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Ahmed O, Parsa S, Malinow I, Fang A. Abstract No. 275 Retrospective Single-Center Comparison of Closed Cell Versus Open Cell Design Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Phan-Tang M, Lee CM, Fang A, Rioveros J, Siletz AE, Cryer H, McGonigle AM, Ziman A, Ward DC. Logistics of managing a trauma whole blood inventory in a civilian level 1 trauma center. Transfusion 2022; 62:1772-1778. [PMID: 35904145 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutional data on initiating and maintaining a low-titer O positive whole blood (LTOWB) inventory for the civilian trauma sector may help other institutions start a LTOWB program. This study from a level 1 trauma center with a hospital-based donor center highlights challenges faced during the collection, maintenance, and utilization of LTOWB. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Male O positive donors with low (≤1:100) anti-A and anti-B antibody titers were recruited for LTOWB collection. The daily inventory goal of 4 LTOWB units was kept in the emergency department refrigerator and transfused to adult male trauma patients. Unused units older than 10 days were reprocessed into packed red blood cells. RESULTS Of 900 donors screened, 61% qualified and 52% of eligible donors provided a collective total of 505 LTOWB units over 2.5 years. The number of collected units directly correlated with the availability of inventory; 42% of the units were transfused, 54% were reprocessed, and 4% were discarded. The inventory goal was maintained for 56% of the year 2018 and 83% of the year 2019. Over these 2 years, 52% of patients had their transfusion needs fully met, 41% had their needs partially met, and 6.5% did not have their needs met. DISCUSSION Initial challenges to LTOWB implementation were inventory shortages, low utilization rates, and failure to meet clinical demand. Proposed solutions include allowing for a higher yet safe titer, extending shelf life, expanding the donor pool, identifying barriers to utilization, and permitting use in female trauma patients beyond childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Phan-Tang
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amy Fang
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jowin Rioveros
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anaar E Siletz
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Henry Cryer
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea M McGonigle
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alyssa Ziman
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dawn C Ward
- Wing-Kwai and Alice Lee-Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yang LH, Swan K, Bastin E, Aguilar J, Cenzer M, Codd A, Gonzalez N, Hayes T, Higgins A, Lor X, Macharaga C, McMunn M, Oto K, Winarto N, Wong D, Yang T, Afridi N, Aguilar S, Allison A, Ambrose‐Winters A, Amescua E, Apse M, Avoce N, Bastin K, Bolander E, Burroughs J, Cabrera C, Candy M, Cavett A, Cavett M, Chang L, Claret M, Coleman D, Concha J, Danzer P, DaRosa J, Dufresne A, Duisenberg C, Earl A, Eckey E, English M, Espejo A, Faith E, Fang A, Gamez A, Garcini J, Garcini J, Gilbert‐Igelsrud G, Goedde‐Matthews K, Grahn S, Guerra P, Guerra V, Hagedorn M, Hall K, Hall G, Hammond J, Hargadon C, Henley V, Hinesley S, Jacobs C, Johnson C, Johnson T, Johnson Z, Juchau E, Kaplan C, Katznelson A, Keeley R, Kubik T, Lam T, Lansing C, Lara A, Le V, Lee B, Lee K, Lemmo M, Lucio S, Luo A, Malakzay S, Mangney L, Martin J, Matern W, McConnell B, McHale M, McIsaac G, McLennan C, Milbrodt S, Mohammed M, Mooney‐McCarthy M, Morgan L, Mullin C, Needles S, Nunes K, O'Keeffe F, O'Keeffe O, Osgood G, Padilla J, Padilla S, Palacio I, Panelli V, Paulson K, Pearson J, Perez T, Phrakonekham B, Pitsillides I, Preisler A, Preisler N, Ramirez H, Ransom S, Renaud C, Rocha T, Saris H, Schemrich R, Schoenig L, Sears S, Sharma A, Siu J, Spangler M, Standefer S, Strickland K, Stritzel M, Talbert E, Taylor S, Thomsen E, Toups K, Tran K, Tran H, Tuqiri M, Valdes S, VanVorhis G, Vue S, Wallace S, Whipple J, Yang P, Ye M, Yo D, Zeng Y. Different factors limit early- and late-season windows of opportunity for monarch development. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9039. [PMID: 35845370 PMCID: PMC9273743 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal windows of opportunity are intervals within a year that provide improved prospects for growth, survival, or reproduction. However, few studies have sufficient temporal resolution to examine how multiple factors combine to constrain the seasonal timing and extent of developmental opportunities. Here, we document seasonal changes in milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis)-monarch (Danaus plexippus) interactions with high resolution throughout the last three breeding seasons prior to a precipitous single-year decline in the western monarch population. Our results show early- and late-season windows of opportunity for monarch recruitment that were constrained by different combinations of factors. Early-season windows of opportunity were characterized by high egg densities and low survival on a select subset of host plants, consistent with the hypothesis that early-spring migrant female monarchs select earlier-emerging plants to balance a seasonal trade-off between increasing host plant quantity and decreasing host plant quality. Late-season windows of opportunity were coincident with the initiation of host plant senescence, and caterpillar success was negatively correlated with heatwave exposure, consistent with the hypothesis that late-season windows were constrained by plant defense traits and thermal stress. Throughout this study, climatic and microclimatic variations played a foundational role in the timing and success of monarch developmental windows by affecting bottom-up, top-down, and abiotic limitations. More exposed microclimates were associated with higher developmental success during cooler conditions, and more shaded microclimates were associated with higher developmental success during warmer conditions, suggesting that habitat heterogeneity could buffer the effects of climatic variation. Together, these findings show an important dimension of seasonal change in milkweed-monarch interactions and illustrate how different biotic and abiotic factors can limit the developmental success of monarchs across the breeding season. These results also suggest the potential for seasonal sequences of favorable or unfavorable conditions across the breeding range to strongly affect monarch population dynamics.
