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Braun M, Frieden IJ, Siegel DH, George E, Hess CP, Fox CK, Chamlin SL, Drolet BA, Metry D, Pope E, Powell J, Holland K, Ulschmid C, Liang MG, Barry KK, Ho T, Cotter C, Baselga E, Bosquez D, Jain SN, Bui JK, Lara-Corrales I, Funk T, Small A, Baghoomian W, Yan AC, Treat JR, Hogrogian GS, Huang C, Haggstrom A, List M, McCuaig CC, Barrio V, Mancini AJ, Lawley LP, Grunnet-Satcher K, Horii KA, Newell B, Nopper A, Garzon MC, Scollan ME, Mathes EF. Multicenter Study of Long-Term Outcomes and Quality of Life in PHACE Syndrome after Age 10. J Pediatr 2024; 267:113907. [PMID: 38218370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize long-term outcomes of PHACE syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter study with cross-sectional interviews and chart review of individuals with definite PHACE syndrome ≥10 years of age. Data from charts were collected across multiple PHACE-related topics. Data not available in charts were collected from patients directly. Likert scales were used to assess the impact of specific findings. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scales were used to assess quality of life domains. RESULTS A total of 104/153 (68%) individuals contacted participated in the study at a median of 14 years of age (range 10-77 years). There were infantile hemangioma (IH) residua in 94.1%. Approximately one-half had received laser treatment for residual IH, and the majority (89.5%) of participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the appearance. Neurocognitive manifestations were common including headaches/migraines (72.1%), participant-reported learning differences (45.1%), and need for individualized education plans (39.4%). Cerebrovascular arteriopathy was present in 91.3%, with progression identified in 20/68 (29.4%) of those with available follow-up imaging reports. Among these, 6/68 (8.8%) developed moyamoya vasculopathy or progressive stenoocclusion, leading to isolated circulation at or above the level of the circle of Willis. Despite the prevalence of cerebrovascular arteriopathy, the proportion of those with ischemic stroke was low (2/104; 1.9%). PROMIS global health scores were lower than population norms by at least 1 SD. CONCLUSIONS PHACE syndrome is associated with long-term, mild to severe morbidities including IH residua, headaches, learning differences, and progressive arteriopathy. Primary and specialty follow-up care is critical for PHACE patients into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Braun
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dawn H Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Elizabeth George
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christine K Fox
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah L Chamlin
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Beth A Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Denise Metry
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Elena Pope
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristen Holland
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Caden Ulschmid
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Marilyn G Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kelly K Barry
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tina Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chantal Cotter
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bosquez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordan K Bui
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracy Funk
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Alison Small
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Wenelia Baghoomian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Albert C Yan
- Department of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James R Treat
- Department of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Griffin Stockton Hogrogian
- Department of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anita Haggstrom
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mary List
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Catherine C McCuaig
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Barrio
- Department of Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Anthony J Mancini
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Leslie P Lawley
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Kimberly A Horii
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | - Brandon Newell
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amy Nopper
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | - Maria C Garzon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Margaret E Scollan
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Erin F Mathes
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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Püttgen KB, Hansen LM, Lauren C, Stefanko N, Mathes E, Olsen GM, Tollefson MM, Adams D, Baselga E, Chamlin S, Corey K, Frascari FF, Frieden IJ, Galligan ER, Gupta D, Haggstrom A, Horii K, Hornik CP, Klajn J, Liberman L, Mancini A, Mannschreck D, McGinness A, McCuaig C, Newell B, Nguyen H, Nopper A, Oyesanya T, Powell J, Reynolds M, Rios M, Siegel DH, Ward K, Garzon MC, Frommelt P, Drolet BA. Limited utility of repeated vital sign monitoring during initiation of oral propranolol for complicated infantile hemangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:345-352. [PMID: 32289387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial propranolol recommendations for infantile hemangioma published in 2013 were intended as provisional best practices to be updated as evidence-based data emerged. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate utility of prolonged monitoring after first propranolol dose and escalation(s). Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of hemangioma requiring propranolol of greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/kg per dose, younger than 2 years, and heart rate monitoring for greater than or equal to 1 hour. Data collected included demographics, dose, vital signs, and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 783 subjects met inclusion criteria; median age at initiation was 112 days. None of the 1148 episodes of prolonged monitoring warranted immediate intervention or drug discontinuation. No symptomatic bradycardia or hypotension occurred during monitoring. Mean heart rate change from baseline to 1 hour was -8.19/min (±15.54/min) and baseline to 2 hours was -9.24/min (±15.84/min). Three preterm subjects had dose adjustments because of prescriber concerns about asymptomatic vital sign changes. No significant difference existed in pretreatment heart rate or in heart rate change between individuals with later adverse events during treatment and those without. CONCLUSION Prolonged monitoring for initiation and escalation of oral propranolol rarely changed management and did not predict future adverse events. Few serious adverse events occurred during therapy; none were cardiovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erin Mathes
