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Grosicki GJ, Flatt AA, Cross BL, Vondrasek JD, Blumenburg WT, Lincoln ZR, Chall A, Bryan A, Patel RP, Ricart K, Linder BA, Sanchez SO, Watso JC, Robinson AT. Acute beetroot juice reduces blood pressure in young Black and White males but not females. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102718. [PMID: 37120928 PMCID: PMC10172749 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of social, lifestyle, and physiological factors contribute to Black Americans having the highest blood pressure (BP) in America. One potential contributor to Black adult's higher BP may be reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Therefore, we sought to determine whether augmenting NO bioavailability with acute beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation would reduce resting BP and cardiovascular reactivity in Black and White adults, but to a greater extent in Black adults. A total of 18 Black and 20 White (∼equal split by biological sex) young adults completed this randomized, placebo-controlled (nitrate (NO3-)-depleted BRJ), crossover design study. We measured heart rate, brachial and central BP, and arterial stiffness (via pulse wave velocity) at rest, during handgrip exercise, and during post-exercise circulatory occlusion. Compared with White adults, Black adults exhibited higher pre-supplementation resting brachial and central BP (Ps ≤0.035; e.g., brachial systolic BP: 116(11) vs. 121(7) mmHg, P = 0.023). Compared with placebo, BRJ (∼12.8 mmol NO3-) reduced resting brachial systolic BP similarly in Black (Δ-4±10 mmHg) and White (Δ-4±7 mmHg) adults (P = 0.029). However, BRJ supplementation reduced BP in males (Ps ≤ 0.020) but not females (Ps ≥ 0.299). Irrespective of race or sex, increases in plasma NO3- were associated with reduced brachial systolic BP (ρ = -0.237, P = 0.042). No other treatment effects were observed for BP or arterial stiffness at rest or during physical stress (i.e., reactivity); Ps ≥ 0.075. Despite young Black adults having higher resting BP, acute BRJ supplementation reduced systolic BP in young Black and White adults by a similar magnitude, an effect that was driven by males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Brett L. Cross
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Joseph D. Vondrasek
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Wesley T. Blumenburg
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Zoe R. Lincoln
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Amy Chall
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Anna Bryan
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department for Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karina Ricart
- Department for Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Braxton A. Linder
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sofia O. Sanchez
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Joseph C. Watso
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Lincoln ZR, Cross BL, Vondrasek JD, Frederick JM, Blumenburg WT, Gaither P, Chall A, Bryan A, Bock JM, Flatt AA, Robinson AT, Grosicki GJ. Free Day, but Not Work Day, Sleep Duration Is Inversely Associated With Aortic Stiffness in Apparently Healthy Young Adults. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R. Lincoln
- Georgia Southern University ‐ Armstrong CampusSavannahGA
| | - Brett L. Cross
- Georgia Southern University ‐ Armstrong CampusSavannahGA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Gaither
- Georgia Southern University ‐ Armstrong CampusSavannahGA
| | - Amy Chall
- Georgia Southern University ‐ Armstrong CampusSavannahGA
| | - Anna Bryan
- Georgia Southern University ‐ Armstrong CampusSavannahGA
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Vondrasek JD, Cross BL, Frederick JM, Licoln ZR, Gaither P, Blumenburg WT, Chall A, Bryan A, Bock JM, Flatt AA, Robinson AT, Grosicki GJ. Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping is Attenuated in Young and Apparently Healthy Black Adults Compared to White Adults. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Chall
- Georgia Southern UniversitySavannahGA
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Blumenburg W, Cross B, Vondrasek JD, Frederick JM, Lincoln Z, Gaither P, Chall A, Bryan A, Bock JM, Flatt AA, Robinson AT, Grosicki GJ. Perceived Pain is Associated with Cardiovascular Responsiveness During Metaboreflex Activation in Apparently Healthy Young Males and Females. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Blumenburg
- Health Sciences and KinesiologyGeorgia Southern UniversitySavannahGA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Chall
- Georgia Southern UniversitySavannahGA
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Chall A, Stagg J, Mixson A, Gato E, Quirino RL, Sittaramane V. Ablation of cells in mice using antibody-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ab-MWCNTs) in combination with microwaves. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:195102. [PMID: 33540388 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe32a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a proof-of-principle study on the combination of microwaves and multiwalled carbon nanotubes to induce in vivo, localized hyperthermic ablation of cells as a potential methodology for the treatment of localized tumors. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach can create higher temperatures in a rapid and localized fashion, under low radiation levels, eliminating some of the unwanted side effects. Following successful ablation of cancer cells in cell culture and zebrafish tumor-xenograft models, it is hypothesized that a cancer treatment can be developed using safe microwave irradiation for selective ablation of tumor cells in vivo using carbon nanotube-Antibody (CNT-Ab) conjugates as a targeting agent. In this study, mice were used as an animal model for the optimization of the proposed microwave treatment strategy. The safe dose of CNT-Ab and microwave radiation levels for mice were determined. Further, CNT-Ab distribution and toxicology in mice were qualitatively determined for a time span of two weeks following microwave hyperthermia. The results indicate no toxicity associated with the CNT-Ab in the absence of microwaves. CNTs are only found in the proximity of the site of injection and have been shown to effectively cause hyperthermia induced necrosis upon exposure to microwaves with no noticeable damage to other tissues that are not in direct contact with the CNT-Ab. To understand the cellular immune response towards CNT-Abs, transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently labeled macrophages and neutrophils were used to assay for their ability to phagocytize CNT-Ab. Our results indicate that macrophages and neutrophils were able to actively phagocytose CNT-Abs shortly after injection. Taken together, this is the first study to show that CNTs can be used in combination with microwaves to cause targeted ablation of cells in mice without any side effects, which would be ideal for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chall
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - John Stagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mixson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Eric Gato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Rafael L Quirino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
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