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Guerreiro ADS, Guterres BDV, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Botelho SSDC, Sandrini JZ. Combined physiological and behavioral approaches as tools to evaluate environmental risk assessment of the water accommodated-fraction of diesel oil. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 249:106230. [PMID: 35797851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern related to the toxic effects of the soluble portion of diesel oil on aquatic ecosystems and the organisms living in them. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of diesel water accommodated-fraction (WAF) on behavioral and biochemical responses of mussels Perna perna. Animals were exposed to 5 and 20% of WAF for 96 h. Prior to the beginning of the experiments, Hall effect sensors and magnets were attached to the valves of the mussels. Valve gaping behavior was continuously recorded for 12 h of exposure and tissues (gills and digestive gland) were separated after 96 h of exposure. Overall, both behavior and biochemical biomarkers were altered due to WAF exposure. Animals exposed to WAF reduced the average amplitude of the valves and the fraction of time opened, and presented greater transition frequency, demonstrating avoidance behavior over the 12 h period. Furthermore, the biochemical biomarkers (GSH, GST, SOD and CAT) were altered following the 96 h of exposure to WAF. Considering the results presented, this study demonstrates the toxic potential of WAF in both shorter and longer exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Vargas Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Computação. Centro de Ciências Computacionais, C3. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Silva da Costa Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Computação. Centro de Ciências Computacionais, C3. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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da Silva AR, Guerreiro ADS, Martins SE, Sandrini JZ. DCOIT unbalances the antioxidant defense system in juvenile and adults of the marine bivalve Amarilladesma mactroides (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109169. [PMID: 34418533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
DCOIT is a co-biocide that is part of the formulation of the commercial antifouling Sea-Nine 211® and although it is "safe to use", negative effects have been reported on the antioxidant defense system of non-target organisms. Therefore, the objective of this research was to verify and compare the response of antioxidant enzymes of juveniles and adults of Amarilladesma mactroides exposed to DCOIT. The animals were exposed to solvent control (DMSO 0.01%) and DCOIT (measured concentration 0.01 mg/L and 0.13 mg/L) for 96 h, then gills, digestive gland and mantle were collected for analysis of the enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The results revealed that adults, in relation to juveniles, have low basal activity of GST and SOD enzymes in the gills and digestive gland and high basal activity of SOD and CAT in the mantle. DCOIT did not alter GST activity in the gills of any life stage, while both concentrations decreased SOD and CAT in adults. In the digestive gland, it was observed that DCOIT (0.13 mg/L) decreased the GST activity in adults and CAT in juveniles, and both concentrations of the co-biocide decreased the SOD and CAT in adults. In the mantle, DCOIT (0.13 mg/L) increased CAT in juveniles. We conclude that juveniles have greater basal activity of antioxidant enzymes than adults and, in addition, DCOIT negatively affected the adults of A. mactroides, mainly decreasing the activity of GST, SOD and CAT in the gills and digestive gland of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Rayol da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Gabe HB, Guerreiro ADS, Sandrini JZ. Molecular and biochemical effects of the antifouling DCOIT in the mussel Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108870. [PMID: 32814145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biological fouling is an unwanted phenomenon that results in economic losses to the shipping industry. To prevent fouling, antifouling paints are used. DCOIT (4,5- dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is a biocide present in many antifouling paint formulations, and is toxic to a wide range of organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DCOIT on oxidative stress indicators of the brown mussel, Perna perna. Molecular (SOD-like, GSTO-like and MGST-like mRNA levels) and biochemical (activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and levels of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyls (PCO)) components were evaluated. Further, levels of biomarkers were assessed in the gills and digestive glands of mussels. Bivalves were exposed to DCOIT (control, 0.1 μg/L and 10 μg/L) for up to 96 h. DCOIT exposure decreased GSH content in gills. Moreover, exposure to DCOIT also decreased CAT activity in the gills and digestive glands of mussels. GST activity increased in digestive gland after exposure for 24 h to both concentrations of DCOIT tested. SOD activity, ROS levels and PCO content were not affected by exposure to the contaminant. Regarding the molecular biomarkers evaluated, DCOIT exposure altered mRNA levels of SOD-like in both tissues after 24 and 96 h of exposure, and decreased MGST-like mRNA levels in the digestive gland after 96 h of exposure to the chemical. These findings suggested that exposure to DCOIT may alter the biochemical and molecular functioning of P. perna, which may harm the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloísa Bárbara Gabe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Guerreiro ADS, Lemos Abreu FE, Fillmann G, Sandrini JZ. Corrigendum to "Effects of chlorothalonil on the antioxidant defense system of mussels Perna perna" previously published at EES [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 190 (2020) 110119]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110814. [PMID: 32485492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fiamma Eugênia Lemos Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, IO, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, IO, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Guerreiro ADS, Monteiro JS, Medeiros ID, Sandrini JZ. First evidence of transcriptional modulation by chlorothalonil in mussels Perna perna. Chemosphere 2020; 255:126947. [PMID: 32388261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gills are considered a key player in organism defenses against environmental pollutants. Since it is the major site of uptake of waterborne chemicals, the modulation of important cellular defenses is expected in this tissue. Chlorothalonil, a fungicide presented in herbicides and antifouling paints, might be responsible for toxicity in marine biota. In this context, mussels were exposed to 0.1 μgL-1 and 10 μgL-1 of chlorothalonil for 24 h and 96 h. Genes from biotransformation and antioxidant defense pathways were investigated. Overall, we report, for the first time, an increase in the transcripts of the AhR-like, SULT1A1-like, CYP1A2-like, GSTO-like, MGST-like and SOD-like genes in the gills of the brown mussel Perna perna. This up-regulation was observed mostly after 96 h of exposure to chlorothalonil. Those results reinforce the important role of gills in xenobiotic metabolism and suggest the involvement of the mentioned genes in the detoxification of the compound. Throughout biotransformation and antioxidant defenses pathway, mussels exposed to chlorothalonil are activating mechanisms of defense against this contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jhonatas Sirino Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática. Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica. Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Dias Medeiros
