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Hu HH, Li F, Mu T, Han LY, Feng XF, Ma YF, Jiang Y, Xue XS, Du BQ, Li RR, Ma Y. Genetic analysis of longevity and their associations with fertility traits in Holstein cattle. Animal 2023; 17:100851. [PMID: 37263130 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of longevity is intended to reduce involuntary culling rates, not extend the life span, and it reflects the ability of animals to successfully cope with the environment and disease during production. Sire model, animal model and repeatability animal models were used to estimate the (co) variance components of longevity and fertility traits. Six longevity and thirteen fertility traits were analysed, including herd life (HL), productive life (PL), number of days between first calving and the end of first lactation or culling (L1); number of days between first calving and the end of the second lactation or culling (L2); number of days between first calving and the end of the third lactation or culling (L3); number of days between first calving and the end of the fourth lactation or culling (L4); age at first service, age at first calving (AFC), the interval from first to last inseminations in heifer (IFLh), conception rate of first insemination in heifer, days open (DO), calving interval, gestation length, interval from calving to first insemination (ICF), interval from first to last inseminations in cow (IFLc), conception rate of first insemination in cow, calving ease (CE), birth weight, and calf survival. The estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.018 (±0.003), 0.015 (±0.003), 0.049 (±0.004), 0.025 (±0.003), 0.009 (±0.002) and 0.011 (±0.002) for HL, PL, L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. Strong correlations were appeared in HL and PL; the genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were 0.998 and 0.985, respectively. There were high genetic and phenotypic correlations which were observed in L1 and L2, L2 and L3, L3 and L4, respectively. All fertility traits of heifer showed medium to high heritability, while the cow showed low heritability. All heifer fertility traits had low genetic associations with longevity traits, ranging from -0.018 (L2 and IFLh) to 0.257 (L3 and AFC). Most of the fertility traits showed negative correlations with longevity traits in different parities, and we recommend DO, ICF, IFLc and CE as indirect indicators of longevity traits in dairy cows, but we also need to take into account the differences between parities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - F Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - T Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - L Y Han
- Ningxia Agriculture Reclamation Helanshan Dairy Co. Ltd, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - X F Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Y F Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - X S Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - B Q Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - R R Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Y Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Sien ME, Robinson AL, Hu HH, Nitkin CR, Hall AS, Files MG, Artz NS, Pitts JT, Chan SS. Feasibility of and experience using a portable MRI scanner in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:45-50. [PMID: 35788031 PMCID: PMC9763199 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital. STUDY DESIGN This was a single-site prospective cohort study in neonates ≥2 kg conducted between October and December 2020. All parents provided informed consent. Neonates underwent portable MRI examination in the NICU with support equipment powered on and attached to the neonate during the examination. A paediatric radiologist interpreted each portable MRI examination. The study outcome variable was percentage of portable MRI examinations completed without artefacts that would hinder diagnosis. Findings were compared between portable MRI examinations and standard of care examinations. RESULTS Eighteen portable, low-field MRI examinations were performed on 14 neonates with an average age of 29.7 days (range 1-122 days). 94% (17 of 18) of portable MRI examinations were acquired without significant artefact. Significant intracranial pathology was visible on portable MRI, but subtle abnormalities were missed. The examination reads were concordant in 59% (10 of 17) of cases and significant pathology was missed in 12% (2 of 17) of cases. CONCLUSION This single-centre series demonstrated portable MRI examinations can be performed safely with standard patient support equipment present in the NICU. These findings demonstrate that portable MRI could be used in the future to guide care in the NICU setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04629469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura E Sien
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amie L Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Chris R Nitkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ara S Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Marcie G Files
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathan S Artz
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Sherwin S Chan
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA .,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Benninger KL, Peng J, Ho ML, Newton J, Wang DJJ, Hu HH, Stark AR, Rusin JA, Maitre NL. Cerebral perfusion and neurological examination characterise neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:414-420. [PMID: 34725106 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessed with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI is increased and standardised neurological examination is altered in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) compared with those without. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Level IV neonatal intensive care unit and outpatient primary care centre. PARTICIPANTS Infants with NOWS receiving pharmacological treatment and unexposed controls matched for gestational age at birth and post-menstrual age at MRI. MAIN OUTCOMES CBF assessed by ASL on non-sedated 3-Tesla MRI and standardised Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) within 14 days of birth. RESULTS Thirty infants with NOWS and 31 control infants were enrolled and included in the final analysis. Global CBF across the brain was higher in the NOWS group compared with controls (14.2 mL/100 g/min±5.5 vs 10.7 mL/100 g/min±4.3, mean±SD, Cohen's d=0.72). HNNE total optimality score was lower in the NOWS group compared with controls (25.9±3.6 vs 28.4±2.4, mean±SD, Cohen's d=0.81). A penalised logistic regression model including both CBF and HNNE items discriminated best between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Increased cerebral perfusion and neurological examination abnormalities characterise infants with NOWS compared with those without intrauterine drug exposure and suggest prenatal substance exposure affects fetal brain development. Identifying neurological and neuroimaging characteristics of infants with NOWS can contribute to understanding mechanisms underlying later outcomes and to designing potential new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Benninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA .,Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jin Peng
