to account for spatial correlation. RESULTS Pollutant concentrations and disparities were largest for blocks with median household income of < $ 20,000 , Black residents, HOLC Grade D, and ungraded industrial areas. UFP concentrations were 4% lower than average for non-Hispanic White residents and higher than average for racialized groups (Asian, 3%; Black, 15%; Hispanic, 6%; Native American, 8%; Pacific Islander, 11%). For blocks with median household incomes of < $ 20,000 , UFP concentrations were 40% higher than average, whereas blocks with incomes of > $ 110,000 had UFP concentrations 16% lower than average. UFP concentrations were 28% higher for Grade D and 49% higher for ungraded industrial areas compared with Grade A. Disparities were highest for UFPs and lowest for PM 2.5 exposure levels. DISCUSSION Our study is one of the first to highlight large disparities with UFP exposures compared with multiple pollutants. Higher exposures to multiple air pollutants and their cumulative effects disproportionately impact historically marginalized groups. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Bramble
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Magali N. Blanco
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annie Doubleday
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda J. Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julian D. Marshall
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Tejwani V, Woo H, Liu C, Tillery AK, Gassett AJ, Kanner RE, Hoffman EA, Martinez FJ, Woodruff PG, Barr RG, Fawzy A, Koehler K, Curtis JL, Freeman CM, Cooper CB, Comellas AP, Pirozzi C, Paine R, Tashkin D, Krishnan JA, Sack C, Putcha N, Paulin LM, Zusman M, Kaufman JD, Alexis NE, Hansel NN. Black carbon content in airway macrophages is associated with increased severe exacerbations and worse COPD morbidity in SPIROMICS. Respir Res 2022; 23:310. [PMID: 36376879 PMCID: PMC9664618 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway macrophages (AM), crucial for the immune response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are exposed to environmental particulate matter (PM), which they retain in their cytoplasm as black carbon (BC). However, whether AM BC accurately reflects environmental PM2.5 exposure, and can serve as a biomarker of COPD outcomes, is unknown. METHODS We analyzed induced sputum from participants at 7 of 12 sites SPIROMICS sites for AM BC content, which we related to exposures and to lung function and respiratory outcomes. Models were adjusted for batch (first vs. second), age, race (white vs. non-white), income (<$35,000, $35,000~$74,999, ≥$75,000, decline to answer), BMI, and use of long-acting beta-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonists, with sensitivity analysis performed with inclusion of urinary cotinine and lung function as covariates. RESULTS Of 324 participants, 143 were current smokers and 201 had spirometric-confirmed COPD. Modeled indoor fine (< 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) particulate matter (PM2.5) and urinary cotinine were associated with higher AM BC. Other assessed indoor and ambient pollutant exposures were not associated with higher AM BC. Higher AM BC was associated with worse lung function and odds of severe exacerbation, as well as worse functional status, respiratory symptoms and quality of life. CONCLUSION Indoor PM2.5 and cigarette smoke exposure may lead to increased AM BC deposition. Black carbon content in AMs is associated with worse COPD morbidity in current and former smokers, which remained after sensitivity analysis adjusting for cigarette smoke burden. Airway macrophage BC, which may alter macrophage function, could serve as a predictor of experiencing worse respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Tejwani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A90, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna K Tillery
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Robert Paine
- University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donald Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Pulmonary/Critical Care, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marina Zusman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bi J, Zuidema C, Clausen D, Kirwa K, Young MT, Gassett AJ, Seto EYW, Sampson PD, Larson TV, Szpiro AA, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD. Within-City Variation in Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations: Leveraging Low-Cost Monitors in a Spatiotemporal Modeling Framework. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:97008. [PMID: 36169978 PMCID: PMC9518741 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on human and animal experimental studies, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide (CO) may be associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes, but epidemiological evidence of this link is limited. The number and distribution of ground-level regulatory agency monitors are insufficient to characterize fine-scale variations in CO concentrations. OBJECTIVES To develop a daily, high-resolution ambient CO exposure prediction model at the city scale. METHODS We developed a CO prediction model in Baltimore, Maryland, based on a spatiotemporal statistical algorithm with regulatory agency monitoring data and measurements from calibrated low-cost gas monitors. We also evaluated the contribution of three novel parameters to model performance: high-resolution meteorological data, satellite remote sensing data, and copollutant (PM2.5, NO2, and NOx) concentrations. RESULTS The CO model had spatial cross-validation (CV) R2 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.70 and 0.02 parts per million (ppm), respectively; the model had temporal CV R2 and RMSE of 0.61 and 0.04 ppm, respectively. The predictions revealed spatially resolved CO hot spots associated with population, traffic, and other nonroad emission sources (e.g., railroads and airport), as well as sharp concentration decreases within short distances from primary roads. DISCUSSION The three novel parameters did not substantially improve model performance, suggesting that, on its own, our spatiotemporal modeling framework based on geographic features was reliable and robust. As low-cost air monitors become increasingly available, this approach to CO concentration modeling can be generalized to resource-restricted environments to facilitate comprehensive epidemiological research. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Clausen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael T. Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amanda J. Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edmund Y. W. Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul D. Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy V. Larson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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7
