1
|
Borges MC, Clayton GL, Freathy RM, Felix JF, Fernández-Sanlés A, Soares AG, Kilpi F, Yang Q, McEachan RRC, Richmond RC, Liu X, Skotte L, Irizar A, Hattersley AT, Bodinier B, Scholtens DM, Nohr EA, Bond TA, Hayes MG, West J, Tyrrell J, Wright J, Bouchard L, Murcia M, Bustamante M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Jarvelin MR, Vrijheid M, Perron P, Magnus P, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe WL, Feenstra B, Hivert MF, Sørensen TIA, Håberg SE, Serbert S, Magnus M, Lawlor DA. Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. BMC Med 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38281920 PMCID: PMC10823651 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. METHODS We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.e. multivariable regression, Mendelian randomisation, and paternal negative control analyses), including data from over 400,000 women. RESULTS All three analytical approaches supported associations of higher maternal BMI with lower odds of maternal anaemia, delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby and initiating breastfeeding, but higher odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, pre-labour membrane rupture, induction of labour, caesarean section, large-for-gestational age, high birthweight, low Apgar score at 1 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. For example, higher maternal BMI was associated with higher risk of gestational hypertension in multivariable regression (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.63, 1.70 per standard unit in BMI) and Mendelian randomisation (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83), which was not seen for paternal BMI (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04). Findings did not support a relation between maternal BMI and perinatal depression. For other outcomes, evidence was inconclusive due to inconsistencies across the applied approaches or substantial imprecision in effect estimates from Mendelian randomisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a causal role for maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI on 14 out of 20 adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Pre-conception interventions to support women maintaining a healthy BMI may reduce the burden of obstetric and neonatal complications. FUNDING Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Health Research, Research Council of Norway, Wellcome Trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Gemma L Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tom A Bond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrice Perron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain Serbert
- Center For Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Urquijo H, Soares AG, Fraser A, Howe LD, Carter AR. Investigating effect modification between childhood maltreatment and genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285258. [PMID: 37141292 PMCID: PMC10159177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Childhood maltreatment is associated with CVD and may modify genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors. We used genetic and phenotypic data from 100,833 White British UK Biobank participants (57% female; mean age = 55.9 years). We regressed nine cardiovascular risk factors/diseases (alcohol consumption, body mass index [BMI], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lifetime smoking behaviour, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke) on their respective polygenic scores (PGS) and self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment. Effect modification was tested on the additive and multiplicative scales by including a product term (PGS*maltreatment) in regression models. On the additive scale, childhood maltreatment accentuated the effect of genetic susceptibility to higher BMI (Peffect modification: 0.003). Individuals not exposed to childhood maltreatment had an increase in BMI of 0.12 SD (95% CI: 0.11, 0.13) per SD increase in BMI PGS, compared to 0.17 SD (95% CI: 0.14, 0.19) in those exposed to all types of childhood maltreatment. On the multiplicative scale, similar results were obtained for BMI though these did not withstand to Bonferroni correction. There was little evidence of effect modification by childhood maltreatment in relation to other outcomes, or of sex-specific effect modification. Our study suggests the effects of genetic susceptibility to a higher BMI may be moderately accentuated in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. However, gene*environment interactions are likely not a major contributor to the excess CVD burden experienced by childhood maltreatment victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Urquijo
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura D. Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alice R. Carter
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tavella RA, Galeao da Rosa Moraes N, Maciel Aick CD, Ramires PF, Pereira N, Soares AG, da Silva Júnior FMR. Weekend effect of air pollutants in small and medium-sized cities: The role of policies stringency to COVID-19 containment. Atmos Pollut Res 2023; 14:101662. [PMID: 36686558 PMCID: PMC9842451 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the pattern of air pollutants has been extensively studied during the COVID-19 pandemic, the weekend effect has been rarely investigated. In order to understand the impact of policies stringency as well as the interruption-recovery pattern, the aim of the study was to investigate the levels of air pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10) and PM2.5/PM10 ratio before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in four cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, evaluating the weekend effect at these two scenarios and also identifying how the restriction measures applied