- Research Information Solutions and Innovation Research & Development, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Newton
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann R Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome A Rusin
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Pimentel JL, Vander Wyst KB, Soltero EG, Peña A, Hu HH, Bailey S, Pokorney A, Ayers S, Valencia AM, Olson ML, Shaibi GQ. Organ fat in Latino youth at risk for type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:286-290. [PMID: 35001468 PMCID: PMC8983449 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity in youth increases the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and elevated abdominal adipose tissue and organ fat may be particularly deleterious. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among measures of adiposity including total, visceral, and organ fat (hepatic and pancreatic) and whether these measures were independently associated with glycemia in Latino youth at risk for diabetes. METHODS Latino adolescents (47 boys and 32 girls, 13.7 ± 1.4 years) with obesity (BMIz 2.3 ± 0.3) were assessed for total fat by DXA and visceral and organ fat by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Glycemic indicators included HbA1c, fasting glucose (FG), and 2-h glucose (2-HrG) following an oral glucose tolerance test. Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression analyses controlling for age and sex were used to examine independent associations between adiposity and glycemia. RESULTS Total fat was associated with visceral (r = 0.66, p = 0.001) and hepatic fat (r = 0.34, p < 0.01) while visceral fat was associated with hepatic (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and pancreatic fat (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). In stepwise linear regression analysis, hepatic and pancreatic fat were significant predictors of FG, explaining 4.7% and 5.2% of the variance, respectively (total R2 = 0.14, p = 0.02). Hepatic fat was the only significant predictor of 2-HrG explaining 9.9% of the variance in the model (total R2 = 0.12, p = 0.03). No measure of adiposity was retained as a significant predictor of HbA1c. CONCLUSION Hepatic and pancreatic fat were the only adiposity measures independently associated with glycemia but the small amount of variance explained underscores the need for additional T2D biomarkers in high risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiel L. Pimentel
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kiley B. Vander Wyst
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Master of Public Health Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Erica G. Soltero
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Hyperfine, Inc., Guilford, CT
| | - Smita Bailey
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Amber Pokorney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ana Martinez Valencia
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Micah L. Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
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Krishnamurthy R, Shah SH, Wang L, Gleeson SP, Liu GC, Hu HH, Krishnamurthy R. Advanced imaging use and payment trends in a large pediatric accountable care organization. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:22-29. [PMID: 34535808 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric imaging use and payment trends in accountable care organizations (ACOs) are seldom studied but are important for health policy decisions and resource allocation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate patterns of advanced imaging use and associated payments over a 7-year period at a large ACO in the USA serving a Medicaid population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed paid claims data from 2011 through 2017 from an ACO, analyzing the MRI, CT and US use trends and payments from emergency department (ED) and outpatient encounters. We defined "utilization rate" as the number of advanced imaging procedures per 100 enrolled children per calendar year. Average yearly utilization and payments trends were analyzed using Pearson correlation. RESULTS Across 7 years, 186,552 advanced imaging procedures were performed. The average overall utilization rate was 6.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.9-7.1). In the ED this was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.6-2.8) and in outpatients 4.3 (95% CI: 4.2-4.3). The overall utilization rate grew by 0.7% yearly (P=0.077), with US growing the most at 4.0% annually (P=0.0005), especially in the ED in the US, where it grew 10.8% annually (P=0.000019). The overall payments were stable from 2011 to 2017, with outpatient MRI seeing the largest payment decrease at 1.8% (P=0.24) and ED US showing the most growth at 3.3% (P=0.00016). Head CT and abdominal US were the two most common procedures. CONCLUSION Over the study period, advanced imaging utilization at this large pediatric ACO serving the Medicaid population increased, especially with US use in the ED. Overall payments related to advanced imaging remained stable over this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Summit H Shah
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Partners For Kids, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sean P Gleeson
- Partners For Kids, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gilbert C Liu
- Partners For Kids, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Rajesh Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
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Wyst KBV, Hu HH, Peña A, Olson ML, Bailey SS, Shaibi GQ. Bone marrow adipose tissue content in Latino adolescents with prediabetes and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:2100-2107. [PMID: 34582099 PMCID: PMC8612952 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether total, regional, and organ fat predicts bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) fat content and to explore whether BMAT fat content differs by sex among Latino youth. METHODS Latino youth (n = 86; age 13.6 [1.4] years, 62% male) with obesity (BMI percentile = 98.5% [1.2%]) underwent a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to assess body composition and a magnetic resonance imaging scan to determine abdominal adiposity, liver fat, and vertebral BMAT fat content in the thoracic (average of T8-T12) and lumbar (average of L1-L5) spine. RESULTS Male youth exhibited significantly greater thoracic (male youth = 30.8% [1.4%] vs. female youth = 24.5% [2.1%], p = 0.027) and lumbar (male youth = 36.3% [1.5%] vs. female youth = 30.2% [2.2%], p = 0.038) BMAT fat content compared with female youth. Visceral adipose tissue was a significant predictor of thoracic (β = 0.434, t[86] = 3.016, p = 0.003) and lumbar (β = 0.389, t[86] = 2.677, p = 0.009) BMAT fat content, explaining 8.9% and 6.9% of the variance, respectively. Liver fat was a significant predictor of both thoracic (β = 0.487, t[86] = 4.334, p < 0.001) and lumbar (β = 0.436, t[86] = 3.793, p < 0.001) BMAT fat content, explaining 17.6% and 13.8% of the variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Male youth had significantly greater thoracic and lumbar BMAT fat content than female youth. Greater BMAT fat content is associated with greater liver fat and visceral adipose tissue among youth with obesity. Further investigation of the mechanistic underpinnings of BMAT may help to differentiate its metabolic and bone-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley B. Vander Wyst