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Belz DC, Woo H, Putcha N, Paulin LM, Koehler K, Fawzy A, Alexis NE, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Cooper CB, Couper D, Dransfield M, Gassett AJ, Han M, Hoffman EA, Kanner RE, Krishnan JA, Martinez FJ, Paine R, Peng RD, Peters S, Pirozzi CS, Woodruff PG, Kaufman JD, Hansel NN. Ambient ozone effects on respiratory outcomes among smokers modified by neighborhood poverty: An analysis of SPIROMICS AIR. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154694. [PMID: 35318050 PMCID: PMC9117415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood poverty has been associated with poor health outcomes. Previous studies have also identified adverse respiratory effects of long-term ambient ozone. Factors associated with neighborhood poverty may accentuate the adverse impact of ozone on respiratory health. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether neighborhood poverty modifies the association between ambient ozone exposure and respiratory morbidity including symptoms, exacerbation risk, and radiologic parameters, among participants of the SPIROMICS AIR cohort study. METHODS Spatiotemporal models incorporating cohort-specific monitoring estimated 10-year average outdoor ozone concentrations at participants' homes. Adjusted regression models were used to determine the association of ozone exposure with respiratory outcomes, accounting for demographic factors, education, individual income, body mass index (BMI), and study site. Neighborhood poverty rate was defined by percentage of families living below federal poverty level per census tract. Interaction terms for neighborhood poverty rate with ozone were included in covariate-adjusted models to evaluate for effect modification. RESULTS 1874 participants were included in the analysis, with mean (± SD) age 64 (± 8.8) years and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) 74.7% (±25.8) predicted. Participants resided in neighborhoods with mean poverty rate of 9.9% (±10.3) of families below the federal poverty level and mean 10-year ambient ozone concentration of 24.7 (±5.2) ppb. There was an interaction between neighborhood poverty rate and ozone concentration for numerous respiratory outcomes, including COPD Assessment Test score, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, six-minute walk test, and odds of COPD exacerbation in the year prior to enrollment, such that adverse effects of ozone were greater among participants in higher poverty neighborhoods. CONCLUSION Individuals with COPD in high poverty neighborhoods have higher susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of ambient ozone exposure, after adjusting for individual factors. These findings highlight the interaction between exposures associated with poverty and their effect on respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Belz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Han Woo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center/Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Dr, Pulmonary 5C Ste, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Neil E Alexis
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - R Graham Barr
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - David Couper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Mark Dransfield
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - MeiLan Han
- University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Richard E Kanner
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | - Robert Paine
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Roger D Peng
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Stephen Peters
- Wake Forest University, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Cheryl S Pirozzi
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Bi J, Carmona N, Blanco MN, Gassett AJ, Seto E, Szpiro AA, Larson TV, Sampson PD, Kaufman JD, Sheppard L. Publicly available low-cost sensor measurements for PM 2.5 exposure modeling: Guidance for monitor deployment and data selection. Environ Int 2022; 158:106897. [PMID: 34601393 PMCID: PMC8688284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution, high-quality exposure modeling is critical for assessing the health effects of ambient PM2.5 in epidemiological studies. Using sparse regulatory PM2.5 measurements as principal model inputs may result in two issues in exposure prediction: (1) they may affect the models' accuracy in predicting PM2.5 spatial distribution; (2) the internal validation based on these measurements may not reliably reflect the model performance at locations of interest (e.g., a cohort's residential locations). In this study, we used the PM2.5 measurements from a publicly available commercial low-cost PM2.5 network, PurpleAir, with an external validation dataset at the residential locations of a representative sample of participants from the Adult Changes in Thought - Air Pollution (ACT-AP) study, to improve the accuracy of exposure prediction at the cohort participant locations. We also proposed a metric based on principal component analysis (PCA) - the PCA distance - to assess the similarity between monitor and cohort locations to guide monitor deployment and data selection. The analysis was based on a spatiotemporal modeling framework with 51 "gold-standard" monitors and 58 PurpleAir monitors for model development, as well as 105 home monitors at the cohort locations for model validation, in the Puget Sound region of Washington State from June 2017 to March 2019. After including calibrated PurpleAir measurements as part of the dependent variable, the external spatiotemporal validation R2 and root-mean-square error, RMSE, for two-week concentration averages improved from 0.84 and 2.22 μg/m3 to 0.92 and 1.63 μg/m3, respectively. The external spatial validation R2 and RMSE for long-term averages over the modeling period improved from 0.72 and 1.01 μg/m3 to 0.79 and 0.88 μg/m3, respectively. The exposure predictions incorporating PurpleAir measurements demonstrated sharper urban-suburban concentration gradients. The PurpleAir monitors with shorter PCA distances improved the model's prediction accuracy more substantially than the monitors with longer PCA distances, supporting the use of this similarity metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nancy Carmona
