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Landi N, Ragucci S, Letizia F, Fuggi A, Russo R, Pedone PV, Di Maro A. A haem-peroxidase from the seeds of Araujia sericifera: Characterization and use as bio-tool to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ferchichi S, Hessini K, Dell Aversana E, D Amelia L, Woodrow P, Ciarmiello LF, Fuggi A, Carillo P. Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum maritimum respond to extended salinity stress displaying different temporal accumulation pattern of metabolites. Funct Plant Biol 2018; 45:1096-1109. [PMID: 32290971 DOI: 10.1071/fp18046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum maritimum With. (= H. marinum Huds. subsp. marinum, 2n=14) is a wild cereal present in the saline depressions of the Soliman and Kelbia Sebkhas, which contributes significantly to annual biomass production in Tunisia. This species is able to tolerate high NaCl concentrations at the seedling stage without showing symptoms of toxicity; however, the tolerance strategy mechanisms of this plant have not yet been unravelled. Our metabolite analysis, performed on leaves of H. maritimum during extended stress in comparison with Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Lamsi, has revealed an adaptive response of the wild species based on a different temporal accumulation pattern of ions and compatible metabolites. Further, wild and cultivated genotypes with contrasting salt-tolerant behaviour display different pattern of metabolites when salt stress is prolonged over 2 weeks. In particular, when exposed to up to 3 weeks of 200mM NaCl salt stress, H. maritimum is able to maintain lower leaf concentrations of sodium and chloride, and higher concentrations of potassium compared with H. vulgare. This likely restricts sodium entry into plants at the root level, and uses the toxic ions, glycine betaine and low levels of proline for osmotic adjustment. Under prolonged stress, the accumulation of proline increases, reaching the highest levels in concomitance with the decrease of potassium to sodium ratio, the increase of hydrogen peroxide and decrease of chlorophylls. The modulation of proline accumulation over time can be interpreted as an adaptive response to long-term salinity. Moreover, once synthetised glycine betaine is transported but not metabolised, it can contribute together with proline to osmotically balance H. maritimum leaves and protect them from oxidative stress. The 2-3 week delay of H. maritimum in showing the symptoms of stress and damages compared with H. vulgare could be important in the survival of plants when soil salinity is not a permanent condition, but just a transient state of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, University of Elmanar, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, University of Elmanar, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Emilia Dell Aversana
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luisa D Amelia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Loredana F Ciarmiello
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Mirto A, Iannuzzi F, Carillo P, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Fuggi A. Metabolic characterization and antioxidant activity in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) Campania accessions. Food Chem 2018; 240:559-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mirto A, Iannuzzi F, Carillo P, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Fuggi A. Dataset on antioxidant metabolites and enzymes activities of freshly harvested sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) of Campania accessions. Data Brief 2017; 15:522-527. [PMID: 29071288 PMCID: PMC5651485 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we reported the original data obtained by the study of metabolites and enzymes involved in sweet cherry antioxidant system. We measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, we measured the concentration of reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione that are involved in ROS detoxification together with phenolics, anthocyanins and tocopherols. Among antioxidant enzymes, we analyzed the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), and the soluble and bound forms of polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7). The data reported in this paper are related to the research article "Metabolic characterization and antioxidant activity in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) Campania accessions", authored by Mirto et al. (2018) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
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Woodrow P, Ciarmiello LF, Annunziata MG, Pacifico S, Iannuzzi F, Mirto A, D'Amelia L, Dell'Aversana E, Piccolella S, Fuggi A, Carillo P. Durum wheat seedling responses to simultaneous high light and salinity involve a fine reconfiguration of amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism. Physiol Plant 2017; 159:290-312. [PMID: 27653956 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat plants are extremely sensitive to drought and salinity during seedling and early development stages. Their responses to stresses have been extensively studied to provide new metabolic targets and improving the tolerance to adverse environments. Most of these studies have been performed in growth chambers under low light [300-350 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), LL]. However, in nature plants have to face frequent fluctuations of light intensities that often exceed their photosynthetic capacity (900-2000 µmol m-2 s-1 ). In this study we investigated the physiological and metabolic changes potentially involved in osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense in durum wheat seedlings under high light (HL) and salinity. The combined application of the two stresses decreased the water potential and stomatal conductance without reducing the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. Glycine betaine (GB) synthesis was inhibited, proline and glutamate content decreased, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), amides and minor amino acids increased. The expression level and enzymatic activities of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, asparagine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, were analyzed. Antioxidant enzymes and metabolites were also considered. The results showed that the complex interplay seen in durum wheat plants under salinity at LL was simplified: GB and antioxidants did not play a main role. On the contrary, the fine tuning of few specific primary metabolites (GABA, amides, minor amino acids and hexoses) remodeled metabolism and defense processes, playing a key role in the response to simultaneous stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Woodrow
