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Pimentel JL, Vander Wyst KB, Soltero EG, Peña A, Hu HH, Bailey S, Pokorney A, Ayers S, Valencia AM, Olson ML, Shaibi GQ. Organ fat in Latino youth at risk for type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:286-290. [PMID: 35001468 PMCID: PMC8983449 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity in youth increases the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and elevated abdominal adipose tissue and organ fat may be particularly deleterious. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among measures of adiposity including total, visceral, and organ fat (hepatic and pancreatic) and whether these measures were independently associated with glycemia in Latino youth at risk for diabetes. METHODS Latino adolescents (47 boys and 32 girls, 13.7 ± 1.4 years) with obesity (BMIz 2.3 ± 0.3) were assessed for total fat by DXA and visceral and organ fat by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Glycemic indicators included HbA1c, fasting glucose (FG), and 2-h glucose (2-HrG) following an oral glucose tolerance test. Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression analyses controlling for age and sex were used to examine independent associations between adiposity and glycemia. RESULTS Total fat was associated with visceral (r = 0.66, p = 0.001) and hepatic fat (r = 0.34, p < 0.01) while visceral fat was associated with hepatic (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and pancreatic fat (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). In stepwise linear regression analysis, hepatic and pancreatic fat were significant predictors of FG, explaining 4.7% and 5.2% of the variance, respectively (total R2 = 0.14, p = 0.02). Hepatic fat was the only significant predictor of 2-HrG explaining 9.9% of the variance in the model (total R2 = 0.12, p = 0.03). No measure of adiposity was retained as a significant predictor of HbA1c. CONCLUSION Hepatic and pancreatic fat were the only adiposity measures independently associated with glycemia but the small amount of variance explained underscores the need for additional T2D biomarkers in high risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiel L. Pimentel
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kiley B. Vander Wyst
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Master of Public Health Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Erica G. Soltero
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Hyperfine, Inc., Guilford, CT
| | - Smita Bailey
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Amber Pokorney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ana Martinez Valencia
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Micah L. Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
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Vander Wyst KB, Olson ML, Bailey SS, Valencia AM, Peña A, Miller J, Shub M, Seabrooke L, Pimentel J, Olsen K, Rosenberg RB, Shaibi GQ. Communicating incidental and reportable findings from research MRIs: considering factors beyond the findings in an underrepresented pediatric population. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:275. [PMID: 34865631 PMCID: PMC8647358 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of advanced imaging in pediatric research trials introduces the challenge of how to effectively handle and communicate incidental and reportable findings. This challenge is amplified in underserved populations that experience disparities in access to healthcare as recommendations for follow-up care may be difficult to coordinate. Therefore, the purpose of the present report is to describe the process for identifying and communicating findings from a research MRI to low-income Latino children and families. METHODS Latino adolescents (n = 86) aged 12-16 years old with obesity and prediabetes underwent a research MRI (3 Tesla Philips Ingenia®) as part of a randomized controlled diabetes prevention trial. The research MRIs were performed at baseline and 6 months to assess changes in whole-abdominal fat distribution and organ fat in response to the intervention. An institutional pathway was developed for identifying and reporting findings to participants and families. The pathway was developed through a collaborative process with hospital administration, research compliance, radiology, and the research team. All research images were reviewed by a board-certified pediatric radiologist who conveyed findings to the study pediatrician for determination of clinical actionability and reportability to children and families. Pediatric sub-specialists were consulted as necessary and a primary care practitioner (PCP) from a free community health clinic agreed to receive referrals for uninsured participants. RESULTS A total of 139 images (86 pre- and 53 post-intervention) were reviewed with 31 findings identified and 23 deemed clinically actionable and reportable. The only reportable finding was severely elevated liver fat (> 10%, n = 14) with the most common and concerning incidental findings being horseshoe kidney (n = 1) and lung lesion (n = 1). The remainder (n = 7) were less serious. Of youth with a reportable or incidental finding, 18 had a PCP but only 7 scheduled a follow-up appointment. Seven participants without a PCP were referred to a safety-net clinic for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS With the increased utilization of high-resolution imaging in pediatric research, additional standardization is needed on what, when, and how to return incidental and reportable findings to participants, particularly among historically underrepresented populations that may be underserved in the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION Preventing Diabetes in Latino Youth, NCT02615353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley B Vander Wyst
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Smita S Bailey
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ana Martinez Valencia
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jeffrey Miller
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mitchell Shub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lee Seabrooke
- Office of Research, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janiel Pimentel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kiri Olsen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Office of Research, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert B Rosenberg
