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Elkins TA, MacGregor A, Dougherty A, Olson A. Medical correlates of first-term attrition in US Navy personnel. BMJ Mil Health 2024; 170:135-140. [PMID: 36096542 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-term attrition (FTA), or failure of a military service member to complete their initial service contract, is a major financial burden and source of lost manpower in the US Navy. The objective of the present study was to examine medical correlates of FTA using healthcare and disability rating data. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all US Navy-enlisted personnel between the years 2003 and 2018 with FTA (n=58 777) and regular discharge (n=203 084) were identified for analysis from accession dates in the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System. Medical diagnoses from outpatient and inpatient records were abstracted from the Military Health System Data Repository. For a subgroup of the study population discharged with a disability rating (n=12 880), diagnoses were identified from the Integrated Disability Evaluation System. The FTA and regular discharge groups were compared using relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs, and per cent differences for the disability subgroup analysis. RESULTS Compared with regular discharges, those with FTA were more likely to have outpatient and inpatient diagnoses for mental health disorders. Personality disorder yielded the strongest association with FTA in both outpatient (RR=10.45, 95% CI 9.79 to 11.16) and inpatient settings (RR=18.97, 95% CI 14.16 to 25.42). Other disorders associated with FTA included schizophrenia, substance-related disorders, poisoning by psychotropic agents and adjustment disorders. In the disability analysis, the FTA group relative to regular discharges had the largest per cent differences for 'arthritis, degenerative (hypertrophic or osteoarthritis)' (10.8% vs 2.5%) and 'tibia and fibula, impairment' (3.0% vs 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that FTA is associated with both mental and physical health conditions. Mental and physical factors related to FTA require further examination, particularly whether pre-enlistment screening or early career intervention could lead to mitigation strategies. Future research should extend this analysis to other services and population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Alan Elkins
- Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA
| | - A MacGregor
- Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - A Dougherty
- Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
- Leidos, San Diego, California, USA
| | - A Olson
- Medical Modeling, Simulation, and Mission Support, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
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Nili M, Epstein AJ, Nunag D, Olson A, Borah BJ. Association between nintedanib adherence trajectory and healthcare use among idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:141. [PMID: 38504247 PMCID: PMC10953166 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inverse associations have been found between medication adherence and healthcare use and spending outcomes in many clinical settings, no studies to date have examined these relationships for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) initiating nintedanib. We build on our prior study that used group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to compare inpatient hospitalization and medical care spending outcomes between groups of patients with different nintedanib adherence trajectories. METHODS This analysis used 100% Medicare data and included beneficiaries with IPF who initiated nintedanib during 10/01/2014-12/31/2018. The sample consisted of community-dwelling older adults (≥ 66 years) with continuous coverage in Medicare Parts A (inpatient care), B (outpatient care) and D (prescription drugs) for one year before (baseline) and after (follow-up) initiating nintedanib. Patients were assigned to the GBTM-derived adherence trajectory group closest to their own nintedanib adherence experience. All-cause and IPF-related hospitalization events and total medical spending were measured during the follow-up period. Unadjusted and adjusted regression models were estimated to compare outcomes between patients in different nintedanib adherence trajectories. RESULTS Among the 1,798 patients initiating nintedanib, the mean age was 75.4 years, 61.1% were male, and 91.1% were non-Hispanic white. The best-fitting GBTM had five adherence trajectories: high adherence, moderate adherence, high-then-poor adherence, delayed-poor adherence, and early-poor adherence. All-cause hospitalizations and total all-cause medical spending were higher among patients in the high-then-poor, delayed-poor and early-poor adherence trajectories than those in the high adherence trajectory. For example, adjusted total all-cause medical spending was $4,876 (95% CI: $1,470 to $8,282) higher in the high-then-poor adherence trajectory, $3,639 (95% CI: $1,322 to $5,955) higher in the delayed-poor adherence trajectory and $3,907 (95% CI: $1,658 to $6,156) higher in the early-poor adherence trajectory compared with the high adherence trajectory. IPF-related hospitalizations and medical care spending were higher among those in the high-then-poor adherence trajectory compared with those in the high adherence trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Poor adherence to nintedanib was associated with all-cause hospitalizations and medical costs. Therefore, improved adherence programs, such as support programs, can be implemented to reduce economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nili