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Loredana F Ciarmiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Federica Iannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Antonio Mirto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Luisa D'Amelia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Emilia Dell'Aversana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, 81100, Italy
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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Annunziata MG, Ciarmiello LF, Woodrow P, Maximova E, Fuggi A, Carillo P. Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2035. [PMID: 28119716 PMCID: PMC5220018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. Salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mOsmol kg-1 in control roots to about 530 mOsmol kg-1 in roots under salinity. Root cells adapt to salinity by sequestering sodium in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and showing a rearrangement of few nitrogen-containing metabolites and sucrose in the cytosol, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection, thus providing plant viability even at low nitrate levels. Mainly glycine betaine and sucrose at low nitrate concentration, and glycine betaine, asparagine and proline at high nitrate levels can be assumed responsible for the osmotic adjustment of the cytosol, the assimilation of the excess of ammonium and the scavenging of ROS under salinity. High nitrate plants with half of the root system under salinity accumulate proline and glutamine in both control and salt stressed split roots, revealing that osmotic adjustment is not a regional effect in plants. The expression level and enzymatic activities of asparagine synthetase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Loredana F. Ciarmiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
| | - Eugenia Maximova
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Caserta, Italy
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Papa S, Bartoli G, Nacca F, D'Abrosca B, Cembrola E, Pellegrino A, Fiorentino A, Fuggi A, Fioretto A. Trace metals, peroxidase activity, PAHs contents and ecophysiological changes in Quercus ilex leaves in the urban area of Caserta (Italy). J Environ Manage 2012; 113:501-509. [PMID: 22868269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, severely affecting human, animal and plants health, highly contribute to the air pollution in urban areas mainly due to car traffic. In this study the air biomonitoring of the city of Caserta (South Italy) has been performed by using Quercus ilex L., a widespread ornamental plant in parks, gardens and avenues. The plant leaves from different sites within the urban area were collected and used to determine the concentrations of V, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and PAHs as well as the free amino acid content and peroxidase enzyme activity as indices of the leaf physiological conditions. All the tested trace metals showed concentrations higher than the control site. Lead was positively correlated to Cd and Cr and showed, also, a positive trend with Ni and Cu that, in their turn, were highly correlated between them. Positive and significant correlations were evidenced between total PAHs and carcinogenic PAHs and negative correlations between those and all trace metals assayed except V. Cu and Cd contents evidence negative correlations with peroxidase activity, and the free amino acid contents. The PAHs, in particular Carc-PAHs, were negatively correlated to the tested heavy metals. POD was positively correlated only with V and negatively correlated with Cu and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi n° 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Annunziata MG, Attico A, Woodrow P, Oliva MA, Fuggi A, Carillo P. An improved fluorimetric HPLC method for quantifying tocopherols in Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris after harvest. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Woodrow P, Fuggi A, Pontecorvo G, Kafantaris I, Annunziata MG, Massaro G, Carillo P. cDNA cloning and differential expression patterns of ascorbate peroxidase during post-harvest in Brassica rapa L. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7843-53. [PMID: 22544572 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an antioxidant and a cofactor of many dioxygenases in plant and animal cell metabolism. A well-recognized enzyme consuming ascorbate is ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water with the simultaneous oxidation of ascorbate with a high specificity. The isolation and characterisation of new Apx cDNAs, could provide new insights about the physiological roles and regulation of these enzymes. In this work chloroplastic (Br-chlApx) and cytosolic (Br-cApx) isoform transcripts were isolated by RT-PCR in Brassica rapa and expression changes were analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR performed in different tissues (layer, stalk and florets) at different days (0, 4 and 14 day). The result showed that BrApx isoforms were differentially expressed and the Br-chlApx, in particular in the layer, had the highest expression level and remained unchanged also after 14 day after harvest. In addition, expression changes were compared with total BrAPX activity and the results showed that the activity decreased in all tissues at 14 day after harvest, independently of transcripts. Finally, additional solutes as the substrate of APX ascorbate and its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate, as well as α-tocopherol, the major vitamin E compound that prevents the propagation of lipid peroxidation in thylakoid membranes, were followed. The changes in the BrApx expression, BrAPX activity and metabolites can provide further evidence of the close relationships that exist between antioxidants which compensate for each other and suggest that there are multiple sites of reciprocal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Life Science, II University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Abstract