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Bailey C, Stumpf F, Raymond A, Richard H, Kim K, Fang A. Abstract No. 150 Retrospective comparative analysis of inferior vena cava filter retrieval in patients with and without filter strut arterial abutment/penetration. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Siletz AE, Blair KJ, Cooper RJ, Nguyen NC, Lewis SJ, Fang A, Ward DC, Jackson NJ, Rodriguez T, Grotts J, Hwang J, Ziman A, Cryer HM. A pilot study of stored low titer group O whole blood + component therapy versus component therapy only for civilian trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:655-662. [PMID: 34225348 PMCID: PMC8463449 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot assessed transfusion requirements during resuscitation with whole blood followed by standard component therapy (CT) versus CT alone, during a change in practice at a large urban Level I trauma center. METHODS This was a single-center prospective cohort pilot study. Male trauma patients received up to 4 units of cold-stored low anti-A, anti-B group O whole blood (LTOWB) as initial resuscitation followed by CT as needed (LTOWB + CT). A control group consisting of women and men who presented when LTOWB was unavailable, received CT only (CT group). Exclusion criteria included antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication and death within 24 hours. The primary outcome was total transfusion volume at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were mortality, morbidity, and intensive care unit- and hospital-free days. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients received LTOWB, with a median of 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.0-3.0) units of LTOWB transfused. Thirty-two patients received CT only. At 24 hours after presentation, the LTOWB +CT group had received a median of 2,138 mL (IQR, 1,275-3,325 mL) of all blood products. The median for the CT group was 4,225 mL (IQR, 1,900-5,425 mL; p = 0.06) in unadjusted analysis. When adjusted for Injury Severity Score, sex, and positive Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma, LTOWB +CT group patients received 3307 mL of blood products, and CT group patients received 3,260 mL in the first 24 hours (p = 0.95). The adjusted median ratio of plasma to red cells transfused was higher in the LTOWB + CT group (0.85 vs. 0.63 at 24 hours after admission; p = 0.043. Adjusted mortality was 4.4% in the LTOWB + CT group, and 11.7% in the CT group (p = 0.19), with similar complications, intensive care unit-, and hospital-free days in both groups. CONCLUSION Beginning resuscitation with LTOWB results in equivalent outcomes compared with resuscitation with CT only. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic (Prospective study with 1 negative criterion, limited control of confounding factors), level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaar E Siletz
- From the Department of Surgery (A.E.S., K.J.B., H.M.C.), Department of Emergency Medicine (R.J.C., N.C.N., J.H.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine (A.F., D.C.W., A.Z.), Department of Medicine Statistics Core (N.J.J., T.R., J.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles; and College of Medicine (S.J.L.), Touro University California, Vallejo, California
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Li C, Yu Y, Fang A, Feng D, Du M, Tang A, Chen S, Li A. Insight into biosorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymer substances and the improvement of the efficacy: a review. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 75:1064-1073. [PMID: 34562275 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are continuously released into aquatic environments in which they accumulate. This phenomenon endangers public health because heavy metals accumulate along the food chain. However, conventional remediation methods are inefficient, expensive and yield toxic intermediate products, which adversely affect the environment. The discovery of green bio-adsorbents such as microbial extracellular polymer substance (EPS) has quickly attracted considerable worldwide attention because of their low cost, high removal efficiency of heavy metals and industrial availability. Hence, this review considers the sources, hazards and treatment methods of heavy metals pollution, particularly the biosorption mechanism of EPS to heavy metals and the influencing factors of the bio-adsorption process, which are significant in the efficient removal of heavy metals-containing wastewater treatment. This review also focuses on strengthening the process of EPS adsorption of heavy metals, which can further contribute to heavy metals removal. Finally, it has been proposed that improving the yield, stability, selectivity and recoverability of EPS is the key direction of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - A Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - D Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - M Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - A Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - S Chen
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin University of Architecture and Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - A Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin University of Architecture and Technology, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Smolyanitsky A, Fang A, Kazakov AF, Paulechka E. Ion transport across solid-state ion channels perturbed by directed strain. Nanoscale 2020; 12:10328-10334. [PMID: 32367087 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We combine quantum-chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to consider aqueous ion flow across non-axisymmetric nanopores in monolayer graphene and MoS2. When the pore-containing membrane is subject to uniaxial tensile strains applied in various directions, the corresponding permeability exhibits considerable directional dependence. This anisotropy is shown to arise from directed perturbations of the local electrostatics by the corresponding pore deformation, as enabled by the pore edge geometries and atomic compositions. By considering nanopores with ionic permeability that depends on the strain direction, we present model systems that may yield a detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship in solid-state and biological ion channels. Specifically, the observed anisotropic effects potentially enable the use of permeation measurements across strained membranes to obtain directional profiles of ion-pore energetics as contributed by groups of atoms or even individual atoms at the pore edge. The resulting insight may facilitate the development of subnanoscale pores with novel functionalities arising from locally asymmetric pore edge features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smolyanitsky
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