locally had an impact on this effect. For this, daily data from two years of monitoring of air pollutants were collected and the weekend effect was calculated based on the levels from Monday to Friday (weekday) and Saturday and Sunday (weekend). There was a positive weekend effect for almost all criteria air pollutants in the four cities, and an intrinsic relation between the weekend effect and the restriction measures adopted. A negative weekend effect was observed in the scenario characterized by less restrictive and more permissive policies for daily and occupational activities. Conversely, when more stringent measures were implemented, this trend was reversed and higher intensities of positive weekend effect were observed as restrictions increased. In conclusion, the COVID-19 perturbation to air quality changed as regions tighten and loosen restrictions on human mobility. These insights that can guide responsible authorities about future strategies and policies for air quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Adler Tavella
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, 96200-400, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, CEP, 96203-900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Niely Galeao da Rosa Moraes
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, CEP, 96203-900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Daniel Maciel Aick
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Praça Domingos Rodrigues, Centro, 96010-450, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Florencio Ramires
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, 96200-400, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, CEP, 96203-900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, 96200-400, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, CEP, 96203-900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, 96200-400, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, CEP, 96203-900, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Q, Magnus MC, Kilpi F, Santorelli G, Soares AG, West J, Magnus P, Wright J, Håberg SE, Sanderson E, Lawlor DA, Tilling K, Borges MC. Investigating causal relations between sleep duration and risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses. BMC Med 2022; 20:295. [PMID: 36089592 PMCID: PMC9465870 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported maternal short/long sleep duration to be associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether there are nonlinear causal effects. Our aim was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable regression to examine nonlinear effects of sleep duration on stillbirth (MR only), miscarriage (MR only), gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, perinatal depression, preterm birth and low/high offspring birthweight. METHODS We used data from European women in UK Biobank (N=176,897), FinnGen (N=~123,579), Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N=6826), Born in Bradford (N=2940) and Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa, N=14,584). We used 78 previously identified genetic variants as instruments for sleep duration and investigated its effects using two-sample, and one-sample nonlinear (UK Biobank only), MR. We compared MR findings with multivariable regression in MoBa (N=76,669), where maternal sleep duration was measured at 30 weeks. RESULTS In UK Biobank, MR provided evidence of nonlinear effects of sleep duration on stillbirth, perinatal depression and low offspring birthweight. Shorter and longer duration increased stillbirth and low offspring birthweight; shorter duration increased perinatal depression. For example, longer sleep duration was related to lower risk of low offspring birthweight (odds ratio 0.79 per 1 h/day (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 0.93)) in the shortest duration group and higher risk (odds ratio 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.84)) in the longest duration group, suggesting shorter and longer duration increased the risk. These were supported by the lack of evidence of a linear effect of sleep duration on any outcome using two-sample MR. In multivariable regression, risks of all outcomes were higher in the women reporting <5 and ≥10 h/day sleep compared with the reference category of 8-9 h/day, despite some wide confidence intervals. Nonlinear models fitted the data better than linear models for most outcomes (likelihood ratio P-value=0.02 to 3.2×10-52), except for gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show shorter and longer sleep duration potentially causing higher risks of stillbirth, perinatal depression and low offspring birthweight. Larger studies with more cases are needed to detect potential nonlinear effects on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth and high offspring birthweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Maria C Magnus
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Siri Eldevik Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clayton GL, Soares AG, Kilpi F, Fraser A, Welsh P, Sattar N, Nelson SM, Tilling K, Lawlor DA. Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors. BMC Med 2022; 20:299. [PMID: 35974322 PMCID: PMC9382827 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women experience adverse changes in cardiovascular health in mid-life; whether the menopausal transition influences these remains strongly debated. The aim of this study was to examine associations of reproductive age (time since final menstrual period (FMP)) with change in carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cardiovascular risk factors and determine the role of chronological and reproductive age. METHODS We used data from 1702 women from a pregnancy-based UK cohort who had up to four repeat cardiovascular health measures between mean age 51 (SD = 4.0) and 56 (SD = 3.6) years and experienced a natural menopause. Multilevel models were used to assess the relationship between cardiovascular measures and time since FMP (reproductive age), whilst adjusting for the underlying effects of chronological age and confounders (socioeconomic factors, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, parity, age at menarche). In addition, we looked at the relationship between cardiovascular measures by chronological age according to menopausal stages (pre-menopause, peri-menopause and post-menopause) using information from women who had and had not experienced menopause (N = 3892). RESULTS There was no strong evidence that reproductive age was associated with CIMT (difference in mean 0.8 μm/year, 95% CI - 0.4, 2.1), whereas there was a strong positive association of chronological age (7.6 μm/year, 95% CI 6.3, 8.9). Consistent with this, we found weaker linear associations of reproductive compared with chronological age for atherosclerotic risk factors, such as with systolic blood pressure (- 0.1 mmHg/year, 95% CI - 0.3, 0.1, and 0.4 mmHg/year, 95% CI 0.2, 0.5, respectively) and non-HDL-cholesterol (0.02 mmol/l/year, 95% CI 0.005, 0.03, and 0.06, 95% CI 0.04, 0.07, respectively). In contrast, associations with fat mass (0.06 kg/m2/year, 95% CI 0.03, 0.10, and 0 kg/m2/year, 95% CI - 0.04, 0.04, respectively) and C-reactive protein (0.01, 95% CI 0.001, 0.02, and 0.01, 95% CI - 0.001, 0.02 natural logged mg/l/year, respectively) were stronger for reproductive compared with chronological age. Both reproductive and chronological age were (weakly) positively associated with glucose (0.002, 95% CI 0.0001, 0.003, and 0.002, 95% CI 0.0001, 0.003 natural logged mmol/l/year, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that going through the menopausal transition does not further increase women's risk of atherosclerosis (measured by CIMT) beyond effects of ageing. Menopausal transition may, in additional to ageing, modestly increase adiposity and glucose levels and therefore a possible associated diabetes risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomes AP, Gonçalves H, Dos Santos Vaz J, Kieling C, Rohde LA, Oliveira IO, Gonçalves Soares A. Do inflammation and adiposity mediate the association of diet quality with depression and anxiety in young adults? Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2800-2808. [PMID: 33933746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Diet quality has been inversely associated with depression, but less is known about its association with anxiety and about the mechanisms involved in the association between diet and mental health. This study aimed to assess the associations of diet quality with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in young adults, and to explore whether inflammation, indexed by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) mediate this association. METHODS We used data of 3331 participants from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil). Data on dietary intake and inflammatory markers were assessed at 18 years, and information on mental disorders was obtained at both 18 and 22 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, and diet quality was estimated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index - Revised (BHEI-R). The occurrence of MDD and GAD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), conducted by psychologists. The associations of diet quality, BMI and inflammatory markers with mental disorders were explored using logistic regression. The mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modelling. RESULTS A one standard deviation increase in the diet quality score at age 18 years was associated with both lower levels of CRP (-0.06 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.10; -0.008) at 18 years and 23% lower odds of MDD at 22 years (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.97). No association was found between diet quality score and both BMI and GAD. Obesity was associated with higher odds of MDD, but CRP and IL-6 were not associated with MDD or GAD. Our results provide no evidence that inflammatory markers and BMI mediate the association between diet quality and MDD in young adults. CONCLUSIONS A better diet quality is associated with lower occurrence of MDD among young adults, but we did not find evidence that inflammatory markers and BMI mediate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gomes
- Pelotas Municipal Health Secretary, Brazil; Faculty of Gastronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Vaz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nascimento TL, Conte TC, Rissato TS, Luna MS, Soares AG, Moriscot AS, Yamanouye N, Miyabara EH. Radicicol enhances the regeneration of skeletal muscle injured by crotoxin via decrease of NF-kB activation. Toxicon 2019; 167:6-9. [PMID: 31173791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated cellular and molecular effects of radicicol, a heat shock protein (HSP) inducer, on the regeneration of skeletal muscle injured by crotoxin, the main toxin isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Regenerating muscles treated with radicicol had decreased NF-kB activation. Differentiating myoblasts treated with radicicol showed reduced number of NF-kB positive nuclei and increased fusion index. The results suggest that radicicol enhances regeneration of muscle by attenuating NF-kB activation and increasing myogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Nascimento
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T C Conte
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T S Rissato
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Luna
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A G Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Moriscot
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Yamanouye