Stress modulation of retrotransposons may play a role in generating host genetic plasticity in response to environmental stress. Transposable elements have been suggested to contribute to the evolution of genes, by providing cis-regulatory elements leading to changes in expression patterns. Indeed, their promoter elements are similar to those of plant defence genes and may bind similar defence-induced transcription factors. We previously isolated a new Ty1-copia retrontrasposon named Ttd1a and showed its activation and mobilization in salt and light stresses. Here, using a retard mobility assay in Triticum durum L. crude extracts, we showed that the CAAT motif present in the Ttd1a retrotransposon promoter, is involved in DNA-protein binding under salt and light stresses and therefore in the regulation of Ttd1a activity. Data presented in this paper suggest that nuclear proteins can interact with the CAAT motif either directly or indirectly and enhance Ttd1a by a specific ligand-dependent activation under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Life Science, II University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Carillo P, Parisi D, Woodrow P, Pontecorvo G, Massaro G, Annunziata MG, Fuggi A, Sulpice R. Salt-induced accumulation of glycine betaine is inhibited by high light in durum wheat. Funct Plant Biol 2011; 38:139-150. [PMID: 32480870 DOI: 10.1071/fp10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effects of both salinity and high light on the metabolism of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Ofanto) seedlings, with a special emphasis on the potential role of glycine betaine in their protection. Unexpectedly, it appears that high light treatment inhibits the synthesis of glycine betaine, even in the presence of salt stress. Additional solutes such as sugars and especially amino acids could partially compensate for the decrease in its synthesis upon exposure to high light levels. In particular, tyrosine content was strongly increased by high light, this effect being enhanced by salt treatment. Interestingly, a large range of well-known detoxifying molecules were also not induced by salt treatment in high light conditions. Taken together, our results question the role of glycine betaine in salinity tolerance under light conditions close to those encountered by durum wheat seedlings in their natural environment and suggest the importance of other mechanisms, such as the accumulation of minor amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pontecorvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Massaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Annunziata
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Woodrow P, Pontecorvo G, Ciarmiello LF, Fuggi A, Carillo P. Ttd1a promoter is involved in DNA–protein binding by salt and light stresses. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3787-94. [PMID: 21104438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carillo P, Cozzolino C, D’Abrosca B, Nacca F, DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Fuggi A. Effects of the Allelochemicals Dihydrodiconiferyl Alcohol and Lariciresinol on Metabolism of Lactuca sativa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1874847301003010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Woodrow P, Pontecorvo G, Fantaccione S, Fuggi A, Kafantaris I, Parisi D, Carillo P. Polymorphism of a new Ty1-copia retrotransposon in durum wheat under salt and light stresses. Theor Appl Genet 2010; 121:311-22. [PMID: 20237753 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Long terminal repeat retrotransposons are the most abundant mobile elements in the plant genome and play an important role in the genome reorganization induced by environmental challenges. Their success depends on the ability of their promoters to respond to different signaling pathways that regulate plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. We have isolated a new Ty1-copia-like retrotransposon, named Ttd1a from the Triticum durum L. genome. To get insight into stress activation pathways in Ttd1a, we investigated the effect of salt and light stresses by RT-PCR and S-SAP profiling. We screened for Ttd1a insertion polymorphisms in plants grown to stress and showed that one new insertion was located near the resistance gene. Our analysis showed that the activation and mobilization of Ttd1a was controlled by salt and light stresses, which strengthened the hypothesis that stress mobilization of this element might play a role in the defense response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Life Science, II University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Abenavoli
- a Dip. di Agrochimica ed Agrobiologia , Università di Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - A. Fuggi
- b Istituto di Biologia , Seconda Università di Napoli , Caserta, Italy