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, 06877, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | | | | | - Amy Olson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, 06877, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Nili M, Epstein AJ, Nunag D, Olson A, Borah B. Using group based trajectory modeling for assessing medication adherence to nintedanib among idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37370093 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adherence to antifibrotic medications has been evaluated in a few studies using annual proportion of days covered (PDC), a common adherence metric. However, PDC alone cannot identify and distinguish between different patterns of adherence over time, which can be accomplished using group-based trajectory models (GBTM) of monthly PDC. The objective is to assess nintedanib adherence trajectories using GBTM and identify characteristics of patients within each trajectory group. METHODS Individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who initiated nintedanib during 10/1/2014-12/31/2018 were identified in 100% Medicare claims and enrollment data. The sample consisted of community-dwelling older adults (≥ 66 years) with continuous coverage in Medicare Parts A, B and D for one year before (baseline) and after (follow-up) initiating nintedanib. A series of GBTMs of adherence was estimated to identify the best-fitting specification. Patients were then grouped based on their estimated adherence trajectories. Associations between baseline patient characteristics, including demographics, comorbidities, and health care use, and group membership probabilities were quantified as odds ratios using fractional multinomial logit modeling. RESULTS Among the 1,798 patients initiating nintedanib, mean age was 75.4 years, 61.1% were male, and 91.1% were non-Hispanic white. The best-fitting GBTM had five adherence trajectory groups: high adherence (43.1%), moderate adherence (11.9%), high-then-poor adherence (10.4%), delayed-poor adherence (13.2%), and early-poor adherence (21.5%). The principal factors associated with higher odds of being in at least one of the poor-adherence groups were older age, female sex, race and ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white, and number of medications during baseline. CONCLUSIONS GBTM identified distinct patterns of nintedanib adherence for the IPF patient cohort. Identifying adherence trajectory groups and understanding the characteristics of their members provide more actionable information to personalize interventions than conventional metrics of medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nili
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | | | | | - Amy Olson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Olson A, Hartmann N, Patnaik P, Wallace L, Schlenker-Herceg R, Nasser M, Richeldi L, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Cottin V. Estimation of the Prevalence of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: Systematic Literature Review and Data from a Physician Survey. Adv Ther 2021; 38:854-867. [PMID: 33315170 PMCID: PMC7889674 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis exhibit a progressive clinical phenotype. These chronic progressive fibrosing ILDs have a variety of underlying diseases, and their prevalence is currently unknown. Here we carry out the first systematic review of literature on the prevalence of fibrosing ILDs and progressive fibrosing ILDs using data from physician surveys to estimate frequency of progression among different ILDs. We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies assessing prevalence of ILD, individual ILDs associated with fibrosis and progressive fibrosing ILDs. These were combined with data from previously published physician surveys to obtain prevalence estimates of each chronic fibrosing ILD with a progressive phenotype and of progressive fibrosing ILDs overall. We identified 16 publications, including five reporting overall ILD prevalence, estimated at 6.3-76.0 per 100,000 people in Europe (four studies) and 74.3 per 100,000 in the USA (one study). In total, 13-40% of ILDs were estimated to develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype, with overall prevalence estimates for progressive fibrosing ILDs of 2.2-20.0 per 100,000 in Europe and 28.0 per 100,000 in the USA. Prevalence estimates for individual progressive fibrosing ILDs varied up to 16.7 per 100,000 people. These conditions represent a sizeable fraction of chronic respiratory disorders and have a high unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Olson
- Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Nadine Hartmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Padmaja Patnaik
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Laura Wallace
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Mouhamad Nasser
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, UMR 754, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Dupas T, Denis M, Dontaine J, Persello A, Bultot L, Erraud A, Vertommen D, Bouchard B, Dhot J, De Waard M, Olson A, Rozec B, Rosiers CD, Bertrand L, Issad T, Lauzier B. O-GlcNAc levels are regulated in a tissue and time specific manner during post-natal development, independently of dietary intake. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to clarify the concept of knowledge translation (KT) to close the gap that exists between research knowledge and actionable nursing practice. BACKGROUND KT addresses the research to practice gap that exists in healthcare. KT is often confused with other terms and needs to be defined further as a concept for clarification and application in nursing practice. DESIGN Concept analysis using the Walker and Avant method. DATA SOURCES Databases searched were OVID, CINAHL, ProQuest, Mendeley, Western Libraries, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were "knowledge translation", "knowledge", "translation", "evidence-based practice", "research dissemination". Abstracts were reviewed for relevance, and 27 articles available in full-text and in English from 2000 to 2018 were retained. Online dictionaries included Merriam-Webster. The ancestry method was also used to retrieve relevant articles. RESULTS KT is one of many terms used to describe the concept of moving research to actionable practice in healthcare. Six attributes of KT were identified: collaboration, action, receptivity, process, translation, and improved healthcare outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Nurses are responsible to provide the best care to their patients, and effectively using KT in nursing practice can ensure better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Olson
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abe Oudshoorn