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
- Clinical Science, Hyperfine, Inc., Guilford, CT
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Micah L. Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Smita S. Bailey
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Flanagan EW, Altazan AD, Carmichael OT, Hu HH, Redman LM. Practical application of in vivo MRI-based brown adipose tissue measurements in infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1676-1683. [PMID: 34553508 PMCID: PMC9115839 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infant metabolism remains poorly understood, primarily because of the inherent limitation of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to measure BAT, which is not suitable for infants. The aims of this method development study were to assess the feasibility, intra-rater reliability, interscan repeatability, and physiological relevance of measuring BAT in infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS A total of 10 nonsedated infants (mean age, 22.6 [1.3] days old) completed two 3-T MRI exams using chemical-shift-encoded water-fat scans 6.2 (2.8) days apart. Candidate BAT voxels in the supraclavicular region were identified based on fat signal fraction (FSF). The volumes of BAT depots were manually traced, and FSF was calculated. Whole-body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Images were successfully obtained from 19 of 20 (95%) attempted scans. The mean BAT volume was 5.41 (SD 1.1) cm3 , and the mean FSF was 16.41% (SD 3.3%). Intra-rater analysis showed good reliability with no systemic bias (proportional bias for volume: p = 0.19; FSF: p = 0.30). Test-retest for interscan repeatability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients for volume: 0.92, p = 0.001 and intraclass correlation coefficients for FSF: 0.93, p < 0.001). FSF was inversely related to fat-free mass (r = -0.69, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This method development study supports the use of MRI to obtain reliable and quantitative measurements of BAT volume in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Flanagan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | - Abby D Altazan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | | | - Houchun H Hu
- Hyperfine Research, Inc., Guilford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
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Hu HH, Yokoo T, Bashir MR, Sirlin CB, Hernando D, Malyarenko D, Chenevert TL, Smith MA, Serai SD, Middleton MS, Henderson WC, Hamilton G, Shaffer J, Shu Y, Tkach JA, Trout AT, Obuchowski N, Brittain JH, Jackson EF, Reeder SB. Linearity and Bias of Proton Density Fat Fraction as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker: A Multicenter, Multiplatform, Multivendor Phantom Study. Radiology 2021; 298:640-651. [PMID: 33464181 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021202912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI is an accepted imaging biomarker of hepatic steatosis. This work aims to promote standardized use of CSE MRI to estimate PDFF. Purpose To assess the accuracy of CSE MRI methods for estimating PDFF by determining the linearity and range of bias observed in a phantom. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a commercial phantom with 12 vials of known PDFF values were shipped across nine U.S. centers. The phantom underwent 160 independent MRI examinations on 27 1.5-T and 3.0-T systems from three vendors. Two three-dimensional CSE MRI protocols with minimal T1 bias were included: vendor and standardized. Each vendor's confounder-corrected complex or hybrid magnitude-complex based reconstruction algorithm was used to generate PDFF maps in both protocols. The Siemens reconstruction required a configuration change to correct for water-fat swaps in the phantom. The MRI PDFF values were compared with the known PDFF values by using linear regression with mixed-effects modeling. The 95% CIs were calculated for the regression slope (ie, proportional bias) and intercept (ie, constant bias) and compared with the null hypothesis (slope = 1, intercept = 0). Results Pooled regression slope for estimated PDFF values versus phantom-derived reference PDFF values was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) in the biologically relevant 0%-47.5% PDFF range. The corresponding pooled intercept was -0.27% (95% CI: -0.50%, -0.05%). Across vendors, slope ranges were 0.86-1.02 (vendor protocols) and 0.97-1.0 (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 0.91-1.01 (vendor protocols) and 0.87-1.01 (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. The intercept ranges (absolute PDFF percentage) were -0.65% to 0.18% (vendor protocols) and -0.69% to -0.17% (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and -0.48% to 0.10% (vendor protocols) and -0.78% to -0.21% (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. Conclusion Proton density fat fraction estimation derived from three-dimensional chemical shift-encoded MRI in a commercial phantom was accurate across vendors, imaging centers, and field strengths, with use of the vendors' product acquisition and reconstruction software. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Dyke in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Diego Hernando
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Dariya Malyarenko
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Thomas L Chenevert
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Mark A Smith
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Suraj D Serai
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Michael S Middleton
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Walter C Henderson
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Gavin Hamilton
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Jean Shaffer
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Yunhong Shu
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Jean A Tkach
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Andrew T Trout
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Nancy Obuchowski
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Jean H Brittain
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Edward F Jackson
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
| | - Scott B Reeder
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
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- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Dr, Columbus, OH 43235 (H.H.H., M.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (T.Y.); Department of Radiology (M.R.B., J.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (M.R.B.), and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development (M.R.B., J.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S., M.S.M., W.C.H., G.H.); Departments of Radiology (D.H., J.H.B., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., E.F.J., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (Y.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.A.T., A.T.T.); Department of Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); and Calimetrix, LLC, Madison, Wis (J.H.B.)
