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Ćorić MK, Graovac M, Pravdić N, Raguž AB, Kaštelan A. Predictive factors of disordered eating among adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:258. [PMID: 37727435 PMCID: PMC10506781 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1560_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to excessive concerns and focus on weight control and body shape, adolescents often resort to inappropriate behaviours and attitudes towards eating, resulting in physical and psychological issues. This study aimed to assess possible relationships and predictor variables between disordered eating and age, BMI, body appreciation, self-esteem, quality of family interactions, psychosocial health and childhood trauma experience in adolescents of both sexes in the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a suitable sample of 724 high-school students aged 14-19 years. The following tools have been used: socio-demographic questionnaire, The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Quality of Family Interaction Scale (KOBI), and Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 (PedsQLTM) and Childhood trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20.0 software using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Body appreciation is the most significant predictor for developing disordered eating across the entire sample of adolescents (β = -0.325, P < 0.05) and individually for male adolescents (β = -0.199, P = 0.010) and female adolescents (β = -0.379, P < 0.001). In addition to this variable, BMI has proved to be a statistically significant predictor in explaining the eating behaviours of female adolescents (β = 0.185, P < 0.001), while this happens to be self-esteem for male adolescents (β = -0.211, P < 0.022). CONCLUSION The most significant risk factors for developing disordered eating in adolescents are body appreciation, BMI and self-esteem. Results of this research can contribute to enhancement of intervention programmes which promote a positive body image and aim to prevent disordered eating in adolescents of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Krešić Ćorić
- Psychiatry Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirjana Graovac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pravdić
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Boban Raguž
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Kaštelan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Hamilton EM, Polder E, Vanderver A, Naidu S, Schiffmann R, Fisher K, Raguž AB, Blumkin L, van Berkel CGM, Waisfisz Q, Simons C, Taft RJ, Abbink TEM, Wolf NI, van der Knaap MS. Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum: further delineation of the phenotype and genotype-phenotype correlation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1921-30. [PMID: 24785942 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum is a rare leukoencephalopathy that was identified using magnetic resonance imaging in 2002. In 2013, whole exome sequencing of 11 patients with the disease revealed that they all had the same de novo mutation in TUBB4A, which encodes tubulin β-4A. We investigated the mutation spectrum in a cohort of 42 patients and the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Patients were selected on the basis of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities that are indicative of hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Genetic testing and a clinical inventory were performed, and sequential magnetic resonance images were evaluated using a standard protocol. The heterozygous TUBB4A mutation observed in the first 11 patients was the most common (25 patients). Additionally, 13 other heterozygous mutations were identified, located in different structural domains of tubulin β-4A. We confirmed that the mutations were de novo in all but three patients. In two of these three cases we lacked parental DNA and in one the mutation was also found in the mother, most likely due to mosaicism. Patients showed a phenotypic continuum ranging from neonatal to childhood disease onset, normal to delayed early development and slow to more rapid neurological deterioration. Neurological symptomatology consisted of extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, spasticity, ataxia, cognitive deficit and sometimes epilepsy. Three patients died and the oldest living patient was 29 years of age. The patients' magnetic resonance images showed an absent or disappearing putamen, variable cerebellar atrophy and highly variable cerebral atrophy. Apart from hypomyelination, myelin loss was evident in several cases. Three severely affected patients had similar, somewhat atypical magnetic resonance image abnormalities. The study results were strongly suggestive of a genotype-phenotype correlation. The 25 patients with the common c.745G>A mutation generally had a less rapidly progressive disease course than the 17 cases with other TUBB4A mutations. Overall, this work demonstrates that the distinctive magnetic resonance imaging pattern for hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum defines a homogeneous clinical phenotype of variable severity. Patients almost invariably have prominent extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, which are rarely seen in patients with hypomyelination of different origin. A dominant TUBB4A mutation is also associated with dystonia type 4, in which magnetic resonance images of the brain seem normal. It is highly likely that there is a disease continuum associated with TUBB4A mutations, of which hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum and dystonia type 4 are the extremes. This would indicate that extrapyramidal movement abnormalities constitute the core feature of the disease spectrum related to dominant TUBB4A mutations and that all other features are variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M Hamilton
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Polder
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- 2 Centre for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Centre, 111 Michigan Avenue, DC 20010 Washington, USA
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- 3 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hugo Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707, N. Broadway, Baltimore, USA
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- 4 Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, 3812 Elm Street, TX 75226 Dallas, USA
| | - Kate Fisher
- 5 Department of Paediatrics, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing Hospital, Lyndhurst Road, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 2DH, UK
| | - Ana Boban Raguž
- 6 Department of Child Neurology, Clinical Hospital Mostar, Bijeli Brijeg, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luba Blumkin
- 7 Paediatric Neurology Unit, Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, The E. Wolfson Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Carola G M van Berkel
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- 8 Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cas Simons
- 9 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan J Taft
- 9 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- 1 Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands10 Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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