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Amin N, Robbins C, Fang A, Lowe S, Etezadi V. Abstract No. 608 Fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous bone marrow aspiration and core biopsy using the OnControl Bone Marrow Biopsy System versus manual bone biopsy needle: a retrospective comparative analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Walter K, Sethupathi S, Vaheesan K, Pereira K, Morel L, Kao J, Sherwani A, Fang A. 4:12 PM Abstract No. 226 Retrospective analysis of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy using the single stick versus traditional gastropexy techniques. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fang A, Allen KY, Marino BS, Brady KM. Neurologic outcomes after heart surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:1086-1093. [PMID: 31532867 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Fang
- Anesthesia, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiona Y Allen
- Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ken M Brady
- Anesthesia, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Fang A, Morel-Ovalle L, Kao J, Pereira K, Gadani S, Sherwani A, Vaheesan K. 04:21 PM Abstract No. 217 Retrospective comparison of conventional versus drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization prior to microwave ablation (MWA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Morel-Ovalle L, Rode S, Kazmi S, Hardy A, Pereira K, Fang A, Gadani S, Kao J, Sherwani A, Vaheesan K. Abstract No. 515 Analysis of ALBI and PALBI score to predict progression free survival and overall survival post TACE in patients with HCC. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Fang A, Kroenlein K, Riccardi D, Smolyanitsky A. Highly mechanosensitive ion channels from graphene-embedded crown ethers. Nat Mater 2019; 18:76-81. [PMID: 30478453 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune ionic permeation across nanoscale pores profoundly impacts diverse fields from nanofluidic computing to drug delivery. Here, we take advantage of complex formation between crown ethers and dissolved metal ions to demonstrate graphene-based ion channels highly sensitive to externally applied lattice strain. We perform extensive room-temperature molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of tensile lattice strain on ion permeation across graphene-embedded crown ether pores. Our findings suggest the first instance of solid-state ion channels with an exponential permeation sensitivity to strain, yielding an order of magnitude ion current increase for 2% of isotropic lattice strain. Significant permeation tuning is also shown to be achievable with anisotropic strains. Finally, we demonstrate strain-controllable ion sieving in salt mixtures. The observed high mechanosensitivity is shown to arise from strain-induced control over the competition between ion-crown and ion-solvent interactions, mediated by the atomic thinness of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K Kroenlein
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Riccardi
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Smolyanitsky
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Fang A, Zhang ZQ, Louie SG, Chan CT. Pseudospin-1 Physics of Photonic Crystals. Research (Wash D C) 2019; 2019:3054062. [PMID: 31549055 PMCID: PMC6750083 DOI: 10.34133/2019/3054062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We review some recent progress in the exploration of pseudospin-1 physics using dielectric photonic crystals (PCs). We show some physical implications of the PCs exhibiting an accidental degeneracy induced conical dispersion at the Γ point, such as the realization of zero refractive index medium and the zero Berry phase of a loop around the nodal point. The photonic states of such PCs near the Dirac-like point can be described by an effective spin-orbit Hamiltonian of pseudospin-1. The wave propagation in the positive, negative, and zero index media can be unified within a framework of pseudospin-1 description. A scale change in PCs results in a rigid band shift of the Dirac-like cone, allowing for the manipulation of waves in pseudospin-1 systems in much the same way as applying a gate voltage in pseudospin-1/2 graphene. The transport of waves in pseudospin-1 systems exhibits many interesting phenomena, including super Klein tunneling, robust supercollimation, and unconventional Anderson localization. The transport properties of pseudospin-1 systems are distinct from their counterparts in pseudospin-1/2 systems, which will also be presented for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z. Q. Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. T. Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Pereira K, Ford-Glanton S, Johar R, Xu P, Pham K, Gadani S, Fang A, Kao J, Morel-Ovalle L, Hall A, Vaheesan K. 3:24 PM Abstract No. 6 Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) and prostatic urethral lift (PUL) procedures for symptomatic benign prostatic enlargement (BPH): a retrospective, single-center comparison of outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Hall A, Pereira K, Gadani S, Aryan L, Sherwani A, Bant R, Guynan J, Gebke T, Almeter J, Fang A, Morel-Ovalle L, Kao J, Vaheesan K. 3:36 PM Abstract No. 27 A comparison of prostate computed tomography angiogram protocols for visualization of prostate arteries prior to prostate artery embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Wilson-Flewelling S, Salamo R, Akpolat Y, Pereira K, Kao J, Vaheesan K, Gadani S, Morel-Ovalle L, Fang A. 3:45 PM Abstract No. 28 Value of a novel automated (digital) ankle brachial index device as a screening tool for peripheral arterial disease in an outpatient clinic setting: a preliminary prospective study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sheu A, Ang M, Fang A, Sze D, Louie J, Hovsepian D, Hwang G. Off-label intravascular uses of embolic glue: how we avoid sticky situations. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ang M, Sheu A, Fang A, Kothary N, Shah R, Wang D, Hwang G. Venous thrombosis following microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fang A, Crawley A, Sheu A, Ang M, Sze D, Louie J, Hwang G. Accuracy of estimates of treated volume from C-arm cone-beam computed tomography data during partial splenic embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Li N, Hao Y, Kageleiry A, Peeples M, Fang A, Koo V, Guérin A. Abstract P4-13-14: Time on treatment of everolimus, fulvestrant, and capecitabine for the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective claims study in the US. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p4-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Treatment guidelines for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) recommend extending the time on treatment (TOT) of endocrine therapy (ET) prior to the initiation of chemotherapy (CT) to avoid its serious side effects and preserve patients' quality of life. Everolimus-based therapy (EVE), fulvestrant monotherapy (FUL mono), and capecitabine monotherapy (CAP mono) are among the latest ET and CT agents approved for the treatment of HR+/HER2- mBC in the US. This retrospective claims analysis compared TOT among HR+/HER2- mBC patients who received EVE versus those who received FUL mono or CAP mono respectively.
