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Abumoussa A, Flores A, Cornea CM, Thapa D, Petty A, Gelinne A, Elton S, Quinsey C, Sasaki-Adams D, Solander S, Ho J, Yap E, Lee YZ. Synthetic interpolated DSA for radiation exposure reduction via gamma variate contrast flow modeling: a retrospective cohort study. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:25. [PMID: 38361025 PMCID: PMC10869670 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) yields high cumulative radiation dosages (RD) delivered to patients. We present a temporal interpolation of low frame rate angiograms as a method to reduce cumulative RDs. METHODS Patients undergoing interventional evaluation and treatment of cerebrovascular vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage were retrospectively identified. DSAs containing pre- and post-intervention runs capturing the full arterial, capillary, and venous phases with at least 16 frames each were selected. Frame rate reduction (FRR) of the original DSAs was performed to 50%, 66%, and 75% of the original frame rate. Missing frames were regenerated by sampling a gamma variate model (GVM) fit to the contrast response curves to the reduced data. A formal reader study was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the "synthetic" studies (sDSA) compared to the original DSA. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria (average RD 1,361.9 mGy). Seven were excluded for differing views, magnifications, or motion. GVMs fit to 50%, 66%, and 75% FRR studies demonstrated average voxel errors of 2.0 ± 2.5% (mean ± standard deviation), 6.5 ± 1.5%, and 27 ± 2%, respectively for anteroposterior projections, 2.0 ± 2.2%, 15.0 ± 3.1%, and 14.8 ± 13.0% for lateral projections, respectively. Reconstructions took 0.51 s/study. Reader studies demonstrated an average rating of 12.8 (95% CI 12.3-13.3) for 75% FRR, 12.7 (12.2-13.2) for 66% FRR and 12.0 (11.5-12.5) for 50% FRR using Subjective Image Grading Scale. Kendall's coefficient of concordance resulted in W = 0.506. CONCLUSION FRR by 75% combined with GVM reconstruction does not compromise diagnostic quality for the assessment of cerebral vasculature. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Using this novel algorithm, it is possible to reduce the frame rate of DSA by as much as 75%, with a proportional reduction in radiation exposure, without degrading imaging quality. KEY POINTS • DSA delivers some of the highest doses of radiation to patients. • Frame rate reduction (FRR) was combined with bolus tracking to interpolate intermediate frames. • This technique provided a 75% FRR with preservation of diagnostic utility as graded by a formal reader study for cerebral angiography performed for the evaluation of cerebral vasospasm. • This approach can be applied to other types of angiography studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Abumoussa
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
| | - Alex Flores
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christiana M Cornea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Diwash Thapa
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amy Petty
- Department of Dermatology - Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Aaron Gelinne
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Scott Elton
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Carolyn Quinsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Deanna Sasaki-Adams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sten Solander
- Department of Radiology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - James Ho
- Department of Neurology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Edward Yap
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Yueh Z Lee
- Department of Radiology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Petty A, Glass LJ, Rothmond DA, Purves-Tyson T, Sweeney A, Kondo Y, Kubo S, Matsumoto M, Weickert CS. Increased levels of a pro-inflammatory IgG receptor in the midbrain of people with schizophrenia. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:188. [PMID: 35841099 PMCID: PMC9287858 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that neuroinflammation may contribute to schizophrenia neuropathology. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are evident in the midbrain from schizophrenia subjects, findings that are driven by a subgroup of patients, characterised as a "high inflammation" biotype. Cytokines trigger the release of antibodies, of which immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common. The level and function of IgG is regulated by its transporter (FcGRT) and by pro-inflammatory IgG receptors (including FcGR3A) in balance with the anti-inflammatory IgG receptor FcGR2B. Testing whether abnormalities in IgG activity contribute to the neuroinflammatory abnormalities schizophrenia patients, particularly those with elevated cytokines, may help identify novel treatment targets. METHODS Post-mortem midbrain tissue from healthy controls and schizophrenia cases (n = 58 total) was used to determine the localisation and abundance of IgG and IgG transporters and receptors in the midbrain of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Protein levels of IgG and FcGRT were quantified using western blot, and gene transcript levels of FcGRT, FcGR3A and FcGR2B were assessed using qPCR. The distribution of IgG in the midbrain was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results were compared between diagnostic (schizophrenia vs control) and inflammatory (high vs low inflammation) groups. RESULTS We found that IgG and FcGRT protein abundance (relative to β-actin) was unchanged in people with schizophrenia compared with controls irrespective of inflammatory subtype. In