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9
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Ditmars FS, Ruess L, Young CM, Hu HH, MacDonald JP, Ravindran R, Thompson BP. MRI of tibial stress fractures: relationship between Fredericson classification and time to recovery in pediatric athletes. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1735-1741. [PMID: 32809066 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibial stress fractures are not uncommon in pediatric athletes. The severity of injury may be graded using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE To determine whether Fredericson MRI grading of tibial stress fractures can differentiate times to recovery across different grades in pediatric athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A medical record search identified all athletes younger than 19 years old who had tibial stress fractures confirmed by MRI and were treated by sports medicine specialists in our clinic system over a 5-year period. Two pediatric radiologists graded MRI exams using the Fredericson system. Time to recovery (in days) was defined in four ways: pain onset to full participation, pain onset to zero pain, first treatment to full sport participation and first treatment to zero pain. Recovery times were compared to tibial stress fracture Fredericson MRI grade and to the use of a recovery device. RESULTS Thirty-eight pediatric athletes (age range: 7-18 years, mean: 15.4±2.2 years) had 42 tibial stress fractures while participating in 12 different sports. About half (55%) were track and/or cross-country athletes. The mean time from diagnosis to report of no pain for all patients was 55.6±5.0 days. We found no significant difference in time to recovery across stress fracture grade or with the use of a recovery device. CONCLUSION No differences were noted between Fredericson stress fracture grades and different time periods to recovery or between differences in recovery time and the return to full participation in sports, regardless of the use of assistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Ditmars
- Department of Radiology, ED 4, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA
| | - Lynne Ruess
- Department of Radiology, ED 4, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Radiology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cody M Young
- Department of Radiology, ED 4, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Radiology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, ED 4, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA
| | - James P MacDonald
- Department of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Reno Ravindran
- Department of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin P Thompson
- Department of Radiology, ED 4, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA. .,Department of Radiology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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10
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Crabtree CD, LaFountain RA, Hyde PN, Chen C, Pan Y, Lamba N, Sapper TN, Short JA, Kackley ML, Buga A, Miller VJ, Scandling D, Andersson I, Barker S, Hu HH, Volek JS, Simonetti OP. Quantification of Human Central Adipose Tissue Depots: An Anatomically Matched Comparison Between DXA and MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:358-366. [PMID: 31893234 PMCID: PMC6935994 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT volume relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are associated with elevated health risks. This study compares fat measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 21 control subjects (Control) and 16 individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) were scanned by DXA and MRI. The region measured by MRI was matched to the android region defined by DXA, and MRI reproducibility was also evaluated. In addition, liver fat fraction was quantified via MRI and whole-body fat by DXA. VAT measurements are interchangeable between DXA and MRI in the Control (R = 0.946), MetSyn (R = 0.968), and combined cohort (R = 0.983). VAT/SAT ratio did not differ in the Control group (P = .10), but VAT/SAT ratio measured by DXA was significantly higher in the MetSyn group (P < .01) and the combined (P = .03) cohort. Intraobserver (ICC = 0.998) and interobserver (ICC = 0.977) reproducibility of MRI VAT measurements was excellent. Liver fat fraction by MRI was higher (P = .001) in MetSyn (12.4% ± 7.6%) than in controls (2.6% ± 2.2%), as was whole-body fat percentage by DXA (P = .001) between the MetSyn (42.0% ± 8.1%) and Control groups (26.7% ± 6.9%). DXA and MRI VAT are interchangeable when measured over an anatomically matched region of the abdomen, while SAT and VAT/SAT ratio differ between the 2 modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue Pan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irma Andersson
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samantha Barker
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; and
| | | | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, and.,Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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11
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Vander Wyst KB, Olson ML, Hooker E, Soltero EG, Konopken YP, Keller CS, Castro FG, Williams AN, Fernández ADR, Patrick DL, Ayers SL, Hu HH, Peña A, Pimentel J, Knowler WC, Shaibi GQ. Yields and costs of recruitment methods with participant phenotypic characteristics for a diabetes prevention research study in an underrepresented pediatric population. Trials 2020; 21:716. [PMID: 32799920 PMCID: PMC7429699 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Prediabetes and diabetes disproportionately impact Latino youth, yet few diabetes prevention programs have prioritized inclusion of this underrepresented population. This report describes the recruitment process, yields, associated costs, and phenotypic characteristics of Latino youth with obesity and prediabetes enrolled in a randomized controlled diabetes prevention study in the USA. Methods Recruitment efforts included referrals from clinics, community outlets, local media, and word of mouth with the goal of enrolling 120 Latino adolescents aged 12–16 with obesity (BMI > 95th percentile) and prediabetes. Prediabetes eligibility was determined by any of the following: HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.5%, fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL, or a 2-h glucose between 120 and 199 mg/dL following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), but not meeting any