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Ibrahim KM, Williams PC, Olson A, Torounsky R, Naser E, Ghebremariam FH, Masri MA. Genetic variation in morphologically divergent mainland and island populations of Soemmerring’s gazelles (Nanger soemmerringii). MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wijsenbeek M, Kreuter M, Olson A, Fischer A, Bendstrup E, Wells CD, Denton CP, Mounir B, Zouad-Lejour L, Quaresma M, Cottin V. Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: current practice in diagnosis and management. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:2015-2024. [PMID: 31328965 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1647040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Some patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype. We investigated the diagnosis and management of non-IPF ILDs using data from a survey of physicians and from US insurance claims. Methods: Pulmonologists, rheumatologists and internists in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, UK and US who had managed ≥10 patients with non-IPF ILDs in the past year, including those with progressive fibrosing ILDs, completed an online survey. Data on US insurance and prescription claims were obtained from a repository that aggregates data on claims routed from providers or pharmacies to payers. Results: In May-June 2017, 243 pulmonologists, 203 rheumatologists and 40 internists completed an online survey. Respondents estimated that 18-32% of patients diagnosed with non-IPF ILDs develop progressive fibrosis and that time from symptom onset to death in these patients was 61-80 months. Drug treatment was given to 50-75% of patients with non-IPF progressive fibrosing ILDs. Reasons for patients not being treated included that physicians considered patients to have mild or slowly progressing disease, or did not believe that available treatments are effective or well tolerated. Corticosteroids were the preferred first-line treatment for all types of non-IPF ILD. There was considerable heterogeneity in preferences for second- and third-line treatments. US insurance claims data from 3823 patients indicated that, in 2016, 50-75% of patients with ILDs received drug treatment (mostly corticosteroids) for their ILD. Conclusions: Physicians estimate that 18-32% of patients diagnosed with non-IPF ILDs develop a progressive fibrosing phenotype and that these patients experience significant delays in the diagnosis of ILD and the detection of progressive fibrosis. Between 25% and 50% of patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs do not receive drug therapy. There is an unmet need for effective and well tolerated treatments for progressive fibrosing ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Wijsenbeek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Amy Olson
- National Jewish Health , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Aryeh Fischer
- University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver , CO , USA
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University College London Division of Medicine , London , UK
| | - Baher Mounir
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein , Germany
| | | | - Manuel Quaresma
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein , Germany
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
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Jacobs S, Sethi H, Kolveska T, George T, Shchegrova S, Tin T, Lee J, Olson A, Renner D, Kalashnikova E, Yothers G, Wolmark N, Pogue-Geile K, Srinivasan A, Kortmansky J, Louie M, Salari R, Zimmermann B, Aleshin A, Allegra C. Analysis of circulating tumour DNA for early relapse detection in stage III colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Olson A, Jahdami VA, Timmons M, Perin E, Chambers J, Willerson J, Rezvani K, Mendt M, Durand J, Shpall E. A clinical trial of intravenous mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of anthracycline associated cardiomyopathy. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Olson A, Sischo WM, Berge ACB, Adams-Progar A, Moore DA. A retrospective cohort study comparing dairy calf treatment decisions by farm personnel with veterinary observations of clinical signs. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6391-6403. [PMID: 31030920 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are frequently administered to calves with diarrhea, despite evidence suggesting questionable efficacy. Even if efficacious, providing the appropriate therapy to an animal requires accurate disease detection. The objective of this study was to use previously collected data and compare clinical scoring by a veterinarian to treatment decisions by on-farm personnel. Data describing daily clinical scores and farm treatments were previously collected from 4 farms for calves from birth to age 28 d. In this data set, a total of 460 calves were enrolled. Daily observations and clinical assessments were made on each farm by the same veterinarian, for a total of 12,101 calf observation days. Farm personnel made all treatment decisions based on their own observations, and these treatments were recorded by study personnel. Overall, the cumulative incidence of a calf exhibiting at least one abnormal clinical sign over the 28-d observation period was 0.93, with cumulative incidences of 0.85 and 0.33 for diarrhea and dehydration, respectively. The cumulative incidence of any treatment (including antibiotics and electrolytes) was 0.85, although the majority of treatments used an antimicrobial. The farm-specific probabilities that a calf with clinical signs of dehydration or diarrhea, respectively, received fluid or electrolyte therapy ranged from 0.08 to 0.27 and 0.03 to 0.12. These probabilities were greater for the day a clinical sign was first observed. The farm-specific probabilities that a calf with clinical signs of diarrhea received an antimicrobial was 0.23 to 0.65, and the probability that a calf exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease received an antimicrobial was 0.33 to 0.76. The first observation of diarrhea had similar probabilities to those for all observations of diarrhea. There was greater probability of treatment for calves with their first observed abnormal respiratory signs. Probabilities that treatment with antimicrobials, or fluids or electrolytes, was associated with an abnormal clinical sign were low-that is, calves received treatments in the absence of any abnormal clinical signs. This study illustrates incongruity between treatment decisions by calf treaters (the designated personnel on each farm responsible for calf health assessment and treatment decisions) and those of an observer using a clinical scoring system to identify calves with abnormal clinical signs. These findings indicate opportunities and the need for dairy farmers and advisors to evaluate calf treatment protocols, reasons for treatment, and training programs for calf health and disease detection, as well as to develop monitoring programs for treatment protocol compliance and health outcomes following therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - W M Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - A C B Berge
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Adams-Progar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
| | - D A Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164.