contrast, FcGRT and FcGR3A mRNA levels were elevated in the midbrain from "high inflammation" schizophrenia cases (FcGRT; p = 0.02, FcGR3A; p < 0.0001) in comparison to low-inflammation patients and healthy controls, while FcGR2B mRNA levels were unchanged. IgG immunoreactivity was evident in the midbrain, and approximately 24% of all individuals (control subjects and schizophrenia cases) showed diffusion of IgG from blood vessels into the brain. However, the intensity and distribution of IgG was comparable across schizophrenia cases and control subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that an increase in the pro-inflammatory Fcγ receptor FcGR3A, rather than an overall increase in IgG levels, contribute to midbrain neuroinflammation in schizophrenia patients. However, more precise information about IgG-Fcγ receptor interactions is needed to determine their potential role in schizophrenia neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petty
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - L J Glass
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D A Rothmond
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - T Purves-Tyson
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - A Sweeney
- NSW Brain Tissue Resource Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Y Kondo
- Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - S Kubo
- Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - C Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Gopal P, Yard B, Petty A, Castrillon J, Patel J, Abazeed M. Genome-Scale and Systematic Variant Profiling Delineates the Radiogenomic Landscape of Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abazeed M, Bera T, Castrillon J, Petty A, Yard B, Gopal P. OC-0400 The mutational landscape of cancer’s sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yard B, Castrillon J, Petty A, Gopal P, Abazeed M. Mapping The Radiogenomic Atlas Of Cancer By Massively Parallel Reverse Genetic Profiling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yard B, Petty A, Castrillon J, Gopal P, Abazeed M. SP-0018: Genome-scale and systematic variant profiling delineates the radiogenomic landscape of cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yard B, Petty A, Abazeed M. Systematic Annotation of Genetic Variants that Determine Sensitivity to Radiation: A Pan-Cancer Encyclopedia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Eberhard D, Bennett J, Davison D, Hammond C, Petty A, Pluenneke J, Dei Rossi A, Alexander G, Paragas D, Lopatin M. 147P Clinical testing of ctDNA from NSCLC patients using A 17-gene liquid biopsy mutation panel. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(18)30421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rogacki K, Gopal P, Petty A, Peacock C, Abazeed M. Divison of Labor and Plasticity in a Phenotypically Diverse Intratumoral Ecosystem Promotes Therapeutic Resistance in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kelly KE, Whitaker J, Petty A, Widmer C, Dybwad A, Sleeth D, Martin R, Butterfield A. Ambient and laboratory evaluation of a low-cost particulate matter sensor. Environ Pollut 2017; 221:491-500. [PMID: 28012666 PMCID: PMC10625486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost, light-scattering-based particulate matter (PM) sensors are becoming more widely available and are being increasingly deployed in ambient and indoor environments because of their low cost and ability to provide high spatial and temporal resolution PM information. Researchers have begun to evaluate some of these sensors under laboratory and environmental conditions. In this study, a low-cost, particulate matter sensor (Plantower PMS 1003/3003) used by a community air-quality network is evaluated in a controlled wind-tunnel environment and in the ambient environment during several winter-time, cold-pool events that are associated with high ambient levels of PM. In the wind-tunnel, the PMS sensor performance is compared to two research-grade, light-scattering instruments, and in the ambient tests, the sensor performance is compared to two federal equivalent (one tapered element oscillating microbalance and one beta attenuation monitor) and gravimetric federal reference methods (FEMs/FRMs) as well as one research-grade instrument (GRIMM). The PMS sensor response correlates well with research-grade instruments in the wind-tunnel tests, and its response is linear over the concentration range tested (200-850 μg/m3). In the ambient tests, this PM sensor correlates better with gravimetric methods than previous studies with correlation coefficients of 0.88. However additional measurements under a variety of ambient conditions are needed. Although the PMS sensor correlated as well as the research-grade instrument to the FRM/FEMs in ambient conditions, its response varies with particle properties to a much greater degree than the research-grade instrument. In addition, the PMS sensors overestimate ambient PM concentrations and begin to exhibit a non-linear response when PM2.5 concentrations exceed 40 μg/m3. These results have important implications for communicating results from low-cost sensor networks, and they highlight the importance of using an appropriate correction factor for the target environmental conditions if the user wants to compare the results to FEM/FRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Kelly
- University of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3290 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - J Whitaker
- University of Utah, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2110 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A Petty
- University of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3290 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - C Widmer