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magali N Blanco
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Zuidema C, Schumacher CS, Austin E, Carvlin G, Larson TV, Spalt EW, Zusman M, Gassett AJ, Seto E, Kaufman JD, Sheppard L. Deployment, Calibration, and Cross-Validation of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors for Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone for an Epidemiological Study. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21124214. [PMID: 34205429 PMCID: PMC8234435 DOI: 10.3390/s21124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and built a network of monitors for ambient air pollution equipped with low-cost gas sensors to be used to supplement regulatory agency monitoring for exposure assessment within a large epidemiological study. This paper describes the development of a series of hourly and daily field calibration models for Alphasense sensors for carbon monoxide (CO; CO-B4), nitric oxide (NO; NO-B4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2; NO2-B43F), and oxidizing gases (OX-B431)—which refers to ozone (O3) and NO2. The monitor network was deployed in the Puget Sound region of Washington, USA, from May 2017 to March 2019. Monitors were rotated throughout the region, including at two Puget Sound Clean Air Agency monitoring sites for calibration purposes, and over 100 residences, including the homes of epidemiological study participants, with the goal of improving long-term pollutant exposure predictions at participant locations. Calibration models improved when accounting for individual sensor performance, ambient temperature and humidity, and concentrations of co-pollutants as measured by other low-cost sensors in the monitors. Predictions from the final daily models for CO and NO performed the best considering agreement with regulatory monitors in cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) and R2 measures (CO: RMSE = 18 ppb, R2 = 0.97; NO: RMSE = 2 ppb, R2 = 0.97). Performance measures for NO2 and O3 were somewhat lower (NO2: RMSE = 3 ppb, R2 = 0.79; O3: RMSE = 4 ppb, R2 = 0.81). These high levels of calibration performance add confidence that low-cost sensor measurements collected at the homes of epidemiological study participants can be integrated into spatiotemporal models of pollutant concentrations, improving exposure assessment for epidemiological inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zuidema
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Cooper S. Schumacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Graeme Carvlin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Timothy V. Larson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 18195, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Marina Zusman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Amanda J. Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 18195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 18195, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.Z.); (C.S.S.); (E.A.); (G.C.); (T.V.L.); (E.W.S.); (M.Z.); (A.J.G.); (E.S.); (J.D.K.)
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 18795, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Ejike CO, Woo H, Galiatsatos P, Paulin LM, Krishnan JA, Cooper CB, Couper DJ, Kanner RE, Bowler RP, Hoffman EA, Comellas AP, Criner GJ, Barr RG, Martinez FJ, Han MK, Martinez CH, Ortega VE, Parekh TM, Christenson SA, Thakur N, Baugh A, Belz DC, Raju S, Gassett AJ, Kaufman JD, Putcha N, Hansel NN. Contribution of Individual and Neighborhood Factors to Racial Disparities in Respiratory Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:987-997. [PMID: 33007162 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0253oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Black adults have worse health outcomes compared with white adults in certain chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Objectives: To determine to what degree disadvantage by individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to racial disparities in COPD outcomes.Methods: Individual and neighborhood-scale sociodemographic characteristics were determined in 2,649 current or former adult smokers with and without COPD at recruitment into SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study). We assessed whether racial differences in symptom, functional, and imaging outcomes (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test score, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, 6-minute-walk test distance, and computed tomography [CT] scan metrics) and severe exacerbation risk were explained by individual or neighborhood SES. Using generalized linear mixed model regression, we compared respiratory outcomes by race, adjusting for confounders and individual-level and neighborhood-level descriptors of SES both separately and sequentially.Measurements and Main Results: After adjusting for COPD risk factors, Black participants had significantly worse respiratory symptoms and quality of life (modified Medical Research Council scale, COPD Assessment Test, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), higher risk of severe exacerbations and higher percentage of emphysema, thicker airways (internal perimeter of 10 mm), and more air trapping on CT metrics compared with white participants. In addition, the association between Black race and respiratory outcomes was attenuated but remained statistically significant after adjusting for individual-level SES, which explained up to 12-35% of racial disparities. Further adjustment showed that neighborhood-level SES explained another 26-54% of the racial disparities in respiratory outcomes. Even after accounting for both individual and neighborhood SES factors, Black individuals continued to have increased severe exacerbation risk and persistently worse CT outcomes (emphysema, air trapping, and airway wall thickness).Conclusions: Disadvantages by individual- and neighborhood-level SES each partly explain disparities in respiratory outcomes between Black individuals and white individuals. Strategies to narrow the gap in SES disadvantages may help to reduce race-related health disparities in COPD; however, further work is needed to identify additional risk factors contributing to persistent disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu O Ejike
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - David J Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R Graham Barr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carlos H Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Oaklawn Hospital, Marshall, Michigan