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Reinert T, Henriksen T, Rasmussen M, Sethi H, Salari R, Shchegrova S, Swenerton R, Wu HT, Sharma S, Christensen E, Natarajan P, Dashner S, Tin T, Olson A, Pawar H, Zimmermann B, Iversen L, Madsen M, Lin J, Andersen C. Serial circulating tumor DNA analysis for detection of residual disease, assessment of adjuvant therapy efficacy and for early recurrence detection in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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13
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Olson A, Marini F, Westin S, Coleman R, Thall P, Al Jahdami V, Qazilbash M, Rezvani K, Timmons M, Heese L, Wang R, Champlin R, Shpall E, Andreeff M. A phase I trial of mesenchymal stem cells transfected with a plasmid secreting interferon beta in advanced ovarian cancer. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu Y, Eichler CMA, Cao J, Benning J, Olson A, Chen S, Liu C, Vejerano EP, Marr LC, Little JC. Particle/Gas Partitioning of Phthalates to Organic and Inorganic Airborne Particles in the Indoor Environment. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3583-3590. [PMID: 29446939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The particle/gas partition coefficient Kp is an important parameter affecting the fate and transport of indoor semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and resulting human exposure. Unfortunately, experimental measurements of Kp exist almost exclusively for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with very few studies focusing on SVOCs that occur in indoor environments. A specially designed tube chamber operating in the laminar flow regime was developed to measure Kp of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) for one inorganic (ammonium sulfate) and two organic (oleic acid and squalane) particles. The values of Kp for the organic particles (0.23 ± 0.13 m3/μg for oleic acid and 0.11 ± 0.10 m3/μg for squalane) are an order of magnitude higher than those for the inorganic particles (0.011 ± 0.004 m3/μg), suggesting that the process by which the particles accumulate SVOCs is different. A mechanistic model based on the experimental design reveals that the presence of the particles increases the gas-phase concentration gradient in the boundary layer, resulting in enhanced mass transfer from the emission source into the air. This novel approach provides new insight into experimental designs for rapid Kp measurement and a sound basis for investigating particle-mediated mass transfer of SVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Texas A&M University-Kingsville , Kingsville , Texas 78363 , United States
| | - Clara M A Eichler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Jianping Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Jennifer Benning
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , Rapid City , South Dakota 57701 , United States
| | - Amy Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Shengyang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Eric P Vejerano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - John C Little
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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Williamson K, Lank P, Wheaton N, Olson A, Olson N, Lovell E. 425 Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions About Physician Wellness Education. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johnson K, Petti J, Olson A, Custer T. Identifying barriers to early mobilisation among mechanically ventilated patients in a trauma intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017; 42:51-54. [PMID: 28743548 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically ventilated patients can be at risk for functional decline (Cameron et al., 2015). Early mobilisation of mechanically ventilated patients can improve outcomes after critical illness to prevent this decline. Although registered nurses understand the importance of early mobilisation there are nurses who are unwilling to mobilise patients. AIM The aim of this study is to examine whether nurses' attitudes and beliefs are barriers for early mobilisation and evaluate whether an education intervention can improve early mobilisation. METHOD Pre-test, post-test intervention with registered nurses and charge nurses in a 22 bed trauma intensive care setting. PROCEDURE Pre-test, post-test survey assessed perceived barriers in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours followed by targeted education. RESULTS Dependent Sample T-test revealed a statistically significant increase in post-test responses for the subscales knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours with early mobilisation. This over-all increase in post-test results support that understanding barriers can improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Use of structured surveys to identify barriers for early mobilisation among nursing can assist in providing targeted education that address nurse's perception. The education intervention appeared to have a positive impact on attitudes but it is unknown if the difference was sustained over time or affected participants practice or patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Johnson
- Honor Health Thompson Peak Medical Center, 7400 E. Thompson Peak Parkway, Scottsdale, AZ, 85255, United States.
| | - Jamie Petti
- Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Honor Health John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85020, United States.
| | - Amy Olson
- Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Honor Health John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85020, United States.
| | - Tina Custer
- Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Honor Health John C Lincoln Medical Center, 250 East Dunlap Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85020, United States.
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Bruinsma TJ, Olson A. High Intensity Versus Low Volume Resistance Exercise On Postprandial Triglycerides In Healthy College Students. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518084.26255.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olson A, Ciabatti A, Hristova Y, Kuchment P, Ragusa J, Allmaras M. Passive Detection of Small Low-Emission Sources: Two-Dimensional Numerical Case Studies. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse15-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Olson
- Texas A&M University, Department of Mathematics, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A. Ciabatti
- Texas A&M University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Y. Hristova
- University of Michigan–Dearborn, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
| | - P. Kuchment
- Texas A&M University, Department of Mathematics, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J. Ragusa
- Texas A&M University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - M. Allmaras
- Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany
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McGee H, King M, Olson A, Kim E, Fischman A, Schwartz M, Rosenzweig K, Buckstein M. Combined External Beam Radiation Therapy and Transarterial Radioembolization for HCC with Gross Vascular Invasion. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Motion parallax, the ability to recover depth from retinal motion generated by observer translation, is important for visual depth perception. Recent work indicates that the perception of depth from motion parallax relies on the slow eye movement system. It is well known that ethanol intoxication reduces the gain of this system, and this produces the horizontal gaze nystagmus that law enforcement's field sobriety test is intended to reveal. The current study demonstrates that because of its influence on the slow eye movement system, ethanol intoxication impairs the perception of depth from motion parallax. Thresholds in a motion parallax task were significantly increased by acute ethanol intoxication, whereas thresholds for an identical test relying on binocular disparity were unaffected. Perhaps a failure of motion parallax plays a role in alcohol-related driving accidents; because of the effects of alcohol on eye movements, intoxicated drivers may have inaccurate or inadequate information for judging the relative depth of obstacles from motion parallax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nawrot
- Department of Psychology, Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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Hopkins T, Solomon L, Shi Y, Rodriguez L, Donawho C, DiGiammarino E, Panchal S, Olson A, Stolarik D, Osterling D, Gao W, Johnson E, Maag D. 246 PARP inhibitors trap PARP1 onto damaged DNA via catalytic inhibition and not by an allosteric mechanism. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fier K, Swigris J, Belkin A, Cosgrove G, Kevin B, Olson A. Validation of Portable Home Spirometry Measurements in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1993184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Van der Nest MA, Olson A, Lind M, Vélëz H, Dalman K, Brandström Durling M, Karlsson M, Stenlid J. Distribution and evolution of het gene homologs in the basidiomycota. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 64:45-57. [PMID: 24380733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In filamentous fungi a system known as somatic incompatibility (SI) governs self/non-self recognition. SI is controlled by a regulatory signaling network involving proteins encoded at the het (heterokaryon incompatible) loci. Despite the wide occurrence of SI, the molecular identity and structure of only a small number of het genes and their products have been characterized in the model fungi Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina. Our aim was to identify and study the distribution and evolution of putative het gene homologs in the Basidiomycota. For this purpose we used the information available for the model fungi to identify homologs of het genes in other fungi, especially the Basidiomycota. Putative het-c, het-c2 and un-24 homologs, as well as sequences containing the NACHT, HET or WD40 domains present in the het-e, het-r, het-6 and het-d genes were identified in certain members of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The widespread phylogenetic distribution of certain het genes may reflect the fact that the encoded proteins are involved in fundamental cellular processes other than SI. Although homologs of het-S were previously known only from the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota), we also identified a putative homolog of this gene in Gymnopus luxurians (Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes). Furthermore, with the exception of un-24, all of the putative het genes identified occurred mostly in a multi-copy fashion, some with lineage and species-specific expansions. Overall our results indicated that gene duplication followed by gene loss and/or gene family expansion, as well as multiple events of domain fusion and shuffling played an important role in the evolution of het gene homologs of Basidiomycota and other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Van der Nest
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden.