- University of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3290 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - A Dybwad
- PurpleAir, 15183 Moab Way, Draper, UT, United States
| | - D Sleeth
- University of Utah, Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite C, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - R Martin
- Utah State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah Water Research Laboratory, 8200 Canyon Road, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - A Butterfield
- University of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3290 MEB, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Staveski S, Abrajano C, Casazza M, Bair E, Quan H, Dong E, Petty A, Felix K, Roth SJ. Silver-Impregnated Dressings for Sternotomy Incisions to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Children. Am J Crit Care 2016; 25:402-8. [PMID: 27587419 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2016843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of surgical site infections can be severe and range from short-term delays in discharge from the hospital to life-threatening infections such as mediastinitis. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of silver-impregnated dressings in decreasing surgical site infections in children after cardiac surgery. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial was used to compare silver-impregnated dressings (59 participants) with standard dressings (58 participants). The study team supervised all dressing changes after a sternotomy and ensured adherence with the hospital's bundle for reduction of surgical site infections. The ASEPSIS tool was used to evaluate sternal wounds for evidence of infection. RESULTS The 2 groups had comparable Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery scores, age, sex, weight, height, operating room characteristics, and number of chest tubes and/or pacemaker wires. No surgical site infections occurred in any study participant. Infections did occur, however, during the same period, in cardiac surgical patients who were not enrolled in the study. CONCLUSIONS The evidence did not support the superiority of silver-impregnated dressings for prevention of surgical site infections in children after cardiac surgery. Adherence to a bundle for prevention of surgical site infections may have decreased the incidence of such infections in the study population during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Staveski
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford.
| | - Claire Abrajano
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - May Casazza
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Ellen Bair
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Hanson Quan
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Emily Dong
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Amy Petty
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Katie Felix
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
| | - Stephen J Roth
- Sandra Staveski is an assistant professor, Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Claire Abrajano, May Casazza, and Ellen Bair are nurse practitioners and Hanson Quan, Emily Dong, Amy Petty, and Katie Felix are cardiovascular surgery physician assistants, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. Stephen J. Roth is a professor, Department of Pediatrics, and chief, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a pediatric cardiac intensivist and director, Children's Heart Center, at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford
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Zheng J, Perez White B, Kaplan N, Petty A, Zhao Z, Honda K, Denning M, Blumenberg M, Getsios S, Wang B. 075 Ephrin-A loss in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression and metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Miao H, Gale N, Guo H, Qian J, Petty A, Kaspar J, Murphy A, Valenzuela D, Yancopoulos G, Hambardzumyan D, Lathia J, Rich J, Lee J, Wang B. CS-21 * EphA2 PROMOTES INFILTRATIVE INVASION OF GLIOMA STEM CELLS IN VIVO THROUGH CROSSTALK WITH Akt AND REGULATES STEM PROPERTIES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou242.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miao H, Gale NW, Guo H, Qian J, Petty A, Kaspar J, Murphy AJ, Valenzuela DM, Yancopoulos G, Hambardzumyan D, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Lee J, Wang B. EphA2 promotes infiltrative invasion of glioma stem cells in vivo through cross-talk with Akt and regulates stem cell properties. Oncogene 2014; 34:558-67. [PMID: 24488013 PMCID: PMC4119862 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse infiltrative invasion is a major cause for the dismal prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Using human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that recapitulate the invasive propensity of primary GBM, we find that EphA2 critically regulates GBM invasion in vivo. EphA2 was expressed in all seven GSC lines examined, and overexpression of EphA2 enhanced intracranial invasion. The effects required Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EphA2 on serine 897. In vitro the Akt-EphA2 signaling axis is maintained in the absence of ephrin-A ligands and is disrupted upon ligand stimulation. To test whether ephrin-As in tumor microenvironment can regulate GSC invasion, the newly established Efna1;Efna3;Efna4 triple knockout mice (TKO) were used in an ex vivo brain slice invasion assay. We observed significantly increased GSC invasion through the brain slices of TKO mice relative to wild type littermates. Mechanistically EphA2 knockdown suppressed stem properties of GSCs, causing diminished self-renewal, reduced stem marker expression and decreased tumorigenicity. In a subset of GSCs, the reduced stem properties were associated with lower Sox2 expression. Overexpression of EphA2 promoted stem properties in a kinase-independent manner and increased Sox2 expression. In addition to suppressing invasion, disrupting Akt-EphA2 crosstalk attenuated stem marker expression and neurosphere formation while having minimal effects on tumorigenesis, suggesting that the Akt-EphA2 signaling axis contributes to the stem properties. Taken together, the results show that EphA2 endows invasiveness of GSCs in vivo in cooperation with Akt and contributes to the maintenance of stem properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miao