of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Eligible participants were randomized 2:1 to either a 6-month community-based lifestyle intervention that included group nutrition and health education classes (1 day/week) and group exercise classes (2 days/week) or usual care control arm. Recruitment yields were determined by review of referral source in the study screening database. Recruitment costs were determined by an after-the-fact financial review of actual and in-kind costs. Participant phenotypic characteristics (i.e., demographics, anthropometrics, and biochemical data) were compared by recruitment strategy using a one-way ANOVA. Results Recruitment efforts covered 160 mile2 (414 km2) across 26 ZIP codes (postcode) in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area and yielded 655 referrals from clinics (n = 344), community (n = 143), media (n = 137), and word-of-mouth (n = 31). From this pool, 26% (n = 167) did not meet general, pre-screening eligibility criteria; 29% (n = 187) declined participation; and 10% (n = 64) were unable to be contacted. A total of 237 youth were invited to the clinical research unit to determine final eligibility. Following the OGTT, 52% (n = 122) met prediabetes criteria and 117 were subsequently randomized. Clinical recruitment yielded the highest number of referrals (53%; n = 344) while word-of-mouth yielded the highest proportion (35%; n = 11) of randomized participants per referred youth. There were no significant differences in anthropometric or biochemical measures among youth by recruitment strategy. Based upon final enrollment numbers, community recruitment was the costliest approach ($486/randomized participant) followed by clinical ($248/randomized participant) and media ($236/randomized participant). Conclusions The ability to meet enrollment goals for a clinical trial of an underrepresented population required multiple recruitment strategies. Although strategies vary in yields and costs, it appears they produce similar phenotypical risk profiles of eligible youth. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02615353. Registered on 26 November 2015
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley B Vander Wyst
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elva Hooker
- Ivy Center for Family Wellness, The Society of St. Vincent de Paul of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Erica G Soltero
- USDA/ARS Children's Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yolando P Konopken
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Colleen S Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Felipe G Castro
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Allison N Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Arlene D R Fernández
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Ayers
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janiel Pimentel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA. .,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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12
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Sollmann N, Cervantes B, Klupp E, Weidlich D, Makowski MR, Kirschke JS, Hu HH, Karampinos DC. Magnetic resonance neurography of the lumbosacral plexus at 3 Tesla - CSF-suppressed imaging with submillimeter resolution by a three-dimensional turbo spin echo sequence. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 71:132-139. [PMID: 32553857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression by using submillimeter resolution for three-dimensional (3D) turbo spin echo (TSE) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using extended phase graph (EPG) analysis, the signal response of CSF was simulated considering dephasing from coherent motion for frequency-encoding voxel sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1.3 mm and for CSF velocities ranging from 0 to 4 cm/s. In-vivo MRN included 3D TSE data with frequency encoding parallel to the feet/head axis from 15 healthy adults (mean age: 28.5 ± 3.8 years, 5 females; acquisition voxel size: 2 × 2 × 2 mm3) and 16 pediatric patients (mean age: 6.7 ± 4.1 years, 7 females; acquisition voxel size: 0.7 × 0.7 × 1.4 mm3) acquired at 3 Tesla. Five of the adults were scanned repetitively with changing acquisition voxel sizes (1 × 2 × 2 mm3, 0.7 × 2× 2 mm3, and 0.5 × 2 × 2 mm3). Measurements of the bilateral ganglion of the L5 nerve root, averaged between sides, as well as the CSF in the thecal sac were obtained for all included subjects and compared between adults and pediatric patients and between voxel sizes, using a CSF-to-nerve signal ratio (CSFNR). RESULTS According to simulations, the CSF signal is reduced along the echo train for moving spins. Specifically, it can be reduced by over 90% compared to the maximum simulated signal for flow velocities above 2 cm/s, and could be most effectively suppressed by considering a frequency-encoding voxel size of 0.8 mm or less. For in-vivo measurements, mean CSFNR was 1.52 ± 0.22 for adults and 0.10 ± 0.03 for pediatric patients (p < .0001). Differences in CSFNR were significant between measurements using a voxel size of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 and measurements in data with reduced voxel sizes (p ≤ .0012), with submillimeter resolution (particularly 0.5 × 2 × 2 mm3) providing highest CSF suppression. CONCLUSIONS Applying frequency-encoding voxel sizes in submillimeter range for 3D TSE imaging with frequency encoding parallel to the feet/head axis may considerably improve MRN of LSP pathology in adults in the future because of favorable CSF suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Sollmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Barbara Cervantes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Klupp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Hyperfine Research, Guilford, CT, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Zhong X, Hu HH, Armstrong T, Li X, Lee Y, Tsao T, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SA, Dale BM, Deshpande V, Kiefer B, Wu HH. Free‐Breathing Volumetric Liver and Proton Density Fat Fraction Quantification in Pediatric Patients Using Stack‐of‐Radial
MRI
With Self‐Gating Motion Compensation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:118-129. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhong
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Los Angeles California USA
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Clinical Science, Hyperfine Guilford Connecticut USA
| | - Tess Armstrong