| | - A Olson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - M Lind
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - H Vélëz
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - K Dalman
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - M Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - M Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - J Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden
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Swigris J, Olson A. Increased Number of Pulmonary Embolisms in Sarcoidosis Patients: Response. Chest 2012. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Campos M, Gervais S, Olson A. Glycemic Control Strategies In A Distance Runner With Type 1 Diabetes Training For A Marathon. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401639.93108.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olson A. The Willa Cather Memorial Prairie: An Art-Inspired Restoration from the Nebraska Plains. ECOL RESTOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3368/er.28.4.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Individually administered tests are often normed on small samples, a process that may result in irregularities within and across various age or grade distributions. Test users often smooth distributions guided by Thurstone assumptions (normality and linearity) to result in norms that adhere to assumptions made about how the data should look. Test users, however, may come across particular tests or sets of data in which the Thurstone assumptions are untenable. When users expect deviations from normality within age or grade, an alternate method is desirable. The authors present a relatively simple procedure that allows the user to treat observed raw scores as ordinal data with differently shaped sample distributions across age levels. Each age-level group is used twice to create new moving composite group distributions that replace (i.e., smooth) the original groups to reduce irregularities due to the small sample sizes. The authors present the results of a simulation study of the method, demonstrating that moving composite groups ameliorate error introduced by small samples beyond applying the normalized inverse to a score distribution. The method presented might satisfy those who question whether their data meet the strong assumptions of normality and interval-level measurement, and the simplicity might encourage smoothing by additional users.
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Lingor RJ, Olson A. Fluid and Diet Patterns Associated with Weight Cycling and Changes in Body Composition Assessed by Continuous Monitoring Throughout a College Wrestling Season. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1763-72. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181db22fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Olson A, Walker J, Gervais S, Campos M. Vitamin D Status in Division III Male Cross Country and Track Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386212.51727.f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Campos M, Gervais S, Walker J, Olson A. Iron Deficiency in Division III Male Cross Country and Track Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386209.05985.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adler Y, Adler MJ, Weisenthal L, Reed J, Krajewska M, Olson A, Krajewski S. Immunoproteomics strategy for automation of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity array. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
20076 Background: Chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assays (CSRAs) often guide therapeutic regimen selection based on patient cancer cells response to chemotherapeutics in culture. Current CSRAs rely on highly time- and skill- dependent biochemical and microscopic endpoint assays of apoptosis. Instead, the assay under development uses immunoproteomic array readout of biomarkers. Such automation may broaden the use of CSRAs for guiding clinical use of increasingly costly chemotherapeutic options. Methods: Specimens from 30 ovarian cancer patients were cultured with and without cisplatinum according to established CSRA procedures (http://weisenthal.org/w_ovarian_cp.pdf). Cells pelleted and fixed at experimental points (0 and 96 hrs cisplatin, and 96 hrs non-treated) were paraffin embedded for construction of immunoproteomic microarrays. A panel of 57 NIH cancer cell lines was similarly arrayed. Protein profiling is performed with monospecific antibodies for 35 select markers of cell cycle, apoptosis, cell signalling, and transcription. Immunostaining results, including rate of cell death and marker expression level are quantitated manually (immunoscore assigned for cell core) and automatically (algorithm by Aperio, Inc). Results: Evaluation of readouts differentiates responders from non-responders aiming to predict clinical chemotherapy outcome. For a subset of imunoproteomic markers, observed expression corresponds to either induced apoptosis or to cisplatin resistance. Selected markers were subjected to cytologic analysis and time line westerns; results corroborate protein profiling data. Correspondence to the results of the classic CSRAs and individual patient therapeutic response will be unblinded. Conclusions: Use of immunoproteomic arrays to replicate classic CSRAs by establishing concordant results may allow automated guidance for chemotherapeutic choices. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Adler
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - M. J. Adler
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - L. Weisenthal
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - J. Reed
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - M. Krajewska
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - A. Olson
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
| | - S. Krajewski
- MDNA, Inc, Solana Beach, CA; San Diego Cancer Center, San Diego, CA; Weisenthal Cancer Group, Huntington Beach, CA; Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA; CelleStan LLC, Oceanside, CA; Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA
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Abstract
Use of RNA interference (RNAi) in forward genetic screens is proliferating. Currently, short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are being used to silence genes to tease out functional information. It is becoming easier to harness RNAi to silence specific genes, owing to the development of libraries of readymade shRNA and siRNA gene-silencing constructs by using a variety of sources. RNAi Codex, which consists of a database of shRNA related information and an associated website, has been developed as a portal for publicly available shRNA resources and is accessible at . RNAi Codex currently holds data from the Hannon–Elledge shRNA library and allows the use of biologist-friendly gene names to access information on shRNA constructs that can silence the gene of interest. It is designed to hold user-contributed annotations and publications for each construct, as and when such data become available. We will describe features of RNAi Codex and explain the use of the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R. Sachidanandam
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 516 367 8864; Fax: +1 516 367 8389;