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N W Gale
- VelociGene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - H Guo
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Qian
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Petty
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Kaspar
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A J Murphy
- VelociGene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - D M Valenzuela
- VelociGene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - G Yancopoulos
- VelociGene Division, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - D Hambardzumyan
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J D Lathia
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J N Rich
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Lee
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B Wang
- 1] Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA [3] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
It is important to verify mitochondrial inheritance in plant species in which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) will be used as a source of molecular markers. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) approach to amplify mitochondrial introns from subunits 1, 4, 5, and 7 of NADH dehydrogenase (nad) and cytochrome oxidase subunit II (cox2) in Eucalyptus globulus. PCR fragments were then either sequenced or cut with restriction enzymes to reveal polymorphism. Sequencing cox2 showed that eucalypts lack the intron between exons 1 and 2. One polymorphism was found in intron 2-3 of nad7 following restriction digests with HphI. Fifty-four F1 progeny from seven families with parents distinguishable in their mitochondrial nad7 were screened to show that mitochondria were maternally inherited in E. globulus. These results constitute the first report of mitochondrial inheritance in the family Myrtaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Vaillancourt
- School of Plant Science and Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Daniels GL, Bruce LJ, Mawby WJ, Green CA, Petty A, Okubo Y, Kornstad L, Tanner MJ. The low-frequency MNS blood group antigens Ny(a) (MNS18) and Os(a) (MNS38) are associated with GPA amino acid substitutions. Transfusion 2000; 40:555-9. [PMID: 10827258 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40050555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigens of the MNS blood group system are located on two sialoglycoproteins, GPA and GPB, encoded by GYPA and GYPB. The molecular backgrounds of the low-frequency antigens Ny(a) and Os(a) are not known. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Immunoblotting and a monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of erythrocyte antigens (MAIEA) assay were used to analyze Os(a). PCR-amplified products of the coding exons of GYPA were studied by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and exon 3 was sequenced. Synthetic peptides were used in hemagglutination-inhibition tests. RESULTS Sequencing of GYPA exon 3 of two unrelated Ny(a+) persons revealed heterozygosity for a T194A base change encoding an Asp27Glu substitution. Immunoblotting with anti-Os(a) and an MAIEA assay with MoAbs to GPA showed that Os(a) is on GPA. Sequencing exon 3 of an Os(a+) person from the only family with Os(a) revealed heterozygosity for a C273T base change encoding a Pro54Ser substitution. A synthetic peptide representing part of GPA with the Os(a) mutation (VRTVYPSEEETGE) completely inhibited anti-Os(a), whereas the control peptide (VRTVYPPEEETGE) did not inhibit anti-Os(a). CONCLUSION Ny(a) and Os(a) are low-frequency antigens of the MNS blood group system that represent Asp27Glu and Pro54Ser substitutions in GPA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Daniels
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- G Daniels
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, UK
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18
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Abstract
We have identified the Xga antigen, encoded by the XG blood group gene, by employing rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against a peptide derived from the N-terminal domain of a candidate gene, referred to earlier as PBDX. In indirect haemagglutination assays, these anti-peptide antibodies react with Xg(a+) but not Xg(a-) erythrocytes. In antibody-specific immobilization of antigen (ASIA) and immunoblot assays, the anti-peptide antibodies react with the same molecule as does human anti-Xga. Therefore, by its identity with PBDX, Xga is identified as a cell-surface protein that is 48% homologous to CD99 (previously designated the 12E7 antigen), the product of MIC2 which is tightly linked to XG. PBDX is renamed here XG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ellis
- New York Blood Center, New York 10021