- Instituto do Mar, IMar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Campus Baixada Santista, 11070-100, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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de Vargas Guterres B, da Silveira Guerreiro A, Sandrini JZ, Silva da Costa Botelho S. Feasibility of visual signals on the construction of biosensors based on behavioral analysis of Perna perna mussels. ECOL INFORM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fonseca VB, Guerreiro ADS, Vargas MA, Sandrini JZ. Effects of DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) to the haemocytes of mussels Perna perna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 232:108737. [PMID: 32142921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs rely only on an innate immune system to execute cellular and humoral processes. Haemocytes, the haemolymph circulating cells, play a major role in this type of immunity, principally regarding cellular defences. Considering that environmental pollutants can affect the immune system of invertebrates, this work evaluated the effects of the antifouling biocide 4,5-dicloro-2-n-octil-4-isotiazolin-3-ona (DCOIT) on the haemocytes of mussels Perna perna. Individuals were exposed to 0 (control), 0.1 μg L-1 and 10 μg L-1 of DCOIT for up to 96 h. The analysed parameters included: total (THC) and differential (DHC) haemocyte count, cellular viability, adhesion capacity, phagocytic activity, levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Moreover, the stress on stress (SOS) response of mussels was analysed as a general stress index. The results show that DCOIT increased the haemocyte adhesion capacity and caused a decrease in THC and in the haemocyte viability after 24 h of exposure. After 96 h of exposure, DCOIT only affected the haemocyte adhesion capacity, which was decreased by biocide exposure. Moreover, exposure to DCOIT for 96 h did not affect the capacity for air survival of mussels. These results indicate that DCOIT interferes in important parameters associated with the innate immunity of P. perna, mainly after 24 h of exposure. It is suggested that the animals were able to develop some compensatory response strategy, making them more resistant to the biocide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Barneche Fonseca
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av Itália km 8, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Guerreiro ADS, Abreu FEL, Fillmann G, Sandrini JZ. Effects of chlorothalonil on the antioxidant defense system of mussels Perna perna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110119. [PMID: 31891835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is an effective fungicide used in agriculture and formulations of antifouling paints, which use and possible toxicity has been generating great concern. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of chlorothalonil on the antioxidant defense system (ADS) of the mussel Perna perna. The ADS was evaluated in gills and digestive gland after 24 h and 96 h of exposure to environmental relevant levels of chlorothalonil (0.1 and 10 μg/L). The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutamate cysteine-ligase (GCL) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), levels of non-enzymatic defenses, represented by glutathione (GSH), and lipoperoxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls (PCO) were evaluated. Results indicated that exposure to chlorothalonil is affecting the ADS in both tissues. While the activity of SOD increased and GST and GSH were not altered in gills, they decreased in digestive gland after 24 h of exposure to 10 μg/L of chlorothalonil. The contrasting results indicate that gills and digestive gland presented different patterns of responses after exposure to chlorothalonil. Moreover, a tissue-specific response to chlorothalonil was observed. Gills could be acting as the first line of defense, presenting higher enzymatic levels with minor effects on the parameters analyzed. On the other hand, digestive gland, with lower levels of antioxidant defenses, was the most affect organ by chlorothalonil. It also should be highlighted that the fungicide reduced the glutathione metabolism in the digestive gland, which can lead to an imbalance of the redox state within the cells of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fiamma Eugênia Lemos Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, IO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, IO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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de Melo Tarouco F, de Godoi FGA, Velasques RR, da Silveira Guerreiro A, Geihs MA, da Rosa CE. Effects of the herbicide Roundup on the polychaeta Laeonereis acuta: Cholinesterases and oxidative stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 135:259-266. [PMID: 27750093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate based herbicides, including Roundup, are widely employed in agriculture and urban spaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of Roundup on the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta. Biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as acetylcholinesterase and propionilcholinesterase activities were analyzed. Firstly, the LC50 96h for L. acuta was established (8.19mg/L). After, the animals were exposed to two Roundup concentrations: 3.25mg/L (non-observed effect concentration - NOEC) and 5.35mg/L (LC10) for 24h and 96h. Oxygen consumption was determined and the animals were divided into three body regions (anterior, middle and posterior) for biochemical analysis. An inhibition of both cholinesterase isoforms were observed in animals exposed to both Roundup concentrations after 96h. A significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction was observed in the posterior region of animals in both periods, while antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) was reduced in the posterior region of animals exposed for 24h. Considering the antioxidant defense system, both GSH levels and enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutamate cysteine ligase) were not altered after exposure. Lipid peroxidation was reduced in all analyzed body regions in both Roundup concentrations after 24h. Animals exposed to the highest concentration presented a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the anterior region after 96h, while animals exposed to the lowest concentration presented a reduction in the middle region. Overall results indicate that Roundup exposure presents toxicity to L. acuta, causing a disruption in ROS and ACAP levels as well as affects the cholinergic system of this invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio de Melo Tarouco
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil.
| | | | - Robson Rabelo Velasques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil.
| | - Amanda da Silveira Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo da Rosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil.
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