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Neeta Thakur
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Aaron Baugh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Daniel C Belz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarath Raju
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Zusman M, Gassett AJ, Kirwa K, Barr RG, Cooper CB, Han MK, Kanner RE, Koehler K, Ortega VE, Paine R, Paulin L, Pirozzi C, Rule A, Hansel NN, Kaufman JD. Modeling residential indoor concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , NO x , and secondhand smoke in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD (SPIROMICS) Air study. Indoor Air 2021; 31:702-716. [PMID: 33037695 PMCID: PMC8202242 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased outdoor concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NO2 , NOx ) are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in adults and children. However, people spend most of their time indoors and this is particularly true for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both outdoor and indoor air pollution may accelerate lung function loss in individuals with COPD, but it is not feasible to measure indoor pollutant concentrations in all participants in large cohort studies. We aimed to understand indoor exposures in a cohort of adults (SPIROMICS Air, the SubPopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study of Air pollution). We developed models for the entire cohort based on monitoring in a subset of homes, to predict mean 2-week-measured concentrations of PM2.5 , NO2 , NOx , and nicotine, using home and behavioral questionnaire responses available in the full cohort. Models incorporating socioeconomic, meteorological, behavioral, and residential information together explained about 60% of the variation in indoor concentration of each pollutant. Cross-validated R2 for best indoor prediction models ranged from 0.43 (NOx ) to 0.51 (NO2 ). Models based on questionnaire responses and estimated outdoor concentrations successfully explained most variation in indoor PM2.5 , NO2 , NOx , and nicotine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zusman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - MeiLan K. Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Richard E. Kanner
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care & Occupational Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Victor E. Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases Center for Precision Medicine. Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Laura Paulin
- Pulmonary/Critical Care, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Cheryl Pirozzi
- University Of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ana Rule
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nadia N. Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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12
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Galiatsatos P, Woo H, Paulin LM, Kind A, Putcha N, Gassett AJ, Cooper CB, Dransfield MT, Parekh TM, Oates GR, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Han MK, Peters SP, Krishnan JA, Labaki WW, McCormack MC, Kaufman JD, Hansel NN. The Association Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:981-993. [PMID: 32440110 PMCID: PMC7211318 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s238933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Individual socioeconomic status has been shown to influence the outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, contextual factors may also play a role. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage measured by the area deprivation index (ADI) and COPD-related outcomes. Methods Residential addresses of SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) subjects with COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.70) at baseline were geocoded and linked to their respective ADI national ranking score at the census block group level. The associations between the ADI and COPD-related outcomes were evaluated by examining the contrast between participants living in the most-disadvantaged (top quintile) to the least-disadvantaged (bottom quintile) neighborhood. Regression models included adjustment for individual-level demographics, socioeconomic variables (personal income, education), exposures (smoking status, packs per year, occupational exposures), clinical characteristics (FEV1% predicted, body mass index) and neighborhood rural status. Results A total of 1800 participants were included in the analysis. Participants residing in the most-disadvantaged neighborhoods had 56% higher rate of COPD exacerbation (P<0.001), 98% higher rate of severe COPD exacerbation (P=0.001), a 1.6 point higher CAT score (P<0.001), 3.1 points higher SGRQ (P<0.001), and 24.6 meters less six-minute walk distance (P=0.008) compared with participants who resided in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conclusion Participants with COPD who reside in more-disadvantaged neighborhoods had worse COPD outcomes compared to those residing in less-disadvantaged neighborhoods. Neighborhood effects were independent of individual-level socioeconomic factors, suggesting that contextual factors could be used to inform intervention strategies targeting high-risk persons with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Amy Kind
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine Health Services and Care Research Program and Division of Geriatrics, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gabriela R Oates
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Meilan K Han
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen P Peters
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wassim W Labaki