Methods:
Postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- mBC who initiated ≥ 1 new line of therapy for mBC between 7/20/2012 (the approval date of EVE, the latest of all three therapies) and 3/31/2014 (which allowed for ≥ 3 months of potential follow-up) after a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor were identified from the MarketScan and PharMetrics databases (2002Q1-2014Q2) using an algorithm adapted from the literature. Treatment discontinuation was defined as a treatment gap of ≥ 60 days. Patients' lines of therapies were classified into mutually-exclusive regimen groups (i.e., EVE, FUL mono, and CAP mono) and followed until discontinuation of the line of therapy, end of insurance eligibility, or data cut-off (06/30/2014). Patients who did not discontinue their treatment were censored at the end of follow-up. TOT was compared between EVE versus FUL mono and versus CAP mono using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analyses with log-rank tests and multivariable Cox models adjusting for the line of therapy and differences in patient characteristics, including age, insurance type, de novo vs non-de-novo mBC, prior use of CT for mBC, sites of metastases (e.g., bone, brain, and visceral), and Charlson comorbidity index.
Results:
Across the first four lines of therapies for mBC, a total of 940 EVE, 953 FUL mono, and 721 CAP mono regimens were included. Based on the different lines of therapies, the K-M estimators of median TOT ranged from 5.5 to 7.2 months for EVE, 4.9 to 8.4 months for FUL mono, and 3.5 to 6.0 months for CAP mono.
Table 1. Comparison of TOT between EVE, FUL mono, and CAP mono by line of therapy Median TOT (months) EVEFUL monoCAP monoLine 16.28.43.5*Line 26.25.64.6*Line 37.25.3*6.0*Line 45.54.95.1**indicates p-value <0.05 for pairwise log-rank tests in comparison with EVE.
Pooling all lines of therapies, EVE was associated with significantly longer TOT compared to FUL mono (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-0.99) or CAP mono (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83). Similar results were observed in each line of therapy.
Conclusions:
This real-world US claims study of postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- mBC showed that patients receiving EVE experienced significantly longer TOT than those receiving FUL mono or CAP mono, suggesting a comparative advantage of EVE in extending the duration of ET.
Citation Format: Li N, Hao Y, Kageleiry A, Peeples M, Fang A, Koo V, Guérin A. Time on treatment of everolimus, fulvestrant, and capecitabine for the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: A retrospective claims study in the US. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Hao
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Kageleiry
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Peeples
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Fang
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V Koo
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Guérin
- Analysis Group, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Analysis Group, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Drury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Palliative Care Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kate Baccari
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Palliative Care Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Fang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Palliative Care Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney Moller
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Palliative Care Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Nagus
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Palliative Care Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bromilow L, O'Sullivan G, Jackson AH, Manasiev B, Cartwright B, Fang A, Ashes C, Smith BC, King M, Andrew A, Nathan R. Inadvertent carotid artery cannulation. Anaesth Intensive Care 2015; 43:536-537. [PMID: 26099779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A Fang
- Darlinghurst, New South Wales
| | - C Ashes
- Darlinghurst, New South Wales
| | | | - M King
- Darlinghurst, New South Wales
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Fang A, Valluri S, O’Sullivan MJ, Maupin R, Jones T, Delke I, Clax P. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir During the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy and Postpartum. HIV Clinical Trials 2015. [DOI: 10.1310/hct1301-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lin DM, Goldfinger D, Lu Q, Wallace B, Kosaka-Nguyen D, Wood A, Porter B, Bumerts P, Jeffery R, Fang A, Stalcup I, Penaflorida T, Ziman A. Measuring trade-offs that matter: assessing the impact of a new electronic cross-match policy on the turnaround time and the cross-match workload efficiency. Transfusion 2014; 54:3075-9. [PMID: 24863553 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our traditional cross-match (XM) policy generated a significant number of XM units that were never issued. To minimize the unnecessary XM workload, we proposed a new policy where orders eligible for the electronic XM (EXM) are pended until orders to issue red blood cells (RBCs) are received. To address concerns that this new policy might unduly delay blood availability, we conducted a study to assess whether the new policy was noninferior to the traditional policy with regard to the turnaround time (TAT). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We monitored the TAT and XM workload efficiency (XM-to-issue [C : I] ratio) for a total of 8 weeks split between the two policies' periods. The primary outcome was the proportion of RBC issue requests that was turned around in less than 12 minutes. RESULTS Fifty percent (1133 of 2265) of issue requests were turned around in 12 minutes or less under the traditional policy compared to 43.9% (975 of 2223) under the new policy (absolute difference of 6.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2%-9.1%; p < 0.001). The adjusted overall median TAT was slower by 1 minute (13 min vs. 14 min, p < 0.001) but the adjusted C : I ratio was better (1.00 vs. 1.15; p < 0.001) under the new policy. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the impact of the new policy on the TAT was not inferior to the traditional policy. Since the median TAT of 14 minutes under the new policy met the published benchmarks, the trade-off between delays in the TAT and efficiency gains in the XM workload remained acceptable for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lin