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Xinzhou Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Yu‐Hsiu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Tsu‐Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Marcel D. Nickel
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Brian M. Dale
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Cary North Carolina USA
| | | | - Berthold Kiefer
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany
| | - Holden H. Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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14
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Krishnamurthy R, Thompson BL, Shankar A, Gariepy CE, Potter CJ, Fung BR, Hu HH. Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the Liver in Children and Adolescents: Assessment of Regional Variations in Stiffness. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:e109-e115. [PMID: 31412984 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We describe our experience in measuring parenchyma stiffness across the liver Couinaud segments in lieu of the conventional practice of using a single slice-wise "global" region-of-interest. We hypothesize that the heterogeneous nature of fibrosis can lead to regional stiffness within the organ, and that it can be reflected by Couinaud segment-based magnetic resonance elastography measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study involved from 173 patients (116 males, 57 females, 1.0-22.5 years, 14.7 ± 3.5 years) who underwent exams between June 2017 and September 2018. Liver stiffness across the eight Couinaud segments was measured in addition to a single-slice global measurement by two analysts. Inter- and intrarater analysis was performed in a subset of 20 cases. Individual segment stiffness values, the average across the segments, and the coefficients of variation (CoV) were compared to global single-slice-derived values using linear and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients. Linear correlations between stiffness values versus age, gender, and body-mass-index (BMI) were also evaluated. RESULTS We observed CoVs ranging from 3.1%-79.2%, 17.2 ± 7.2%. The CoV was not correlated with age or BMI (r2 < 0.01, p = 0.99 for both). The CoV did not differ between males (17.1 ± 5.6%) and females (17.3 ± 9.8%) (p = 0.88). There were no correlations between global stiffness versus age (r2 = 0.02, p = 0.84) or BMI (r2 = 0.03, p = 0.68). A range of 0.58-0.86 was observed for Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between segmental stiffness, the average stiffness across segments, and global stiffness. Segments II and VII had the highest frequency of being the stiffest Couinaud segment. The average stiffness across the segments correlated strongly with the single-slice global measurement (r2 = 0.88, p< 0.01). CONCLUSION There exists potential variations in parenchyma stiffness across the liver Couinaud segments, which may reflect the heterogeneous nature of fibrosis. This variation can potentially provide additional diagnostic and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Krishnamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Anand Shankar
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Cheryl E Gariepy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carol J Potter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bonita R Fung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205.
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15
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Ooi MB, Li Z, Robison RK, Wang D, Anderson AG, Zwart NR, Bakhru A, Nagaraj S, Mathews T, Hey S, Koonen JJ, Dimitrov IE, Friel HT, Lu Q, Obara M, Saha I, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Temkit M, Hu HH, Chenevert TL, Togao O, Tkach JA, Nagaraj UD, Pinho MC, Gupta RK, Small JE, Kunst MM, Karis JP, Andre JB, Miller JH, Pinter NK, Pipe JG. Spiral T1 Spin-Echo for Routine Postcontrast Brain MRI Exams: A Multicenter Multireader Clinical Evaluation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:238-245. [PMID: 32029467 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spiral MR imaging has several advantages compared with Cartesian MR imaging that can be leveraged for added clinical value. A multicenter multireader study was designed to compare spiral with standard-of-care Cartesian postcontrast structural brain MR imaging on the basis of relative performance in 10 metrics of image quality, artifact prevalence, and diagnostic benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven clinical sites acquired 88 total subjects. For each subject, sites acquired 2 postcontrast MR imaging scans: a spiral 2D T1 spin-echo, and 1 of 4 routine Cartesian 2D T1 spin-echo/TSE scans (fully sampled spin-echo at 3T, 1.5T, partial Fourier, TSE). The spiral acquisition matched the Cartesian scan for scan time, geometry, and contrast. Nine neuroradiologists independently reviewed each subject, with the matching pair of spiral and Cartesian scans compared side-by-side, and scored on 10 image-quality metrics (5-point Likert scale) focused on intracranial assessment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test evaluated relative performance of spiral versus Cartesian, while the Kruskal-Wallis test assessed interprotocol differences. RESULTS Spiral was superior to Cartesian in 7 of 10 metrics (flow artifact mitigation, SNR, GM/WM contrast, image sharpness, lesion conspicuity, preference for diagnosing abnormal enhancement, and overall intracranial image quality), comparable in 1 of 10 metrics (motion artifacts), and inferior in 2 of 10 metrics (susceptibility artifacts, overall extracranial image quality) related to magnetic susceptibility (P < .05). Interprotocol comparison confirmed relatively higher SNR and GM/WM contrast for partial Fourier and TSE protocol groups, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Spiral 2D T1 spin-echo for routine structural brain MR imaging is feasible in the clinic with conventional scanners and was preferred by neuroradiologists for overall postcontrast intracranial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Ooi
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Z Li
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - R K Robison
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - D Wang
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
| | - A G Anderson
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - N R Zwart
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - A Bakhru
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Nagaraj
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - T Mathews
- Buffalo, New York; Philips Healthcare (A.B., S.N., T.M.)