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Wulf H, Petty A, Baumgärtel M. Ketanserin vs. urapidil. Influence on haemodynamics, stress response and kidney function during cabg-operations. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1053-0770(94)90520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bedwinek J, Petty A, Bruton C, Sofield J, Lee L. The use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy to palliate symptomatic endobronchial recurrence of previously irradiated bronchogenic carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 22:23-30. [PMID: 1727125 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90978-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight patients were treated with high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy to palliate symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, fever, and/or shortness of breath) caused by endobronchial of previously irradiated (greater than or equal to 5000 cGy) bronchogenic carcinoma. The dose per fraction was 600 cGy at a radius of 1 cm from the center of the linear path of the source, and each patient received three fraction, each fraction separated by a 1-week interval. Twenty-nine patients (76%) had symptomatic improvement, 16 with complete and 13 with partial relief of symptoms. The likelihood of symptom relief was greater in those patients who had extra-bronchial tumor measuring less than 5 cm (15/15) compared to those with extra-bronchial tumor measuring greater than or equal to 5 cm (2/8). The median duration of symptom relief was 7.5 months. Repeat bronchoscopy done 3 months after brachytherapy revealed that 41% (11/27) had complete tumor regression and another 41% (11/27) had partial regression. Nine of 14 patients with post-obstructive atelectasis/pneumonitis had radiographic improvement. Twelve patients (32%) died from massive hemoptysis occurring 2-56 weeks (median 10 weeks) after brachytherapy. Location of the recurrence was the most important predictor of pulmonary hemorrhage. It occurred only in patients with recurrence in the right upper lobe, right mainstem, or left upper lobe bronchus. Whether this high rate of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage was a real phenomenon or a statistical fluke of small numbers remains an unanswered question.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bedwinek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. John's Mercy Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63141
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21
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Ruda EM, Petty A, Scrutton MC, Tuffin DP, Manley PW. Identification of small peptide analogues having agonist and antagonist activity at the platelet thrombin receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:2417-26. [PMID: 2839193 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two tripeptide analogues (N-[3-methyl-1-S[[2-S [(methyl-amino)carbonyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl] carbonyl]butyl-D-analine) (SC40476) and N-[3-methyl-S-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)butyl]-D-alanine, ethyl ester, hydrochloride (SC42619], inhibit aggregation of, and secretion from, human platelets induced by thrombin but cause no significant inhibition of esterolysis or fibrin formation catalysed by this enzyme. Inhibition by SC40476 of the aggregatory response induced by thrombin is incomplete. Neither peptide analogue inhibits aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, vasopressin or 11,9-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 (U-46619). Enhancement of the response is observed when nonsaturating concentrations of these agonists are employed. SC42619 causes a parallel shift to the right in the concentration-response curve describing aggregation induced by thrombin. The Schild plot of these data has a slope of 1.05 and the pA2 is 2.9 +/- 0.1. Both SC40476 and SC42619 induced a small but significant decrease in the single platelet content of platelet suspensions. Neither peptide analogue increases platelet cytosolic [Ca2+] measured using quin 2 or Fura 2. Both analogues cause inhibition of the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by thrombin. Inhibition by SC42619 is competitive with respect to thrombin when the extracellular [Ca2+] is reduced to less than 0.1 microM but is non-competitive in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. SC42619 also inhibits the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+]induced by ADP in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ but not the smaller increase caused by this agonist when the medium contains less than 0.1 microM Ca2+. SC42619 inhibits Mn2+ influx induced by thrombin and ADP. SC40476 and SC42619 inhibit the enhanced incorporation of [32P] into phosphatidic acid observed on stimulation by thrombin of platelets pre-labelled with [32P]-phosphate. Addition of the peptide analogues alone fails to increase significantly the 32P content of phosphatidate, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine. SC40476 causes no detectable hydrolysis of glycoprotein V as detected by release of the proteolytic product (glycoprotein VFR). The results indicate that SC40476 and SC42619 interact selectively with the platelet thrombin receptor. Both peptide analogues act as effective antagonists for this receptor but also possess weak agonist activity which may also result from interaction with the thrombin receptor. The molecular basis for this latter activity has not been defined. SC42619 non-selectively inhibits Ca2+ influx induced by several agonists but this effect does not appear to contribute to the observed inhibition of the aggregatory and secretory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ruda
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College, London, U.K
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