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo. Av. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodrigues L, Ekundi-Valentim E, Florenzano J, Cerqueira ARA, Soares AG, Schmidt TP, Santos KT, Teixeira SA, Ribela MTCP, Rodrigues SF, de Carvalho MH, De Nucci G, Wood M, Whiteman M, Muscará MN, Costa SKP. Protective effects of exogenous and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in mast cell-mediated pruritus and cutaneous acute inflammation in mice. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:255-266. [PMID: 27840098 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recently described 'gasomediator' hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been involved in pain mechanisms, but its effect on pruritus, a sensory modality that similarly to pain acts as a protective mechanism, is poorly known and controversial. The effects of the slow-releasing (GYY4137) and spontaneous H2S donors (Na2S and Lawesson's reagent, LR) were evaluated in histamine and compound 48/80 (C48/80)-dependent dorsal skin pruritus and inflammation in male BALB/c mice. Animals were intradermally (i.d.) injected with C48/80 (3μg/site) or histamine (1μmol/site) alone or co-injected with Na2S, LR or GYY4137 (within the 0.3-100nmol range). The involvement of endogenous H2S and KATP channel-dependent mechanism were also evaluated. Pruritus was assessed by the number of scratching bouts, whilst skin inflammation was evaluated by the extravascular accumulation of intravenously injected 125I-albumin (plasma extravasation) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (neutrophil recruitment). Histamine or C48/80 significantly evoked itching behavior paralleled by plasma extravasation and increased MPO activity. Na2S and LR significantly ameliorated histamine or C48/80-induced pruritus and inflammation, although these effects were less pronounced or absent with GYY4137. Inhibition of endogenous H2S synthesis increased both Tyrode and C48/80-induced responses in the skin, whereas the blockade of KATP channels by glibenclamide did not. H2S-releasing donors significantly attenuate C48/80-induced mast cell degranulation either in vivo or in vitro. We provide first evidences that H2S donors confer protective effect against histamine-mediated acute pruritus and cutaneous inflammation. These effects can be mediated, at least in part, by stabilizing mast cells, known to contain multiple mediators and to be primary initiators of allergic processes, thus making of H2S donors a potential alternative/complementary therapy for treating inflammatory allergic skin diseases and related pruritus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Ekundi-Valentim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Florenzano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R A Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A G Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T P Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K T Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T C P Ribela
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear and Energetic Research (IPEN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M N Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coavoy-Sánchez SA, Rodrigues L, Teixeira SA, Soares AG, Torregrossa R, Wood ME, Whiteman M, Costa SKP, Muscará MN. Hydrogen sulfide donors alleviate itch secondary to the activation of type-2 protease activated receptors (PAR-2) in mice. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:686-694. [PMID: 27720932 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been highlighted as an endogenous signaling molecule and we have previously found that it can inhibit histamine-mediated itching. Pruritus is the most common symptom of cutaneous diseases and anti-histamines are the usual treatment; however, anti-histamine-resistant pruritus is common in some clinical settings. In this way, the involvement of mediators other than histamine in the context of pruritus requires new therapeutic targets. Considering that the activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is involved in pruritus both in rodents and humans, in this study we investigated the effect of H2S donors on the acute scratching behavior mediated by PAR-2 activation in mice, as well as some of the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved. The intradermal injection of the PAR-2 peptide agonist SLIGRL-NH2 (8-80nmol) caused a dose-dependent scratching that was unaffected by intraperitoneal pre-treatment with the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine (30mg/kg). Co-injection of SLIGRL-NH2 (40nmol) with either the slow-release H2S donor GYY4137 (1 and 3nmol) or the spontaneous donor NaHS (1 and 0.3nmol) significantly reduced pruritus. Co-treatment with the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (200nmol) or the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (10nmol) abolished the antipruritic effects of NaHS; however, the specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (30μg) had no significant effects. The transient receptor potential ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) antagonist HC-030031 (20μg) significantly reduced SLIGRL-NH2-induced pruritus; however pruritus induced by the TRPA1 agonist AITC (1000nmol) was unaffected by NaHS. Based on these data, we conclude that pruritus secondary to PAR-2 activation can be reduced by H2S, which acts through KATP channel opening and involves NO in a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-independent manner. Furthermore, TRPA1 receptors mediate the pruritus induced by activation of PAR-2, but H2S does not interfere with this pathway. These results provide additional support for the development of new therapeutical alternatives, mainly intended for treatment of pruritus in patients unresponsive to anti-histamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Coavoy-Sánchez
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - L Rodrigues