| | - S Hey
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - J J Koonen
- Bangalore, India; Philips Healthcare, (S.H., J.J.K.), Best, the Netherlands
| | - I E Dimitrov
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - H T Friel
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Q Lu
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Obara
- Philips Healthcare (M.O.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Saha
- Philips Healthcare (I.S.), Gurgaon, India
| | - H Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Wang
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - Y Zhao
- From Philips Healthcare (M.B.O., I.E.D., H.T.F., Q.L., H.W., Y.W., Y.Z.)
| | - M Temkit
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - H H Hu
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - T L Chenevert
- University of Michigan (T.L.C.), Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - O Togao
- Kyushu University Hospital (O.T.), Kyushu, Japan
| | - J A Tkach
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - U D Nagaraj
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital (J.A.T., U.D.N.), Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M C Pinho
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (M.C.P.), Dallas, Texas
| | - R K Gupta
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute (R.K.G.), Gurgaon, India
| | - J E Small
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - M M Kunst
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (J.E.S., M.M.K.), Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - J P Karis
- Gainesville, Florida; Barrow Neurological Institute (Z.L., A.G.A., N.R.Z., J.P.K.)
| | - J B Andre
- University of Washington (J.B.A.), Seattle, Washington
| | - J H Miller
- Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix Children's Hospital (R.K.R., M.T., H.H.H., J.H.M.)
| | - N K Pinter
- Phoenix, Arizona; DENT Neurologic Institute (N.K.P.)
| | - J G Pipe
- Phoenix, Arizona; Mayo Clinic (D.W., J.G.P.)
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16
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Suman G, Rusin JA, Lebel RM, Hu HH. Multidelay Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in the Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow: Preliminary Clinical Experience in Pediatrics. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 103:79-83. [PMID: 31570299 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We attempted to demonstrate the clinical applicability and utility of a three-dimensional multidelay arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging technique in pediatric neuroimaging through a series of case studies. METHODS Whole-brain three-dimensional multidelay arterial spin labeling data were acquired in five pediatric patients with different neurological conditions using 3 mm to 4 mm slices and a scan time of six to seven minutes. RESULTS Three-dimensional multidelay arterial spin labeling provided complementary diagnostic information via quantitative cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time maps. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional multidelay arterial spin labeling sequence provides simultaneous quantification of cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time and is feasible for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Suman
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jerome A Rusin
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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17
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition with many potential acute and chronic neurological consequences. Standard initial radiographic evaluation includes noncontrast head CT scanning to rapidly evaluate for pathology that might require intervention. The availability of fast, relatively inexpensive CT imaging has fundamentally changed the clinician's ability to noninvasively visualize neuroanatomy. However, in the context of TBI, limitations of head CT without contrast include poor prognostic ability, inability to analyze cerebral perfusion status, and poor visualization of underlying posttraumatic changes to brain parenchyma. Here, the authors review emerging advanced imaging for evaluation of both acute and chronic TBI and include QuickBrain MRI as an initial imaging modality. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI, MR arterial spin labeling, and perfusion CT are reviewed as methods for examining cerebral blood flow following TBI. The authors evaluate MR-based diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI for prognostication of recovery post-TBI. Finally, MR elastography, MR spectroscopy, and convolutional neural networks are examined as future tools in TBI management. Many imaging technologies are being developed and studied in TBI, and some of these may hold promise in improving the understanding and management of TBI. ABBREVIATIONS ASL = arterial spin labeling; CNN = convolutional neural network; CTP = perfusion CT; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DMN = default mode network; DOC = disorders of consciousness; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; FA = fractional anisotropy; fMRI = functional MRI; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; MD = mean diffusivity; MRE = MR elastography; MRS = MR spectroscopy; mTBI = mild TBI; NAA = N-acetylaspartate; SWI = susceptibility-weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; UHF = ultra-high field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Milliron
- 2The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Leonard
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery and.,4Division of Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric A Sribnick
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery and.,4Division of Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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18