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Lum L, Davol P, Colvin G, Rathore R, Abedi M, Palushock E, Olson A, Tarro T, Quesenberry P. Immune consolidation after stem cell transplant for CD20+ nonhodgkin’s lymphoma using multiple infusions of autologous activated t cells (ATC) with anti-cd3 x anti-cd20 bispecific antibody (CD20Bi) to improve graft-vs-lymphoma effects. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.11.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, Rachmilewitz D, Hanauer SB, Lichtenstein GR, de Villiers WJS, Olson A, Johanns J, Travers S, Colombel JF. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: the ACT 2 trial. Z Gastroenterol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-869606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wagner CL, Schantz A, Barnathan E, Olson A, Mascelli MA, Ford J, Damaraju L, Schaible T, Maini RN, Tcheng JE. Consequences of immunogenicity to the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies ReoPro and Remicade. Dev Biol (Basel) 2003; 112:37-53. [PMID: 12762503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The clinical consequences of immune antibodies generated to abciximab (ReoPro) and infliximab (Remicade) are described. Abciximab, a chimaeric Fab fragment that binds to the beta3 integrin of the GPIIb/IIIa and alphavbeta3 receptors on human platelets, is approved in the US and Europe for use in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to prevent cardiac ischaemic complications. The effects of induced antibodies upon the safety and efficacy of repeat administration of abciximab have been evaluated in the ReoPro Re-administration Registry Study, in which 5.7% of patients were HACA positive before re-treatment. An interim evaluation of 1000 patients has indicated that re-administration of abciximab can be accomplished in the setting of PCI with an acceptable safety and efficacy profile. Infliximab is a chimaeric IgG1 antibody specific for human TNFalpha, and is approved in the US and Europe for the acute treatment of the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease and for the chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The incidence of antibodies to infliximab is reported to be approximately 10%; however, an inverse dose-immunogenicity relationship was observed, indicating that higher doses of infliximab (> or = 3 to 10 mg/kg) could reduce the incidence of immune antibodies. The induction of immune antibodies could also be reduced by concomitant administration of low-dose methotrexate and other immunosuppressant agents. Although antibodies to infliximab appeared to be associated with lower serum infliximab concentrations and a slightly higher incidence of infusion reactions, these immune antibodies were generally not associated with a reduction in clinical efficacy. In addition, the antibodies induced to infliximab are specific for infliximab, and do not cross-react with other currently available therapeutic antibodies.
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Olson A. Tangible interfaces in molecular biology. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302093728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Humphreys GW, Olson A. Separating effects of orthographic similarity and contour summation in the identification of masked letter strings. Q J Exp Psychol A 2001; 54:1203-19. [PMID: 11765740 DOI: 10.1080/713756017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We separated effects of contour summation and orthographic similarity under masking conditions, by comparing identification with simultaneous and sequentially presented letter strings, which either did or did not overlap spatially. With overlapping simultaneous stimuli, performance was better for strings with similar contours than for strings with the same letters (the orthographic similarity condition). This suggests that contour summation effects were strongest in the condition where stimuli had similar contours. With sequential presentations, performance in the similar contour and the orthographically similar conditions was equated when the stimuli were overlapping. However, effects of contour summation decreased when prime and target letters were spatially displaced, whereas performance in the orthographically similar condition was maintained. We conclude that effects of orthographic similarity can be distinguished from effects of contour summation, under masking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Humphreys
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
The early stages of visual word recognition were investigated by scanning participants using PET as they took part in implicit and explicit reading tasks with visually disrupted stimuli. CaSe MiXiNg has been shown in behavioral studies to increase reaction times (RTs) in naming and other word recognition tasks. In this study, we found that during both an implicit (feature detection) task and an explicit word-naming task, mixed-case words compared to same-case words produced increased activation in an area of the right parietal cortex previously associated with visual attention. No effect of case was found in this area for pseudowords or consonant strings. Further, lowering the contrast of the stimuli slowed RTs as much as case mixing, but did not lead to the same increase in right parietal activation. No significant effect of case mixing was observed in left-hemisphere language areas. The results suggest that reading mixed-case words requires increased attentional processing. However, later word recognition processes may be relatively unaffected by the disruption in presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mayall
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of and to identify predictors of preadolescent gun use in a well child cohort with matched parent and child data. METHODS We analyzed self-report questionnaires from children and their parents using conditional logistic regression models. Questionnaires were given to 3,145 ten- to twelve-year-old children and 3,145 parents enrolled by their pediatricians in a prevention cohort study. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of the children lived in households with guns. Children and parents generally agreed about the presence of guns in their homes; 17% had access to unlocked guns in their homes; 22% had fired guns. In this preadolescent cohort, firing guns was associated with being male, having guns in the home, having friends who use guns, and initiation of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS In this well child cohort, significant numbers of preadolescent, healthy boys in white, middle-class U.S. homes have access to guns, are using guns, and have friends who use guns. These children are also early alcohol adopters. Safety interventions with parents of preadolescents about the risks for accidental injury, death, and suicide due to child gun use may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Stevens
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Ellingsen T, Elling P, Olson A, Elling H, Baandrup U, Matsushima K, Deleuran B, Stengaard-Pedersen K. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59:775-80. [PMID: 11005777 PMCID: PMC1753013 DOI: 10.1136/ard.59.10.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the localisation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the inflamed vessel wall in temporal arteritis (TA) and to measure MCP-1 in plasma both in patients with TA and patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). METHODS By immunohistochemical techniques MCP-1 was localised to the vessel wall in patients with TA. In TA, PMR, and healthy controls MCP-1 was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma. RESULTS MCP-1 was localised to the majority of mononuclear cells, some smooth muscle cells, and giant cells in the arterial biopsy specimens from 12 patients with histologically verified TA. In all sections, including the vasa vasorum, the endothelium stained positive. In the intima 73% (range 57-91%), in the media 49% (range 32-67%), and in the adventitia 74% (range of 62-91%) of all cells stained positive. In plasma MCP-1 was significantly raised in untreated TA (n=33) and untreated PMR (n=27) compared with healthy controls (n=12). Untreated TA plasma levels of MCP-1 (mean 391 pg/ml (range 82-778 pg/ml)) were similar to untreated PMR plasma levels (mean 402 pg/ml (range 29-1153 pg/ml)), and no significant difference was found between the two groups of patients. In both patients with TA and patients with PMR no correlation was found between the plasma level of MCP-1 and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, haemoglobin concentration, and CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results show that MCP-1 plays a part in the disease processes of TA and PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ellingsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