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Fang A, Ahmed S, Waldman D, Xue J. Clinical efficacy, safety, and feasibility of using video glasses during interventional radiologic procedures. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bosson N, Santillanes G, Kaji A, Fang A, Fernando T, Huang M, Lee J, Gausche-Hill M. Risk Factors for Apnea in Pediatric Patients Transported by Paramedics for Out-of-Hospital Seizure. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fang A, Gill G, Morita S, Waldman D. Clinical outcomes of IVC filter placement in patients with renal vein anomalies. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Fang A, Valluri SR, O'Sullivan MJ, Maupin R, Jones T, Delke I, Clax P. Safety and pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. HIV Clin Trials 2012; 13:46-59. [PMID: 22306587 DOI: 10.1310/hct1301-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of nelfinavir during pregnancy and postpartum in HIV-infected women. METHODS Phase IV, non-randomized, open-label study of nelfinavir 625 mg tablets (1250 mg) in combination with lamivudine/zidovudine twice daily. Primary endpoint was treatment-related or possibly treatment-related gastrointestinal or hepatic adverse events (AEs). Selected maternal and infant outcomes were recorded. Frequent plasma samples were collected for PK studies during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and 6 weeks postpartum, to analyze total and free nelfinavir and M8 concentrations. RESULTS Sixteen HIV+ pregnant women were enrolled. Six mild treatment-related AEs and 3 serious AEs occurred; 1 serious AE (elevated AST) met the primary endpoint. Compared with 6 weeks postpartum, levels of total nelfinavir were reduced by 44% and 46%, total M8 by 82% and 83%, free nelfinavir by 48% and 39%, and free M8 by 83% and 79% in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. At 6 weeks postpartum, 75% and 50% of subjects maintained HIV-1 RNA levels <400 and <50 copies/mL, respectively. All pregnancies resulted in live births without transmission in 15 infants. CONCLUSIONS Nelfinavir in combination with lamivudine/zidovudine was generally well tolerated. Total and free nelfinavir and M8 exposure were reduced in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Pfizer Inc, New York, New York 10017, USA
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Alpichshev Z, Analytis JG, Chu JH, Fisher IR, Chen YL, Shen ZX, Fang A, Kapitulnik A. STM imaging of electronic waves on the surface of Bi2Te3: topologically protected surface states and hexagonal warping effects. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:016401. [PMID: 20366373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.016401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies on high-quality Bi2Te3 crystals exhibit perfect correspondence to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data, hence enabling identification of different regimes measured in the local density of states (LDOS). Oscillations of LDOS near a step are analyzed. Within the main part of the surface band oscillations are strongly damped, supporting the hypothesis of topological protection. At higher energies, as the surface band becomes concave, oscillations appear, dispersing with a wave vector that may result from a hexagonal warping term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanybek Alpichshev
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Yuan S, Fang A, Davis R, Siplon CJ, Goldfinger D. Immunoglobulin M red blood cell alloantibodies are frequently adsorbed by rabbit erythrocyte stroma. Transfusion 2010; 50:1139-43. [PMID: 20051056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbit erythrocyte stroma (RESt, Immucor) adsorption is often used to remove cold autoantibodies from patient samples to facilitate detection of underlying alloantibodies. However, reports in the literature show that adsorption of clinically significant alloantibodies can occur. A 2006 study by Storry and colleagues suggested that immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies are adsorbed by RESt regardless of antigen specificity. In our study, we further investigated the adsorption of IgM red blood cell alloantibodies by RESt. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 12 sera containing monoclonal IgM antibodies of various specificities (anti- D, -C, -c, -E, -e, -K, -Jk(b), and -S) and titers, which were all shown to exhibit only IgM reactivity after dithiothreitol treatment, and two sera with polyclonal IgG (anti-Fy(a) and -K) were all adsorbed by RESt. Titers of unadsorbed, once-adsorbed, and twice-adsorbed IgM and IgG antibodies were determined in parallel. RESULTS Ten of the 12 monoclonal IgM samples showed significant (more than fourfold) reduction in titer after RESt adsorptions. Both of the polyclonal IgG samples tested showed insignificant (fourfold or less) reduction in titer. CONCLUSIONS RESt is known to effectively remove IgM cold autoantibodies. Our results show that monoclonal IgM alloantibodies are also frequently adsorbed by RESt with significant reduction in titer. Adsorption is variable and some IgM alloantibodies are not adsorbed. Further studies may elucidate the effect of RESt adsorption on IgG alloantibodies. Caution is needed when RESt is employed to remove interferences by cold autoantibodies in pretransfusion testing, and the risk of missed IgM alloantibodies must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yuan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Lucchi M, Damle B, Fang A, de Caprariis PJ, Mussi A, Sanchez SP, Pasqualetti G, Del Tacca M. Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in serum, bronchial washings, alveolar macrophages and lung tissue following a single oral dose of extended or immediate release formulations of azithromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:884-91. [PMID: 18252692 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibacterial efficacy of azithromycin could be improved by achieving higher concentrations at the sites of infection. Azithromycin extended release (azithromycin-ER) formulation was developed to enable a higher dosage of 2 g to be administered as a single oral dose without decreasing the safety profile. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in serum, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), alveolar macrophages (AMs) and lung tissue following a single oral dose of azithromycin-ER or azithromycin immediate release (azithromycin-IR) formulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 64 patients, diagnosed with lung cancer, requiring open-chest surgery for lung resection, completed the study. Subjects were randomized to receive oral administration of either a single 2 g dose of azithromycin-ER (32 subjects) or a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin-IR (32 subjects). Simultaneously, subjects within each treatment group were randomized to one of eight specific nominal post-dose time points for bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue sampling. Results For azithromycin-IR formulation, the AUC(0-24) in serum, ELF, AMs and lung tissue was 3.1, 2.3, 1674 mg.h/L and 130 mg.h/kg, respectively. For azithromycin-ER formulation, the AUC(0-24) in serum, ELF, AMs and lung tissue were 10.0, 17.6, 7028 mg.h/L and 505 mg.h/kg, respectively. The AUC(0-24) ratio following administration of azithromycin-ER relative to azithromycin-IR was 3.2, 7.7, 4.2 and 3.9 in serum, ELF, AMs and lung tissue, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Within the first 24 h, a single 2 g azithromycin-ER dose produced dose-related increase in systemic exposure compared with a single 500 mg azithromycin-IR dose, which resulted in higher levels of azithromycin in ELF, AMs and lung tissue. Both formulations had similar safety profiles. By achieving high azithromycin exposure early in the course of treatment, without compromising tolerability, azithromycin-ER shows the potential for improved antibacterial efficacy compared with azithromycin-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lucchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Department, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Demain AL, George S, Kole M, Gerson DF, Fang A. Tetanus toxin production in soy-based medium: nutritional studies and scale-up into small fermentors. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:635-8. [PMID: 17908228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To further improve the soy-based medium, devoid of animal and dairy products, for a production of tetanus toxin by nutritional studies and to scale-up the Clostridium tetani process into small fermentors. METHODS AND RESULTS Optimum production of tetanus toxin did not require addition of pantothenic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, biotin and uracil, growth factors used by previous investigators. Furthermore, l-tyrosine and l-cysteine could be eliminated from our soy-based medium without effect. Seven carbon sources were compared with glucose in the soy-based medium, but none was found to be superior to glucose. The process was successfully scaled-up into 250-ml bottles, 1-l bottles and 1-l fermentors. CONCLUSIONS Quite remarkably, when comparing the tetanus production process in our soy-based medium with the traditional animal/dairy-containing media, our medium does not require addition of expensive vitamins, uracil or carbon sources other than glucose. Furthermore, the l-tyrosine and l-cysteine components could be eliminated, making the medium (Hy-Soy, glucose, powdered iron and inorganic salts) much more simple and economical. The successful scale-up from test tubes into 1-l fermentors allows us to predict that further scale-up into large fermentors will be successful. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Toxoid preparations made from toxin produced with animal and dairy products can contain undesirable contaminants such as the prion causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; mad cow's disease) or antigenic peptides that stimulate anaphylactic reactions and other undesirable immune reactions in immunized hosts. Our vegetable-based process avoids such unfortunate possibilities. The medium, having been made simpler and less expensive, and shown to be scaleable from test tubes into small fermentors, should be excellent for large scale production of tetanus toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Demain
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Fang A, Ru N, Fisher IR, Kapitulnik A. STM studies of TbTe3: evidence for a fully incommensurate charge density wave. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:046401. [PMID: 17678379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We observe unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) ordering on the quasi-2D material TbTe3 with a scanning tunneling microscope at approximately 6 K. Our analysis indicates that the CDW is fully incommensurate, with wave vector qCDW approximately 0.71x2pi/c. By imaging at various tip-sample voltages, we highlight effects of the subsurface layer and its effect on the CDW. We also observe an additional (possibly surface) dimerization and approximately 0.68x2pi/a ordering perpendicular to the CDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
A new pyrone derivative, 7, 9-dihydroxy-10-methyl-2H, 4aH, 6H, 10bH-pyrano[5,6-c][2]ben-zopyran-2,6-dione (1), was isolated from a culture broth of a strain of the fungus Cephalosporium sp. AL031, together with three known compounds, 3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxyl-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (2), vermopyrone (3), and 5-methylmellein (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including MS and 2D-NMR. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 are reported for the first time from fermentation broth of this fungus through the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mei Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
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Chen YG, Song XP, Hai LN, Lv YP, Fang A, Halaweish F, Liao XR. Compounds with DNA cleaving activity from Kadsura ananosma. Pharmazie 2006; 61:891-2. [PMID: 17069433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two DNA cleavage agents, meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1) and isobavachalcone (2) together with the known alpha-ylangene, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, pentacosane, hexacosanic acid and cerotic acid 1-monoglyceride were isolated from the stem barks of Kadsura ananosma Kerr for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 showed relaxation of supercoiled DNA to nicked DNA. 1 represented a new structural type of DNA cleavage agent, while 2 was reported to show DNA strand-scission activity for the first time. 1 also showed significant cytotoxic effect on Hela and Leukemia cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, China.