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Chamlin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Flora F Frascari
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Deepti Gupta
- Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Justyna Klajn
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Anthony Mancini
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Anelah McGinness
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Amy Nopper
- University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Tola Oyesanya
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie Powell
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan Reynolds
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monica Rios
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kendra Ward
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Beth A Drolet
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Olsen GM, Hansen LM, Stefanko NS, Mathes E, Puttgen KB, Tollefson MM, Lauren C, Mancini AJ, McCuaig CC, Frieden IJ, Adams D, Baselga E, Chamlin S, Gupta D, Frommelt P, Garzon MC, Horii K, Klajn J, Maheshwari M, Newell B, Nguyen HL, Nopper A, Powell J, Siegel DH, Drolet BA. Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:186-190. [PMID: 31825455 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Oral propranolol is widely considered to be first-line therapy for complicated infantile hemangioma, but its use in patients with PHACE (posterior fossa malformations, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye anomalies) syndrome has been debated owing to concerns that the cardiovascular effects of the drug may increase the risk for arterial ischemic stroke. Objective To assess the incidence of adverse events among patients with PHACE syndrome receiving oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter retrospective cohort study assessed the incidence of adverse events among 76 patients with PHACE syndrome receiving oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma at 11 tertiary care, academic pediatric dermatology practices. Medical records from January 1, 2010, through April 25, 2017, were reviewed. Exposures Patients received oral propranolol, 0.3 mg/kg/dose or more. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the rate and severity of adverse events occurring throughout the course of treatment with oral propranolol, as documented in the medical records. Adverse events were graded from 1 to 5 using a scale derived from the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and were considered to be serious if they were grade 3 or higher. Results A total of 76 patients (59 girls and 17 boys; median age at propranolol initiation, 56 days [range, 0-396 days]) met the inclusion criteria. There were no reports of serious adverse events (ie, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cardiovascular events) during treatment with oral propranolol. A total of 46 nonserious adverse events were reported among 29 patients (38.2%); the most commonly reported nonserious adverse events were sleep disturbances and minor gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract symptoms. In a comparison with 726 infants who received oral propranolol for hemangioma but did not meet criteria for PHACE syndrome, there was no significant difference in the rate of serious adverse events experienced during treatment (0 of 76 patients with PHACE syndrome and 3 of 726 patients without PHACE syndrome [0.4%]). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that oral propranolol was used to treat infantile hemangioma in 76 patients with PHACE syndrome and that no serious adverse events were experienced. These data provide support for the safety of oral propranolol in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerilyn M Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Leanna M Hansen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Erin Mathes
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Katherine B Puttgen
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Dermatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Christine Lauren
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anthony J Mancini
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Catherine C McCuaig
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Denise Adams
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Chamlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepti Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Frommelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Maria C Garzon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly Horii
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Justyna Klajn
- Department of Hematology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohit Maheshwari
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Brandon Newell
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Henry L Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy Nopper
- Division of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julie Powell
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dawn H Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Beth A Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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4