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Carillo P, Cacace D, de Rosa M, De Martino E, Cozzolino C, Nacca F, D’Antonio R, Fuggi A. Process optimisation and physicochemical characterisation of potato powder. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Carillo P, Mastrolonardo G, Nacca F, Parisi D, Verlotta A, Fuggi A. Nitrogen metabolism in durum wheat under salinity: accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. Funct Plant Biol 2008; 35:412-426. [PMID: 32688798 DOI: 10.1071/fp08108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of salinity on amino acid, proline and glycine betaine accumulation in leaves of different stages of development in durum wheat under high and low nitrogen supply. Our results suggest that protective compounds against salt stress are accumulated in all leaves. The major metabolites are glycine betaine, which preferentially accumulates in younger tissues, and proline, which is found predominantly in older tissues. Proline tended to accumulate early, at the onset of the stress, while glycine betaine accumulation was observed during prolonged stress. Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) are positively correlated with these compatible solutes: proline is associated with NR in the oldest leaves of high-nitrate plants and glycine betaine is associated with GOGAT in the youngest leaves of both low- and high-nitrate plants. In high-nitrate conditions proline accounts for more than 39% of the osmotic adjustment in the cytoplasmic compartments of old leaves. Its nitrogen-dependent accumulation may offer an important advantage in that it can be metabolised to allow reallocation of energy, carbon and nitrogen from the older leaves to the younger tissues. The contribution of glycine betaine is higher in young leaves and is independent of nitrogen nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mastrolonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Nacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angelo Verlotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Carillo P, Mastrolonardo G, Nacca F, Fuggi A. Nitrate reductase in durum wheat seedlings as affected by nitrate nutrition and salinity. Funct Plant Biol 2005; 32:209-219. [PMID: 32689125 DOI: 10.1071/fp04184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of nitrate (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mm) and salt (0, 100 mm NaCl) on nitrogen metabolism in durum wheat seedlings were investigated by analysis of nitrate reductase (NR) expression and activity, and metabolite content. High salinity (100 mm NaCl) reduced shoot growth more than root growth. The effect was independent of nitrate concentration. NR mRNA was present at a low level in both leaves and roots of plants grown in a nitrogen-free medium. NaCl increased NR mRNA at low nitrate, suggesting that chloride can mimic nitrate as a signal molecule to induce transcription in both roots and leaves. However, the level of NR protein remained low in salt-stressed plants, indicating an inhibitory effect of salt on translation of NR mRNA or an increase in protein degradation. The lower activity of nitrate reductase in leaves of high-nitrate treated plants under salinity suggested a restriction of NO3- transport to the shoot under salinity. Salt treatment promoted photorespiration, inhibiting carbohydrate accumulation in plants grown on low nitrate media. Under salinity free amino acids, in particular proline and asparagine, and glycine betaine could function as osmolytes to balance water potential within the cell, especially when nitrogen availability exceeded the need for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mastrolonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Nacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Di Martino C, Delfine S, Pizzuto R, Loreto F, Fuggi A. Free amino acids and glycine betaine in leaf osmoregulation of spinach responding to increasing salt stress. New Phytol 2003; 158:455-463. [PMID: 36056506 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
• The aim of the paper was to determine nitrogen compounds contributing to leaf cell osmoregulation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) submitted to increasing salt stress. • Sodium, free amino acids and glycine betaine contents were determined in the last fully expanded leaf of plants stressed by daily irrigation with saline water (0.17 M NaCl). • After 20 d of treatment, when Na+ content was c. 55 umol g-1 f. wt above the control, and the reduction of stomatal conductance lowered photosynthesis to c. 60% of the control, the free amino acids of the leaves, especially glycine and serine, strongly increased. Proline and glycine betaine also increased significantly. After 27 d of treatment, when the Na+ content was c. 100 umol g-1 f. wt above the control and photosynthesis was 33% of the control, the free amino acid content, especially glycine and serine, declined. Gycine betaine, but not proline, increased further. • Glycine betaine comprised c. 15% of the overall nitrogen osmolytes at mild salt-stress, but represented 55% of the total, when the stress became more severe. The increase of glycine betaine balanced the decline in free amino acids, mainly replacing glycine and serine (the precursors of glycine betaine) in the osmotic adjustment of the cells. Photorespiration, which increased during salt stress, was also suggested to have a role in supplying metabolites to produce compatible osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catello Di Martino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell'Ambiente, Università del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Delfine
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell'Ambiente, Università del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell'Ambiente, Università del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biochimica ed Ecofisiologia Vegetali, via Salaria Km 29 300 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Abenavoli MR, Sorgonà A, Sidari M, Badiani M, Fuggi A. Coumarin inhibits the growth of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Saint Valery) cells in suspension culture. J Plant Physiol 2003; 160:227-237. [PMID: 12749079 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We used a carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Saint Valery) cell suspension culture as a simplified model system to study the effects of the allelochemical compound coumarin (1,2 benzopyrone) on cell growth and utilisation of exogenous nitrate, ammonium and carbohydrates. Exposure to micromolar levels of coumarin caused