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Mechelli A, Humphreys GW, Mayall K, Olson A, Price CJ. Differential effects of word length and visual contrast in the fusiform and lingual gyri during reading. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:1909-13. [PMID: 11052544 PMCID: PMC1690747 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown differential responses in the fusiform and lingual gyri during reading and suggested that the former is engaged in processing local features of visual stimuli and the latter is engaged in global shape processing. We used positron emission tomography in order to investigate how these regions are modulated by two common variables in reading: word length (three, six and nine letters) and perceptive similarity to the background (high and low contrast). Increasing both word length and visual contrast had a positive monotonic effect on activation in the bilateral fusiform. However, in the lingual gyrus, activation increased with increasing word length but decreased with increasing contrast. On the basis of previous studies, we suggest that (i) increasing word length increases the demands on both local feature and global shape processing, but (ii) increasing visual contrast increases the demands on local feature processing while decreasing the demands on global shape processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mechelli
- Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK.
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Humphreys GW, Cinel C, Wolfe J, Olson A, Klempen N. Fractionating the binding process: neuropsychological evidence distinguishing binding of form from binding of surface features. Vision Res 2000; 40:1569-96. [PMID: 10788659 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We present neuropsychological evidence demonstrating that the binding of form elements into shapes dissociates from the binding of surface detail to shape. Data are reported from a patient with bilateral parietal lesions, GK, who manifests left-side visual extinction along with many illusory conjunctions when asked to discriminate both surface and form information about stimuli. We show that there are effects of grouping on both extinction and illusory conjunctions when the tasks require report of object shape. In contrast, illusory conjunctions involving surface and form information were unaffected by grouping based on shape. In addition, grouping was stronger when forms were presented within the same hemifield than when they appeared in different hemifields, whilst illusory conjunctions of form and colour occurred equally often within and across hemifields. These results support a two-stage account of visual binding: form elements are first bound together locally into shapes, and this is followed by a second stage of binding in which shapes are integrated with surface details. The second but not the first stage of binding is impaired in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Humphreys
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Centre, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Mechelli A, Humphreys G, Mayall K, Olson A, Price C. Contrasting effects of wordlength and visual contrast in fusiform and lingual gyri during reading. Neuroimage 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
A variety of impairments in visual attention can follow damage to the brain. The authors develop systematic methods for analyzing such impairments in terms of C. Bundesen's (1990) Theory of Visual Attention and apply these in a group of 9 patients with parietal lobe lesions and variable spatial neglect. In whole report, patients report letters from brief, vertical arrays in left or right visual field. The results show substantial, largely bilateral impairments in processing capacity, implying a major nonlateralized aspect to neglect. In partial report, arrays contain 1 or 2 letters in red and/or green. The task is to report only those letters in a specified target color. In addition to the expected bias against left-sided letters, patients show striking, bilateral preservation of top-down control, or attentional priority for targets. The results show how differentiation of attentional impairments can be informed by a theory of normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duncan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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45
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Abstract
A variety of impairments in visual attention can follow damage to the brain. The authors develop systematic methods for analyzing such impairments in terms of C. Bundesen's (1990) Theory of Visual Attention and apply these in a group of 9 patients with parietal lobe lesions and variable spatial neglect. In whole report, patients report letters from brief, vertical arrays in left or right visual field. The results show substantial, largely bilateral impairments in processing capacity, implying a major nonlateralized aspect to neglect. In partial report, arrays contain 1 or 2 letters in red and/or green. The task is to report only those letters in a specified target color. In addition to the expected bias against left-sided letters, patients show striking, bilateral preservation of top-down control, or attentional priority for targets. The results show how differentiation of attentional impairments can be informed by a theory of normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duncan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Felt B, Wise CG, Olson A, Kochhar P, Marcus S, Coran A. Guideline for the management of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling. Multidisciplinary team from the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153:380-5. [PMID: 10201721 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.153.4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an evidence-based guideline for the primary pediatric care of children (birth to 18 years old) with idiopathic constipation and soiling. DATA SOURCES References were identified through a MEDLINE search from January 1975 through January 1998 to address 3 focus questions: (1) the best path to early, accurate diagnosis; (2) best methods for adequate clean-out; and (3) best approaches to promote patient and family compliance with management. DATA SELECTION Twenty-five references were identified. DATA EXTRACTION References were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team and graded according to the following criteria: randomized controlled trial; controlled trial, no randomization; observational study; and expert opinion. Evidence tables were developed for each focus question. DATA SYNTHESIS An algorithm and clinical care guideline were developed by consultation and consensus among team members. Emphasis was placed on methods to promote early identification of pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling, to recognize points of referral, and to increase patient and family compliance with treatment through use of education, developmentally based interventions, and variables for tracking success of management. CONCLUSION An algorithm and guideline for pediatric idiopathic constipation and soiling are presented for use by primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Felt
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48109-0406, USA.