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Fang A, Gerson DF, Demain AL. Menstrum for culture preservation and medium for seed preparation in a tetanus toxin production process containing no animal or dairy products. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:360-3. [PMID: 16965364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To completely eliminate animal and dairy products from the lyophilization menstrum and the seed medium used to produce tetanus toxin with Clostridium tetani. METHODS AND RESULTS Tetanus toxin production in a recently developed fermentation medium lacking animal and dairy products was studied with different seed media. It was found that soy peptone could completely replace the beef heart infusion plus animal peptone previously used as seed medium. In addition, we found that cells lyophilized in soy milk could replace the usual type of cells lyophilized in cow's milk. CONCLUSIONS We have now developed a complete tetanus toxin production process containing no animal and dairy products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Toxoid preparations made from toxin produced with animal and dairy products can contain undesirable contaminants such as the prion causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow's Disease) or antigenic peptides that stimulate anaphylactic reactions and other undesirable immune reactions in immunized hosts. The new vegetable-based process described here avoids such unfortunate possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Wiebe E, Trouton K, Fang A. Comparing the side effects of hormonal contraceptives in Asian and Caucasian women. Contraception 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fang A, Pierson D, Mishra S, Demain A. Relief from glucose interference in microcin B17 biosynthesis by growth in a rotating-wall bioreactor. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2000.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
We have studied microbial secondary metabolism in a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment provided by NASA rotating-wall bioreactors (RWBs). These reactors were designed to simulate some aspects of actual microgravity that occur in space. Growth and product formation were observed in SMG in all cases studied, i.e., Bacillus brevis produced gramicidin S (GS), Streptomyces clavuligerus made beta-lactam antibiotics, Streptomyces hygroscopicus produced rapamycin, and Escherichia coli produced microcin B17 (MccB17). Of these processes, only GS production was unaffected by SMG; production of the other three products was inhibited. This was determined by comparison with performance in an RWB positioned in a different mode to provide a normal gravity (NG) environment. Carbon source repression by glycerol of the GS process, as observed in shaken flasks, was not observed in the RWBs, whether operated in the SMG or NG mode. The same phenomenon occurred in the case of MccB17 production, with respect to glucose repression. Thus, the negative effects of carbon source on GS and beta-lactam formation are presumably dependent on shear, turbulence, and/or vessel geometry, but not on gravity. Stimulatory effects of phosphate and the precursor L-lysine on beta-lactam antibiotic production, as observed in flasks, also occurred in SMG. An almost complete shift in the localization of produced MccB17 from cells to extracellular medium was observed when E. coli was grown in the RWB under SMG or NG. If a plastic bead was placed in the RWB, accumulation became cellular, as it is in shaken flasks, indicating that sheer stress favors a cellular location. In the case of rapamycin, the same type of shift was observed, but it was less dramatic, i.e., growth in the RWB under SMG shifted the distribution of produced rapamycin from 2/3 cellular:1/3 extracellular to 1/3 cellular:2/3 extracellular. Stress has been shown to induce or promote secondary metabolism in a number of other microbial systems. RWBs provide a low stress SMG environment, which, however, supports only poor production of MccB17, as compared to production in shaken flasks. We wondered whether the poor production in RWBs under SMG is due to the low level of stress, and whether increasing stress in the RWBs would raise the amount of MccB17 formed. We found that increasing shear stress by adding a single Teflon bead to the RWB improved MccB17 production. Although shear stress seems to have a marked positive effect on MccB17 production in SMG, addition of various concentrations of ethanol to RWBs (or to shaken flasks) failed to increase MccB17 production. Ethanol stress merely decreased production and, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth. Interestingly, cells growing in the RWB were much more resistant to the growth- and production-inhibitory effects of ethanol than cells growing in shaken flasks. With respect to S. hygroscopicus, addition of Teflon beads to the RWB reversed the inhibition of growth, but rapamycin production was still markedly inhibited, and the distribution did not revert back to a preferential cellular site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Demain
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
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Bursten BE, Casarin M, DiBella S, Fang A, Fragala IL. Photoelectron spectroscopy of f-element organometallic complexes. 6. Electronic structure of tetrakis(cyclopentadienyl)actinide complexes. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00208a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotube membrane as obtained from soft lithography-mediated selective chemical-vapor deposition template approach has been successfully integrated with flexible elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane framework to fabricate microsensing devices. Two proof-of-concept experiments, namely high-sensitivity chemical gas sensing and electrochemical detection have been performed to demonstrate its potential as a useful generic platform for general purposes sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Fang A, Xu M, Li Y, Ye L. [Microtrebeculectomy in glaucoma]. Yan Ke Xue Bao 2001; 17:239-40. [PMID: 12567514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT To study the clinical effectiveness of microtrabeculectomy. METHODS Of 80 patients (80 eyes) with various types of glaucoma, 40 (40 eyes) underwent microtrabeculectomy. The scleral flap measures 2 mm x 2 mm. The rectangular resection of trabeculum measures 1 mm x 1 mm. And 40(40 eyes) underwent standard trabeculectomy with the scleral flap measuring 3 mm x 4 mm and the resection of trebeculum measuring 1.0 mm x 3.0 mm. Vision acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, slit lamp examinations and opthalmicroscope examinations were performed before surgery and after surgery at one, two, eight and 15 days, and one, two, three, six, nine, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS The mean preoperative IOP was 44.11 +/- 14.86 mmHg(1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) for microtrabeculectomy and 46.45 +/- 11.27 mmHg for standard trabeculectomy. The mean postoperative IOP and operative complications were similar between the two groups. The mean postoperative IOP was 12.94 +/- 4.13 mmHg for the group with microtrabeculectomy and 13.51 +/- 3.56 mmHg for the group with standard trabeculectomy at the end of follow-up (12-18 months). The incidence of shallow anterior chamber was 16% (6/40) in micro group, while it was 2.6% (1/40) in the other group. There was no significant difference between the two groups(X2 = 1.59 < 3.84, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Microtrabeculectomy appears to provide reasonable control of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Affiliated Optometry Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Gao Q, Fang A, Pierson DL, Mishra SK, Demain AL. Shear stress enhances microcin B17 production in a rotating wall bioreactor, but ethanol stress does not. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 56:384-7. [PMID: 11549006 DOI: 10.1007/s002530100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress, including that caused by ethanol, has been shown to induce or promote secondary metabolism in a number of microbial systems. Rotating-wall bioreactors provide a low stress and simulated microgravity environment which, however, supports only poor production of microcin B17 by Escherichia coli ZK650, as compared to production in agitated flasks. We wondered whether the poor production is due to the low level of stress and whether increasing stress in the bioreactors would raise the amount of microcin B17 formed. We found that applying shear stress by addition of a single Teflon bead to a rotating wall bioreactor improved microcin B17 production. By contrast, addition of various concentrations of ethanol to such bioreactors (or to shaken flasks) failed to increase microcin B17 production. Ethanol stress merely decreased production and, at higher concentrations, inhibited growth. Interestingly, cells growing in the bioreactor were much more resistant to the growth-inhibitory and production-inhibitory effects of ethanol than cells growing in shaken flasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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Gao Q, Fang A, Demain AL. Induction of microcin B17 formation in Escherichia coli ZK650 by limitation of oxygen and glucose is independent of glucose consumption rate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 26:341-4. [PMID: 11571616 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2000] [Accepted: 04/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the consumption of glucose from the media in which Escherichia coli ZK650 was grown. This organism, which produces the polypeptide antibiotic microcin B17 best under conditions of limiting supplies of glucose and air, was grown with a low level of glucose (0.5 mg/ml) as well as a high level (5.0 mg/ml) under both high and low aeration. Glucose consumption rates were virtually identical under both high and low aeration. Thus, glucose consumption rate is not a regulating factor in microcin B17 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Abstract
Secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, are produced in nature and serve survival functions for the organisms producing them. The antibiotics are a heterogeneous group, the functions of some being related to and others being unrelated to their antimicrobial activities. Secondary metabolites serve: (i) as competitive weapons used against other bacteria, fungi, amoebae, plants, insects, and large animals; (ii) as metal transporting agents; (iii) as agents of symbiosis between microbes and plants, nematodes, insects, and higher animals; (iv) as sexual hormones; and (v) as differentiation effectors. Although antibiotics are not obligatory for sporulation, some secondary metabolites (including antibiotics) stimulate spore formation and inhibit or stimulate germination. Formation of secondary metabolites and spores are regulated by similar factors. This similarity could insure secondary metabolite production during sporulation. Thus the secondary metabolite can: (i) slow down germination of spores until a less competitive environment and more favorable conditions for growth exist; (ii) protect the dormant or initiated spore from consumption by amoebae; or (iii) cleanse the immediate environment of competing microorganisms during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Demain
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Kim WS, Wang Y, Fang A, Demain AL. Methionine interference in rapamycin production involves repression of demethylrapamycin methyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2908-10. [PMID: 10991888 PMCID: PMC90179 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.10.2908-2910.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a chemically defined medium, L-methionine decreased production of rapamycin and increased that of demethylrapamycin. Growth with L-methionine yielded cells with a lower ability to convert demethylrapamycin to rapamycin and decreased the level of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and S-adenosylmethionine. Thus, methionine represses at least one methyltransferase of rapamycin biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kim
- Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Fang A. Relief from glucose interference in microcin B17 biosynthesis by growth in a rotating-wall bioreactor. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fang A, Pierson DL, Mishra SK, Demain AL. Growth of Steptomyces hygroscopicus in rotating-wall bioreactor under simulated microgravity inhibits rapamycin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 54:33-6. [PMID: 10952002 DOI: 10.1007/s002539900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus under conditions of simulated microgravity in a rotating-wall bioreactor resulted in a pellet form of growth, lowered dry cell weight, and inhibition of rapamycin production. With the addition of Teflon beads to the bioreactor, growth became much less pelleted, dry cell weight increased but rapamycin production was still markedly inhibited. Growth under simulated microgravity favored extracellular production of rapamycin, in contrast to a greater percentage of cell-bound rapamycin observed under normal gravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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Fang A, Pierson DL, Mishra SK, Demain AL. Relief from glucose interference in microcin B17 biosynthesis by growth in a rotating-wall bioreactor. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 31:39-41. [PMID: 10886612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucose interference in production of microcin B17 by Escherichia coli ZK650 was decreased sevenfold by growth in a ground-based rotating-wall bioreactor operated in the simulated microgravity mode as compared with growth in flasks. When cells were grown in the bioreactor in the normal gravity mode, relief from glucose interference was even more dramatic, amounting to a decrease in glucose interference of over 100-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fang
- Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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