- Office of Research, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Valencia AM, Oliva JL, Bodega G, Chiloeches A, López-Ruiz P, Prieto JC, Susini C, Colás B. Identification of a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (SHP1) different from that associated with acid phosphatase in rat prostate. FEBS Lett 1997; 406:42-8. [PMID: 9109383 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using [32P]poly(Glu,Tyr) as substrate, we have identified, for the first time, in the rat prostatic gland a protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity different from that associated with prostatic acid phosphatase. Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B was used to separate the two protein-tyrosyl phosphatases activities. The activity retained by the lectin had characteristics of the prostatic acid phosphatase. It was sensitive to inhibition by PNPP and the optimum pH shifted towards physiological values when [32P]poly(Glu,Tyr) was used as substrate. However, the major protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity was not retained by the lectin, and corresponded, at least in part, to SHP1 as probed by the presence of the protein, its mRNA and the loss of PTPase activity after immunodepletion of SHP1. This enzyme is localized within the epithelial cells. Thus, the coexistence of two protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities in rat prostate, one associated with the acid phosphatase and the other related to SHP1, makes it necessary to analyze the importance of both activities in vivo and their possible function regarding prostatic cell growth and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Valencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Martín E, Valencia AM, Colás B, García-Escribano C, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Susini C, Arilla E. Somatostatin binding capacity, guanylate cyclase and tyrosine phosphatase activities during pancreatic proliferation in the rat induced by gastrectomy. Peptides 1995; 16:1461-7. [PMID: 8745059 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(95)02023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrectomy increased pancreatic growth and this effect was associated with an increase in the number of somatostatin-14 (SS) receptors (146% of control) without altering their affinity. SS increased guanylate cyclase activity twofold in pancreatic acinar membranes from gastrectomized rats. The gastrectomy decreased pancreatic SS-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) content (55% of control levels) and tyrosine phosphatase activity (74% of control levels). Administration of proglumide (20 mg/kg, IP), a gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist, suppressed the inhibitory effect of gastrectomy on basal tyrosine phosphatase activity and SS-LI content, which returned to control levels. Furthermore, proglumide suppressed the increase of the number of SS receptors and of SS-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity induced by gastrectomy. All this suggests that pancreatic acinar cell growth is associated with upregulation of SS receptors, which could represent a mechanism promoted by the cell to negatively regulate the mitogenic activity of pancreatic growth factors such as CCK. In addition, the results also suggest that the negative regulation of tyrosine phosphatase activity may be important in the events involved in the pancreatic hyperplasia observed after gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodríguez-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The topic of coronary arteries in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is complex and confusing despite having been the subject of several recently published reports. One hundred thirty-three autopsy specimens of uncomplicated TGA were studied, with special attention to methodologic issues in anatomic description and classification. Uncomplicated TGA was defined as congenital anomaly involving origin of the aorta from the right ventricle and of the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle. Three types of transposition were recognized ("anterior aorta," "side-by-side," and "posterior aorta") depending on the aortopulmonary relations, which were intrinsically defined by the relation of the valvular orifices of the great arteries with respect to the atrioventricular orifices. The frequency of distribution of individual coronary patterns differs substantially in the first 2 types of TGA. As in normal hearts, coronary arteries in TGA tend to originate from the facing sinuses (adjacent to the pulmonary valve); in TGA, however, variations in further distal anatomy are much more frequent. It is suggested that individual coronary patterns be described in terms of number of ostia, exact ostial location within or outside the aortic sinuses, and proximal course and distribution. The use of strict, simplified classifications of coronary patterns is discouraging because of the relevance of each individual anatomic parameter to clinical aims. Because of the aortopulmonary switch repair for TGA, this study emphasizes the surgical implications of the different coronary features.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Angelini
- Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston
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Abstract
Somatostatin (SS) receptors in membranes from ovine retinas were examined using 125I-Tyr11-SS as a ligand. Receptor binding was rapid, specific, saturable, reversible and dependent on temperature and membrane concentration. Conditions of apparent equilibrium were obtained at 25 degrees C after a 45 min incubation in the presence of about 0.25 mg membrane protein/ml. Native SS competitively inhibited the binding of 125I-Tyr11-SS in the range of 0.01-10 nM, and half-maximal inhibition was observed at 0.2 nM SS. Scatchard analysis of these data suggested the existence of a single population of SS receptors with a dissociation constant of 0.23 +/- 0.03 nM and a maximum binding capacity of 84 +/- 6 fmol/mg protein. The binding of 125I-Tyr11-SS was inhibited by various synthetic SS analogs in a dose-dependent manner whereas peptides unrelated to SS did not show practically any effect even at concentrations as high as 10(-6) M. SS receptor occupancy appears to be coupled to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein, as suggested by the facts that: (a) SS noncompetitively inhibited the stimulatory effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (3 x 10(-7) M) on membrane adenylate cyclase activity but it did not alter basal enzyme activity; and (b) the addition of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) (10(-5) M) decreased the specific binding of 125I-Tyr11-SS to 26.6% of the control value due to a decrease in SS receptor affinity. The present results support the hypothesis that SS may contribute to the physiological regulation of the functions of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Colás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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