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Ruf W, Shobe J, Rao SM, Dickinson CD, Olson A, Edgington TS. Importance of factor VIIa Gla-domain residue Arg-36 for recognition of the macromolecular substrate factor X Gla-domain. Biochemistry 1999; 38:1957-66. [PMID: 10026279 DOI: 10.1021/bi982254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular substrate docking with coagulation enzyme-cofactor complexes involves multiple contacts distant from the enzyme's catalytic cleft. Here we characterize the binding of the Gla-domain of macromolecular substrate coagulation factor X to the complex of tissue factor (TF) and VIIa. Site-directed mutagenesis of charged residue side chains in the VIIa Gla-domain identified Arg-36 as being important for macromolecular substrate docking. Ala substitution for Arg-36 resulted in an increased KM and a decreased rate of X activation. X with a truncated Gla-domain was activated by mutant and wild-type VIIa at indistinguishable rates, demonstrating that Arg-36 interactions require a properly folded Gla-domain of the macromolecular substrate. VIIa Arg-36 was also required for effective docking of the X Gla-domain in the absence of phospholipid, demonstrating that the Gla-domain of VIIa participates in protein-protein interactions with X. In the absence of TF, the mutant VIIa had essentially normal function, indicating that the cofactor positions VIIa's Gla-domain for optimal macromolecular substrate docking. Computational docking suggests multiple charge complementary contacts of the X Gla-domain with TF.VIIa. A prominent interaction is made by the functionally important X residue Gla-14 with the center of the extended docking site created by residues in the carboxyl module of TF and the contiguous VIIa Gla-domain. These data demonstrate the functional importance of interactions of the Gla-domains of enzyme and substrate, and begin to elucidate the molecular details of the ternary TF.VIIa.X complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruf
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitive causes underlying spelling difficulties in a case of developmental surface dysgraphia, AW. Our results do not support a number of possibilities that could be the cause of AW's poor orthographic lexicon, including difficulties in phonological processing, phonological short-term memory, configurational visual memory, and lexical semantic memory. We have found instead that AW performs poorly in tasks that involve detection of the order of adjacent letters in a word or the order of adjacent units in strings of consonants or symbols. Finally, he performs poorly in tasks that involve reconstructing the order of a series of complex visual characters (Japanese and Hindi characters) especially when these are presented sequentially. We advance the hypothesis that AW's poor spelling and good reading skills stem from an underlying pattern of cognitive abilities where a very good visual configurational memory is coupled with a poor ability to encode serial order. This may have resulted in a holistic word-based reading strategy, which, together with the original problem of encoding order, may have had detrimental effects for the acquisition of spelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Romani
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K.
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Hortsch M, Olson A, Fishman S, Soneral SN, Marikar Y, Dong R, Jacobs JR. The expression of MDP-1, a component of Drosophila embryonic basement membranes, is modulated by apoptotic cell death. Int J Dev Biol 1998; 42:33-42. [PMID: 9496784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel monoclonal antibody we have studied the expression of a large proteoglycan-type molecule in Drosophila embryos. This molecule is secreted exclusively by migratory, embryonic hemocytes/macrophages and was therefore named MDP-1 for Macrophage-Derived Proteoglycan-1. Expression of MDP-1 begins late during hemocyte differentiation, after these cells have left their birthplace in the head mesoderm. At this time, macrophages are engaged in extracellular matrix deposition and the phagocytosis of cell debris generated by apoptotic events in various parts of the embryo, in particular from the developing central nervous system. Embryos deficient for programmed cell death display a greatly reduced amount of MDP-1 deposition in tissues that normally undergo morphogenetic cell death. This suggests a regulatory role for apoptosis in the terminal differentiation of Drosophila hemocytes. MDP-1 is initially deposited around the developing central nervous system and is later found in basement membrane structures surrounding various other organs, such as the gut, Malpighian tubules and part of the tracheal system. The temporal and localized deposition of MDP-1 suggests that it may play a role in delineating the central nervous system structure during axonogenesis and may participate in the formation of a functional 'blood-brain barrier' in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hortsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0616, USA.
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