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meredith C McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Office of the Dean, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Paulin LM, Gassett AJ, Alexis NE, Kirwa K, Kanner RE, Peters S, Krishnan JA, Paine R, Dransfield M, Woodruff PG, Cooper CB, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Pirozzi CS, Han M, Hoffman EA, Martinez FJ, Woo H, Peng RD, Fawzy A, Putcha N, Breysse PN, Kaufman JD, Hansel NN. Association of Long-term Ambient Ozone Exposure With Respiratory Morbidity in Smokers. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:106-115. [PMID: 31816012 PMCID: PMC6902160 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Few studies have investigated the association of long-term ambient ozone exposures with respiratory morbidity among individuals with a heavy smoking history. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of historical ozone exposure with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), computed tomography (CT) scan measures of respiratory disease, patient-reported outcomes, disease severity, and exacerbations in smokers with or at risk for COPD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cross-sectional study, conducted from November 1, 2010, to July 31, 2018, obtained data from the Air Pollution Study, an ancillary study of SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study). Data analyzed were from participants enrolled at 7 (New York City, New York; Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles, California; Ann Arbor, Michigan; San Francisco, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina) of the 12 SPIROMICS clinical sites. Included participants had historical ozone exposure data (n = 1874), were either current or former smokers (≥20 pack-years), were with or without COPD, and were aged 40 to 80 years at baseline. Healthy persons with a smoking history of 1 or more pack-years were excluded from the present analysis. EXPOSURES The 10-year mean historical ambient ozone concentration at participants' residences estimated by cohort-specific spatiotemporal modeling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Spirometry-confirmed COPD, chronic bronchitis diagnosis, CT scan measures (emphysema, air trapping, and airway wall thickness), 6-minute walk test, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) % predicted, and self-report of exacerbations in the 12 months before SPIROMICS enrollment, adjusted for demographics, smoking, and job exposure. RESULTS A total of 1874 SPIROMICS participants were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 64.5 [8.8] years; 1479 [78.9%] white; and 1013 [54.1%] male). In adjusted analysis, a 5-ppb (parts per billion) increase in ozone concentration was associated with a greater percentage of emphysema (β = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.25-1.64; P = .007) and percentage of air trapping (β = 1.60; 95% CI, 0.16-3.04; P = .03); worse scores for the mMRC Dyspnea Scale (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.17; P = .008), CAT (β = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.05-1.26; P = .04), and SGRQ (β = 1.47; 95% CI, 0.01-2.93; P = .048); lower FEV1% predicted value (β = -2.50; 95% CI, -4.42 to -0.59; P = .01); and higher odds of any exacerbation (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.66; P = .002) and severe exacerbation (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76; P = .01). No association was found between historical ozone exposure and chronic bronchitis, COPD, airway wall thickness, or 6-minute walk test result. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that long-term historical ozone exposure was associated with reduced lung function, greater emphysema and air trapping on CT scan, worse patient-reported outcomes, and increased respiratory exacerbations for individuals with a history of heavy smoking. The association between ozone exposure and adverse respiratory outcomes suggests the need for continued reevaluation of ambient pollution standards that are designed to protect the most vulnerable members of the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Paulin
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stephen Peters
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Cheryl S Pirozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Han Woo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger D Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Zusman M, Schumacher CS, Gassett AJ, Spalt EW, Austin E, Larson TV, Carvlin G, Seto E, Kaufman JD, Sheppard L. Calibration of low-cost particulate matter sensors: Model development for a multi-city epidemiological study. Environ Int 2020; 134:105329. [PMID: 31783241 PMCID: PMC7363217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost air monitoring sensors are an appealing tool for assessing pollutants in environmental studies. Portable low-cost sensors hold promise to expand temporal and spatial coverage of air quality information. However, researchers have reported challenges in these sensors' operational quality. We evaluated the performance characteristics of two widely used sensors, the Plantower PMS A003 and Shinyei PPD42NS, for measuring fine particulate matter compared to reference methods, and developed regional calibration models for the Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Baltimore, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Winston-Salem and Seattle metropolitan areas. Duplicate Plantower PMS A003 sensors demonstrated a high level of precision (averaged Pearson's r = 0.99), and compared with regulatory instruments, showed good accuracy (cross-validated R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 1.15 µg/m3 for daily averaged PM2.5 estimates in the Seattle region). Shinyei PPD42NS sensor results had lower precision (Pearson's r = 0.84) and accuracy (cross-validated R2 = 0.40, RMSE = 4.49 µg/m3). Region-specific Plantower PMS A003 models, calibrated with regulatory instruments and adjusted for temperature and relative humidity, demonstrated acceptable performance metrics for daily average measurements in the other six regions (R2 = 0.74-0.95, RMSE = 2.46-0.84 µg/m3). Applying the Seattle model to the other regions resulted in decreased performance (R2 = 0.67-0.84, RMSE = 3.41-1.67 µg/m3), likely due to differences in meteorological conditions and particle sources. We describean approach to metropolitan region-specific calibration models for low-cost sensors that can be used with cautionfor exposure measurement in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zusman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cooper S Schumacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Graeme Carvlin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Miller KA, Spalt EW, Gassett AJ, Curl CL, Larson TV, Avol E, Allen RW, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD. Estimating ambient-origin PM 2.5 exposure for epidemiology: observations, prediction, and validation using personal sampling in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:227-237. [PMID: 30166581 PMCID: PMC6380932 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to characterize the qualities of estimation approaches for individual exposure to ambient-origin fine particulate matter (PM2.5), for use in epidemiological studies. METHODS The analysis incorporates