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Püttgen K, Lucky A, Adams D, Pope E, McCuaig C, Powell J, Feigenbaum D, Savva Y, Baselga E, Holland K, Drolet B, Siegel D, Morel KD, Garzon MC, Mathes E, Lauren C, Nopper A, Horii K, Newell B, Song W, Frieden I. Topical Timolol Maleate Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-0355. [PMID: 27527799 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a dramatic increase in the off-label use of ophthalmic timolol maleate, a β-blocker used for infantile hemangioma (IH) treatment as a topical counterpart to oral propranolol. Its safety and efficacy in a pediatric population with IH have not been evaluated in a large cohort. Our goal was to retrospectively assess timolol's effectiveness, discern characteristics associated with response, and document reported adverse events. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 731 patients treated with topical timolol was completed at 9 centers. Inclusion required an IH suitable for timolol in the treating physician's judgment and access to clinical details including photographs. Logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistics were performed. Primary outcome measures were efficacy assessed by using visual analog scales for color and for size, extent, and volume from review of digital photographs taken as standard of care. RESULTS Most IHs were localized (80.1%) and superficial (55.3%). Risk of disfigurement was the most common indication for therapy (74.3%). Duration of therapy (P < .0001), initial thinness (P = .008), and subtype (P = .031) were significant predictors of response. Best response occurred in superficial IHs <1 mm thick. Fifty-three (7.3%) required subsequent therapy with systemic β-blocker. Adverse events were mild, occurring in 25 (3.4%) patients. No cardiovascular side effects were documented. CONCLUSIONS Timolol seems to be a well-tolerated, safe treatment option with moderate to good effectiveness, demonstrating best response in thin, superficial IHs regardless of pretreatment size. Timolol can be recommended as an alternative to systemic β-blockers and watchful waiting for many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Lucky
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Denise Adams
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elena Pope
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Julie Powell
- Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dana Feigenbaum
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yulia Savva
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Beth Drolet
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Dawn Siegel
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Erin Mathes
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Amy Nopper
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; and
| | | | | | - Wei Song
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilona Frieden
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone is a neoplasm that is rarely seen in children. Goltz syndrome is a disorder that affects multiple ectodermal and mesodermal tissues and has occasionally been associated with giant cell tumors of bone. Our case of giant cell tumor in a 5-year-old girl with Goltz syndrome suggests that this syndrome provides a unique situation wherein the practitioner should consider giant cell tumor of bone, even in a pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Metry DW, Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, Baselga E, Chamlin S, Garzon M, Horii K, Lucky A, Mancini AJ, Newell B, Nopper A, Heyer G, Frieden IJ. A prospective study of PHACE syndrome in infantile hemangiomas: demographic features, clinical findings, and complications. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:975-86. [PMID: 16575892 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PHACE (OMIM no. 606519) is a neurocutaneous syndrome that refers to the association of large, plaque-like, "segmental" hemangiomas of the face, with one or more of the following anomalies: posterior fossa brain malformations, arterial cerebrovascular anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies, eye anomalies, and ventral developmental defects, specifically sternal defects and/or supraumbilical raphe. The etiology and pathogenesis of PHACE is unknown, and potential risk factors for the syndrome have not been systematically studied. The purpose of this study was thus to determine (1) the incidence of PHACE and associated anomalies among a large cohort of hemangioma patients, (2) whether certain demographic, prenatal or perinatal risk factors predispose infants to this syndrome, and (3) whether the cutaneous distribution of the hemangioma can be correlated to the types of anomalies present. We undertook a prospective, cohort study of 1,096 children with hemangiomas, 25 of whom met criteria for PHACE. These 25 patients represented 20% of infants with segmental facial hemangiomas. Compared to previous reports, our PHACE patients had a higher incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular anomalies. Two developed acute arterial ischemic stroke during infancy, while two with cardiovascular anomalies showed documented evidence of normalization, suggesting that both progressive and regressive vascular phenomena may occur in this syndrome. Correlation to the anatomic location of the hemangioma appears to be helpful in determining which structural abnormalities might be present. A comparison of demographic and perinatal data between our PHACE cases and the hemangioma cohort overall showed no major differences, except a trend for PHACE infants to be of slighter higher gestational age and born to slightly older mothers. Eighty-eight percent were female, a finding which has been noted in multiple other reports. Further research is needed to determine possible etiologies, optimal evaluation, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Metry
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Mandon D, Nopper A, Litrol T, Goetz S. Tridentate coordination of monosubstituted derivatives of the tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand to FeCl3: structures and spectroscopic properties of ((2-bromopyridyl)methyl)bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Fe(III)Cl3 and (((2-p-methoxyphenyl)pyridyl)methyl)bis(2-pyridyl-methyl)]amine Fe(III)Cl3 and comparison with the bis(2-pyridylmethyl)]amine Fe(III)Cl3 complex. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4803-6. [PMID: 11511233 DOI: 10.1021/ic001339p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Mandon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique et de Catalyse, UMR CNRS No. 7513, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nopper
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
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