severe inhibition of cell growth starting from the second day of culture onwards. At the same time, the presence of 50 mumol/L coumarin caused accumulation of free amino acids and of ammonium in the cultured cells, and stimulated their glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities. Malate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, was inhibited under the same conditions. These effects were interpreted in terms of the stimulation of protein catabolism and/or interference with protein biosynthesis induced by coumarin. This could have led to a series of compensatory changes in the activities of enzymes linking nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Because coumarin seemed to abolish the exponential phase and to accelerate the onset of the stationary phase of cell growth, we hypothesise that such allelochemical compounds may act in nature as an inhibitor of the cell cycle and/or as a senescence-promoting substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie per il Monitoraggio Agroalimentare ed Ambientale, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, I-89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Abstract
The acidophilic red alga, Cyanidium caldarium Geitler, could use nitrite as a nitrogen source for growth, although this compound was very toxic in acidic media. Growth could be sustained when nitrite was added continuously at a rate lower than the maximum rate of nitrite assimilation for the culture. Nitrite assimilation was derepressed in cells growing on nitrate or nitrite, under nitrogen limitation and by nitrogen starvation. Ammonium-grown cells showed a limited capacity for nitrite reduction in the light, even if nitrite reductase was not detectable in cell extracts. In acidic media nitrite was taken up mainly through HNO, influx. Nitrite assimilation, in viva, was restricted by a saturable step under conditions in which nitrite uptake was not limiting. The pH of the cell suspension affected nitrite assimilation by changing the K½ over the pH range tested but not the Vmax . The K½ was inversely proportional to the concentration of H+ in the medium. The apparent Km value for nitrite of nitrite reductase, in vitro, and its expected apparent Km value, in vivo, estimated from the K½ of nitrite assimilation, suggested that the activity of this enzyme may not be the limiting step of nitrite assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amodio Fuggi
- Dipartimento di Agrochimica ed Agrobiologia, Facoltà di Agraria, Universita di Reggio Calabria, Piazza S. Francesco, Gallina di Reggio Calabria, 89061 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Abstract
DNA methyltransferase activities have been partially purified from unfertilized eggs and blastula nuclei of sea urchin embryos. Comparative studies, using different DNAs as substrates, show that the two preparations are most active on hemimethylated and single-strand DNA, but they methylate, though at a lower rate, also on double-strand DNA. The two activities show distinctive efficiencies in methylating plasmid DNAs and marked differences in the rate of methyl transfer to DNAs in different structural states: linear, relaxed, or supercoiled. The ratio of the apparent specific activity of the two preparations depends on the particular DNA used as substrate and its structure. Methylation analysis of the restriction fragments of methylated plasmid DNAs shows a linear correlation between introduced methyl groups and the percent of CpG of each particular fragment, indicating that methylation is substantially random and sequence is less relevant than conformation in determining enzyme efficiency. The data do not permit us to decide if the two activities are different enzymes or the same enzyme with different modulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tosi
- Zoological Station, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy
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Fuggi A. Short-term regulation of nitrate uptake by a ‘pump and leak’ mechanism in the acidophilic nonvacuolated alga, Cyanidium caldarium. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(89)80366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rossi M, Defez R, Chiurazzi M, Lamberti A, Fuggi A, Iaccarino M. Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase Isoenzymes in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae. Microbiology (Reading) 1989. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-135-3-629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fuggi A. Mechanism of proton-linked nitrate uptake in Cyanidium caldarium, an acidophilic non-vacuolated alga. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fuggi A, Vona V, Di Martino Rigano V, Di Martino C, Martello A, Rigano C. Evidence for two transport systems for nitrate in the acidophilic thermophilic alga Cyanidium caldarium. Arch Microbiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00410722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Di Martino Rigano V, Vona V, Fuggi A, Martello A, Di Martino C, Rigano C. Depression of nitrate reductase in the presence of excess ammonium in a unicellular alga growing under conditions of phosphate limitation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 119:259-64. [PMID: 6142709 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)91646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemostat cultures of the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium have shown that under conditions of phosphate limitation nitrate reductase is completely derepressed even in cells growing in a large excess of ammonium, but that it occurs mainly in a catalytically inactive form. It is hypothesized that phosphate limitation contributes to maintaining intracellular level of glutamine suitable to stimulate inactivation but not repression of nitrate reductase. It is not excluded that in addition to variations in the intracellular level of glutamine, there are other metabolic events of the cell by which repression and inactivation of nitrate reductase could be differently influenced.