personal, home indoor, and home outdoor air monitoring data and spatio-temporal model predictions for 60 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air). We compared measurement-based personal PM2.5 exposure with several measured or predicted estimates of outdoor, indoor, and personal exposures. RESULTS The mean personal 2-week exposure was 7.6 (standard deviation 3.7) µg/m3. Outdoor model predictions performed far better than outdoor concentrations estimated using a nearest-monitor approach (R = 0.63 versus R = 0.43). Incorporating infiltration indoors of ambient-derived PM2.5 provided better estimates of the measurement-based personal exposures than outdoor concentration predictions (R = 0.81 versus R = 0.63) and better scaling of estimated exposure (mean difference 0.4 versus 5.4 µg/m3 higher than measurements), suggesting there is value to collecting data regarding home infiltration. Incorporating individual-level time-location information into exposure predictions did not increase correlations with measurement-based personal exposures (R = 0.80) in our sample consisting primarily of retired persons. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates the importance of incorporating infiltration when estimating individual exposure to ambient air pollution. Spatio-temporal models provide substantial improvement in exposure estimation over a nearest monitor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ed Avol
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Burkes RM, Gassett AJ, Ceppe AS, Anderson W, O'Neal WK, Woodruff PG, Krishnan JA, Barr RG, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Comellas AP, Lambert AA, Kaufman JD, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Kanner RE, Paine R, Bleecker ER, Paulin LM, Hansel NN, Drummond MB. Rural Residence and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:808-816. [PMID: 29584453 PMCID: PMC6207115 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201710-837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Rural residence is associated with poor outcomes in several chronic diseases. The association between rural residence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations remains unclear.Objectives: In this work, we sought to determine the independent association between rural residence and COPD-related outcomes, including COPD exacerbations, airflow obstruction, and symptom burden.Methods: A total of 1,684 SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study) participants with forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.70 had geocoding-defined rural-urban residence status determined (N = 204 rural and N = 1,480 urban). Univariate and multivariate logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the independent association between rurality and COPD outcomes, including exacerbations, lung function, and symptom burden. The primary exposure of interest was rural residence, determined by geocoding of the home address to the block level at the time of study enrollment. Additional covariates of interest included demographic and clinical characteristics, occupation, and occupational exposures. The primary outcome measures were exacerbations determined over a 1-year course after enrollment by quarterly telephone calls and at an annual research clinic visit. The odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of exacerbations that required treatment with medications, including steroids or antibiotics (total exacerbations), and exacerbations leading to hospitalization (severe exacerbations) were determined after adjusting for relevant covariates.Results: Rural residence was independently associated with a 70% increase in the odds of total exacerbations (OR, 1.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.56]; P = 0.012) and a 46% higher incidence rate of total exacerbations (IRR 1.46 [95% CI, 1.02-2.10]; P = 0.039). There was no association between rural residence and severe exacerbations. Agricultural occupation was independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total and severe exacerbations. Inclusion of agricultural occupation in the analysis attenuated the association between rural residence and the odds and incidence rate of total exacerbations (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.00-2.32]; P = 0.05 and IRR 1.39 [95% CI, 0.97-1.99]; P = 0.07). There was no difference in symptoms or airflow obstruction between rural and urban participants.Conclusions: Rural residence is independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total, but not severe, COPD exacerbations. These associations are not fully explained by agriculture-related exposures, highlighting the need for future research into potential mechanisms of the increased risk of COPD exacerbations in the rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Agathe S Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wayne Anderson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Allison A Lambert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Mitchell C, Korcarz CE, Gepner AD, Kaufman JD, Post WS, Tracy R, Gassett AJ, Ma N, McClelland RL, Stein JH. Abstract 470: Ultrasound Carotid Plaque Features, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Events: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Grayscale ultrasound atherosclerotic plaque characteristics may predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, though they have not been investigated in a large primary prevention cohort. This study determined if CVD risk factors were associated with carotid plaque ultrasound characteristics and if these characteristics could predict future coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) events in a multi-ethnic cohort free of known CVD at baseline.
Methods:
We measured carotid artery total plaque area (TPA) and grayscale carotid plaque features (grayscale median, black areas, and discrete white areas) at baseline in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis that had B-mode carotid ultrasound examinations. There were 2205 participants with images available for TPA analyses and 1703 with images available for grayscale analyses. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine relationships between baseline ultrasound carotid plaque features and CVD risk factors. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess their ability to predict incident CHD and stroke/TIA events over an average follow-up of 13.3 years. The predictive characteristics of TPA and carotid plaque features were compared to carotid plaque score and coronary artery calcification (CAC) score.