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - S A Teixeira
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - A G Soares
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - R Torregrossa
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M E Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - M Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S K P Costa
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - M N Muscará
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
A significant number of experimental and clinical studies published in peer-reviewed journals have demonstrated promising pharmacological properties of capsaicin in relieving signs and symptoms of non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases). This chapter provides an overview made from basic and clinical research studies of the potential therapeutic effects of capsaicin, loaded in different application forms, such as solution and cream, on chronic diseases (e.g. arthritis, chronic pain, functional gastrointestinal disorders and cancer). In addition to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of capsaicin largely recognized via, mainly, interaction with the TRPV1, the effects of capsaicin on different cell signalling pathways will be further discussed here. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory or apoptotic effects of capsaicin show promising results in arthritis, neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal disorders or cancer, since evidence demonstrates that the oral or local application of capsaicin reduce inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis, promotes gastric protection against ulcer and induces apoptosis of the tumour cells. Sadly, these results have been paralleled by conflicting studies, which indicate that high concentrations of capsaicin are likely to evoke deleterious effects, thus suggesting that capsaicin activates different pathways at different concentrations in both human and rodent tissues. Thus, to establish effective capsaicin doses for chronic conditions, which can be benefited from capsaicin therapeutic effects, is a real challenge that must be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís-MA, Brazil.,Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A R A Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A G Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Cyclosporin-A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that acts as an inhibitor of calcineurin, a calcium phosphatase that has been suggested to play a role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of CsA administration (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) on skeletal muscle mass and phenotype during disuse and recovery. Male Wistar rats received vehicle (N = 8) or CsA (N = 8) during hind limb immobilization (N = 8) and recovery (N = 8). Muscle weight (dry/wet) and cross-sectional area were evaluated to verify the effect of CsA treatment on muscle mass. Muscle phenotype was assessed by histochemistry of myosin ATPase. CsA administration during immobilization and recovery did not change muscle/body weight ratio in the soleus (SOL) or plantaris (PL). Regarding muscle phenotype, we observed a consistent slow-to-fast shift in all experimental groups (immobilized only, receiving CsA only, and immobilized receiving CsA) as compared to control in both SOL and PL (P < 0.05). During recovery, no difference was observed in SOL or PL fiber type composition between the experimental recovered group and recovered group receiving CsA compared to their respective controls. Considering the muscle/body weight ratio, CsA administration does not maximize muscle mass loss induced by immobilization. Our results also indicate that CsA fails to block skeletal muscle regrowth after disuse. The present data suggest that calcineurin inhibition by CsA modulates muscle phenotype rather than muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Aoki
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Albuquerque KT, Ramalho RA, Soares AG, Tavares-do-Carmo MG. Effects of ethanol intake on retinol concentration in the milk of lactating rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998; 31:929-32. [PMID: 9698756 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1998000700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the consumption of ethanol (5%) on retinol concentration in milk was studied in the rat on day 12 after delivery, together with the evolution of dam body weight and pup growth rate. Female Wistar rats receiving alcohol (5%) in drinking water during lactation (N = 7) were compared to normal controls fed ad libitum (N = 6). The mean maternal alcohol intake was 3.96 +/- 0.23 g/kg body weight per day. To determine retinol levels in milk we used the Bessey and Lowry method, modified by Araújo and Flores ((1978) Clinical Chemistry, 24:386-392). The pups were separated from dams for a 2-4-h period, after which the dams were injected intraperitoneally with anesthetic and oxytocin. The concentration of retinol in milk was 162.88 +/- 10.60 micrograms/dl in the control group and 60.02 +/- 8.22 micrograms/dl in the ethanol group (P < 0.05). The ethanol group consumed less food than the controls and lost a significant amount of weight during lactation. On days 8, 10 and 12, the body weight of the pups from rats given ethanol (13.46 +/- 0.43, 16.12 +/- 0.48 and 18.60 +/- 0.91 g, respectively) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the weight of pups from controls (15.2 +/- 0.44, 18.36 +/- 0.54, 20.77 +/- 0.81 g). These data show that ethanol intake during the suckling period, even at low concentrations, decreases the amount of retinol in milk and, therefore, the amount available to the pups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T Albuquerque
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|