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Di Martino Rigano V, Vona V, Fuggi A, Di Martino C, Rigano C. Regulation of Nitrate Reductase in Chlorella. Nitrate Requirement for the Appearance of Nitrate Reductase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4211(83)80018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fuggi A, Di Martino Rigano V, Vona V, Rigano C. Nitrate and ammonium assimilation in algal cell-suspensions and related pH variations in the external medium, monitored by electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(81)90002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rigano C, Di Martino Rigano V, Vona V, Fuggi A. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, nitrate and ammonia assimilation, in the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium. Arch Microbiol 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00455343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fuggi A, Rigano VDM, Vona V, Rigano C. Pattern of inhibition of nitrate utilization by ammonium in the acidophilic thermophilic unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium. Arch Microbiol 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00414598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rigano C, Vona V, Di Martino Rigano V, Fuggi A. Active and inactive nitrate reductase. Effects of mild treatment with denaturing agents of protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 613:26-33. [PMID: 7189670 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(80)90188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NAD(P)H:nitrate oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.2) of the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium can exist in two interconvertible forms; one catalytically active and one inactive. The inactive nitrate reductase can be activated by mild treatment with denaturing agents of protein. By treatment with urea or mersalyl, activation of both the NADPH and benzyl viologen activities can be realized under mild conditions, whereas by treatment with heat, the activation of benzyl viologen activity is concomitant with loss of the NADPH activity. On the other hand, both activities are activated and destroyed concomitantly by ethylene glycol. In the present of FAD, either activation of benzyl viologen activity or loss of NADPH activity upon heating occur only at higher temperatures. The existence of a controlling region in the nitrate reductase molecule is postulated.
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Rigano C, Vona V, Di Martino Rigano V, Fuggi A. Nitrate reductase and glutamate dehydrogenase of the red alga Porphyridium aerugineum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(79)90111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rigano C, Aliotta G, Rigano VD, Fuggi A, Vona V. Heterotrophic growth patterns in the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium. A possible role for threonine dehydrase. Arch Microbiol 1977; 113:191-6. [PMID: 18123 DOI: 10.1007/bf00492024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rigano C, Fuggi A, Di Martino Rigano V, Aliotta G. Studies on utilization of 2-ketoglutarate, glutamate and other amino acids by the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium. Arch Microbiol 1976; 107:133-8. [PMID: 1259513 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of Cyandium caladarium which possess different biochemical and nutritional characteristics were examined with respect to their ability to utilize amino acids or 2-ketoglutarate as substrates. One strain utilizes alanine, glutamate or aspartate as nitrogen sources, and glutamate, alanine, or 2-ketoglutarate as carbon and energy sources for growth in the dark. The growth rate in the dark on 2-ketoglutarate is almost twice as high or higher than that on glutamate or alanine. During growth or incubation of this alga on amino acids, large amounts of ammonia are formed; however, ammonia formation is strongly inhibited by 2-ketoglutarate. The capacity of the alga and develops fully only when the cells are grown or incubated in the presence of glutamate.
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