Results:
Participants were mean (standard deviation) 65.4 (9.6) years old, 49% male, 39% White, 28% Black, 22% Hispanic, and 11% Chinese. Mean TPA (27.7 [24.7] mm
2
), but not grayscale plaque features, were associated with several CVD risk factors. In risk factor-adjusted models, TPA was the only plaque feature that predicted incident CHD events (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.36; p<0.001) with C-statistics for CHD that were similar to carotid plaque score, but lower than CAC score. TPA did not independently predict stroke/TIA events. No gray scale plaque feature predicted future CHD or stroke/TIA events.
Conclusions:
In middle-aged individuals free of known CVD, carotid TPA was associated with CVD risk factors and predicted incident CHD events while grayscale plaque features did not. For CHD, predictive characteristics of TPA were similar to carotid plaque score but lower than CAC score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam D Gepner
- Univ of Wisconsin Madison, Willliam S. Middleton VA Memorial Hosp, Madison, WI
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18
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Tibuakuu M, Jones MR, Navas-Acien A, Zhao D, Guallar E, Gassett AJ, Sheppard L, Budoff MJ, Kaufman JD, Michos ED. Exposure to ambient air pollution and calcification of the mitral annulus and aortic valve: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Environ Health 2017; 16:133. [PMID: 29268751 PMCID: PMC5740967 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to high ambient air pollution has been associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Calcifications of left-sided heart valves are also markers of CVD risk. We investigated whether air pollution was associated with valvular calcification and its progression. METHODS We studied 6253 MESA participants aged 45-84 years who underwent two cardiac CT scans 2.5 years apart to quantify aortic valve calcium (AVC) and mitral annular calcium (MAC). CAC was included for the same timeframe for comparison with AVC/MAC. Ambient particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) concentrations were predicted from residence-specific spatio-temporal models. RESULTS The mean age (SD) of the study sample was 62 (10) years, 39% were white, 27% black, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese. The prevalence of AVC and MAC at baseline were 13% and 9% respectively, compared to 50% prevalence of CAC. The adjusted prevalence ratios of AVC and MAC for each 5 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 was 1.19 (95% CI 0.87, 1.62) and 1.20 (0.81, 1.77) respectively, and for CAC was 1.14 (1.01, 1.27). Over 2.5 years, the mean change in Agatston units/year for each 5 μg/m3 higher PM2.5 concentration was 0.29 (-5.05, 5.63) for AVC and 4.38 (-9.13, 17.88) for MAC, compared to 8.66 (0.61, 16.71) for CAC. We found no significant associations of NOx with AVC and MAC. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a trend towards increased 2.5-year progression of MAC with exposure to outdoor PM2.5, although this association could not be confirmed. Additional well-powered studies with longer periods of follow-up are needed to further study associations of air pollution with valvular calcium. TRIAL REGISTRATION Although MESA is not a clinical trial, this cohort is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005487; Date of registration May 25, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tibuakuu
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s Hospital, Chesterfield, MO USA
| | - Miranda R. Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Amanda J. Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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19
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Hansel NN, Paulin LM, Gassett AJ, Peng RD, Alexis N, Fan VS, Bleecker E, Bowler R, Comellas AP, Dransfield M, Han MK, Kim V, Krishnan JA, Pirozzi C, Cooper CB, Martinez F, Woodruff PG, Breysse PJ, Barr RG, Kaufman JD. Design of the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD (SPIROMICS) AIR Study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2017; 4:e000186. [PMID: 28948026 PMCID: PMC5595208 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Population-based epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollutants increases hospitalisations and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but less is known about the impact of exposure to air pollutants on patient-reported outcomes, morbidity and progression of COPD. Methods and analysis The Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD (SPIROMICS) Air Pollution Study (SPIROMICS AIR) was initiated in 2013 to investigate the relation between individual-level estimates of short-term and long-term air pollution exposures, day-to-day symptom variability and disease progression in individuals with COPD. SPIROMICS AIR builds on a multicentre study of smokers with COPD, supplementing it with state-of-the-art air pollution exposure assessments of fine particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. In the parent study, approximately 3000 smokers with and without airflow obstruction are being followed for up to 3 years for the identification of intermediate biomarkers which predict disease progression. Subcohorts undergo daily symptom monitoring using comprehensive daily diaries. The air monitoring and modelling methods employed in SPIROMICS AIR will provide estimates of individual exposure that incorporate residence-specific infiltration characteristics and participant-specific time-activity patterns. The overarching study aim is to understand the health effects of short-term and long-term exposures to air pollution on COPD morbidity, including exacerbation risk, patient-reported outcomes and disease progression. Ethics and dissemination The institutional review boards of all the participating institutions approved the study protocols. The results of the trial will be presented at national and international meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Hansel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Roger D Peng
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil Alexis
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vincent S Fan
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eugene Bleecker
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Dransfield
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Victor Kim
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Pirozzi
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Prescott G Woodruff
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patrick J Breysse
- National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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20
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Kaufman JD, Adar SD, Barr RG, Budoff M, Burke GL, Curl CL, Daviglus ML, Diez Roux AV, Gassett AJ, Jacobs DR, Kronmal R, Larson TV, Navas-Acien A, Olives C, Sampson PD, Sheppard L, Siscovick DS, Stein JH, Szpiro AA, Watson KE. Association between air pollution and coronary artery calcification within six metropolitan areas in the USA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 2016; 388:696-704. [PMID: 27233746 PMCID: PMC5019949 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and traffic-related air pollutant concentrations are associated with cardiovascular risk. The disease process underlying these associations remains uncertain. We aim to assess association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and progression of coronary artery calcium and common carotid artery intima-media thickness. METHODS In this prospective 10-year cohort study, we repeatedly measured coronary artery calcium by CT in 6795 participants aged 45-84 years enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) in six metropolitan areas in the USA. Repeated scans were done for nearly all participants between 2002 and 2005, for a subset of participants between 2005 and 2007, and for half of all participants between 2010 and 2012. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured by ultrasound in all participants at baseline and in 2010-12 for 3459 participants. Residence-specific spatio-temporal pollution concentration models, incorporating community-specific measurements, agency monitoring data, and geographical predictors, estimated concentrations of PM2.5 and nitrogen oxides (NOX) between 1999 and 2012. The primary aim was to examine the association between both progression of coronary artery calcium and mean carotid artery intima-media thickness and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, NOX, and black carbon) between examinations and within the six metropolitan areas, adjusting for baseline age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, site, and CT scanner technology. FINDINGS In this population, coronary calcium increased on average by 24 Agatston units per year (SD 58), and intima-media thickness by 12 μm per year (10), before adjusting for risk factors or air pollutant exposures. Participant-specific pollutant concentrations averaged over the years 2000-10 ranged from 9.2-22.6 μg PM2.5/m(3) and 7.2-139.2 parts per billion (ppb) NOX. For each 5 μg PM2.5/m(3) increase, coronary calcium progressed by 4.1 Agatston units per year (95% CI 1.4-6.8) and for each 40 ppb NOX coronary calcium progressed by 4.8 Agatston units per year (0.9-8.7). Pollutant exposures were not associated with intima-media thickness change. The estimate for the effect of a 5 μg/m(3) higher long-term exposure to PM2.5 in intima-media thickness was -0.9 μm per year (95% CI -3.0 to 1.3). For 40 ppb higher NOX, the estimate was 0.2 μm per year (-1.9 to 2.4). INTERPRETATION Increased concentrations of PM2.5 and traffic-related air pollution within metropolitan areas, in ranges commonly encountered worldwide, are associated with progression in coronary calcification, consistent with acceleration of atherosclerosis. This study supports the case for global efforts of pollution reduction in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. FUNDING US Environmental Protection Agency and US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Gregory L Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Richard Kronmal
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey Olives
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James H Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karol E Watson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gassett AJ, Sheppard L, McClelland RL, Olives C, Kronmal R, Blaha MJ, Budoff M, Kaufman JD. Risk Factors for Long-Term Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001726. [PMID: 26251281 PMCID: PMC4599452 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) detected by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography scanning is a measure of coronary atherosclerosis burden. Increasing CAC levels have been strongly associated with increased coronary events. Prior studies of cardiovascular disease risk factors and CAC progression have been limited by short follow-up or restricted to patients with advanced disease. Methods and Results We examined cardiovascular disease risk factors and CAC progression in a prospective multiethnic cohort study. CAC was measured 1 to 4 times (mean 2.5 scans) over 10 years in 6810 adults without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Mean CAC progression was 23.9 Agatston units/year. An innovative application of mixed-effects models investigated associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and CAC progression. This approach adjusted for time-varying factors, was flexible with respect to follow-up time and number of observations per participant, and allowed simultaneous control of factors associated with both baseline CAC and CAC progression. Models included age, sex, study site, scanner type, and race/ethnicity. Associations were observed between CAC progression and age (14.2 Agatston units/year per 10 years [95% CI 13.0 to 15.5]), male sex (17.8 Agatston units/year [95% CI 15.3 to 20.3]), hypertension (13.8 Agatston units/year [95% CI 11.2 to 16.5]), diabetes (31.3 Agatston units/year [95% CI 27.4 to 35.3]), and other factors. Conclusions CAC progression analyzed over 10 years of follow-up, with a novel analytical approach, demonstrated strong relationships with risk factors for incident cardiovascular events. Longitudinal CAC progression analyzed in this framework can be used to evaluate novel cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Casey Olives
- University of Washington School of Public HealthSeattle, WA
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart DiseaseBaltimore, MD
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor – UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- University of Washington School of Public HealthSeattle, WA
- Correspondence to: Joel D. Kaufman, MD, MPH, University of Washington, Box 354695, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105. E-mail:
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