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Hu HH, McAllister AS, Jin N, Lubeley LJ, Selvaraj B, Smith M, Krishnamurthy R, Zhou K. Comparison of 2D BLADE Turbo Gradient- and Spin-Echo and 2D Spin-Echo Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted Brain MRI at 3 T: Preliminary Experience in Children. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:1597-1604. [PMID: 30777649 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We describe our preliminary experience using a 2D turbo gradient- and spin-echo (TGSE) diffusion-weighted (DW) pulse sequence with non-Cartesian BLADE trajectory at 3 T in pediatric patients. We compared the TGSE BLADE to conventional DW spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) in pediatric brain imaging, assessing the presence of artifacts from signal pile-ups, geometric distortion, motion, susceptibility from air-tissue interface, shunts and orthodontia, and diagnostic image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were acquired in 53 patients (10.4 ± 7.9 years). All DW imaging data were acquired precontrast, with SE-EPI first. A four-point scale for rating was used-1 (best) and 4 (worst). A neuroradiologist scored the two sequences and further noted whether the TGSE BLADE approach or SE-EPI was preferred in each case. Apparent diffusion coefficients were compared quantitatively between the two sequences in a subset of 16 patients, in 41 separate regions of interests including caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, and pathological areas. RESULTS In 43.4% of the cases, TGSE BLADE was preferred; in 49.1% of the cases, both sequences were preferred equally. Average scores for SE-EPI were 2.2 ± 0.8 versus TGSE's 1.2 ± 0.4 in assessing diagnostic quality (p < 0.05). Motion artifacts were minimal on both sequences in 92.5% of the cases. In the TGSE BLADE scores, no case received a "4" for significant artifacts with marginally acceptable image quality. Apparent diffusion coefficients values between the two sequences were statistically similar, with a linear regression slope of 0.92 (r2 = 0.97). CONCLUSION TGSE BLADE DW imaging exhibited less geometric distortion in the brain and reduced signal pile-ups in areas of high susceptibility than conventional SE-EPI.
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19
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Hu HH, Branca RT, Hernando D, Karampinos DC, Machann J, McKenzie CA, Wu HH, Yokoo T, Velan SS. Magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and metabolic disorders: Summary from the 2019 ISMRM Workshop. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1565-1576. [PMID: 31782551 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened in Singapore for the 2019 ISMRM-sponsored workshop on MRI of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The scientific program brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, trainees, and clinicians and included sessions in diabetes and insulin resistance; an update on recent advances in water-fat MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods; with applications in skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and adipose tissue quantification; a summary of recent findings in brown adipose tissue; new developments in imaging fat in the fetus, placenta, and neonates; the utility of liver elastography in obesity studies; and the emerging role of radiomics in population-based "big data" studies. The workshop featured keynote presentations on nutrition, epidemiology, genetics, and exercise physiology. Forty-four proffered scientific abstracts were also presented, covering the topics of brown adipose tissue, quantitative liver analysis from multiparametric data, disease prevalence and population health, technical and methodological developments in data acquisition and reconstruction, newfound applications of machine learning and neural networks, standardization of proton density fat fraction measurements, and X-nuclei applications. The purpose of this article is to summarize the scientific highlights from the workshop and identify future directions of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rosa Tamara Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Aaron S McAllister
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205
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21
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Hu HH, Benkert T, Jones JY, McAllister AS, Rusin JA, Krishnamurthy R, Block KT. 3D T1-weighted contrast-enhanced brain MRI in children using a fat-suppressed golden angle radial acquisition: an alternative to Cartesian inversion-recovery imaging. Clin Imaging 2019; 55:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Vidya Shankar R, Chang JC, Hu HH, Kodibagkar VD. Fast data acquisition techniques in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4046. [PMID: 30637822 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is an important technique for assessing the spatial variation of metabolites in vivo. The long scan times in MRSI limit clinical applicability due to patient discomfort, increased costs, motion artifacts, and limited protocol flexibility. Faster acquisition strategies can address these limitations and could potentially facilitate increased adoption of MRSI into routine clinical protocols with minimal addition to the current anatomical and functional acquisition protocols in terms of imaging time. Not surprisingly, a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of faster MRSI techniques that aim to capture the same underlying metabolic information (relative metabolite peak areas and spatial distribution) as obtained by conventional MRSI, in greatly reduced time. The gain in imaging time results, in some cases, in a loss of signal-to-noise ratio and/or in spatial and spectral blurring. This review examines the current techniques and advances in fast MRSI in two and three spatial dimensions and their applications. This review categorizes the acceleration techniques according to their strategy for acquisition of the k-space. Techniques such as fast/turbo-spin echo MRSI, echo-planar spectroscopic imaging, and non-Cartesian MRSI effectively cover the full k-space in a more efficient manner per TR . On the other hand, techniques such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing acquire fewer k-space points and employ advanced reconstruction algorithms to recreate the spatial-spectral information, which maintains statistical fidelity in test conditions (ie no statistically significant differences on voxel-wise comparisions) with the fully sampled data. The advantages and limitations of each state-of-the-art technique are reviewed in detail, concluding with a note on future directions and challenges in the field of fast spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Vidya Shankar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John C Chang
- Banner M D Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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23
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Karampinos DC, Weidlich D, Wu M, Hu HH, Franz D. Techniques and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Studying Brown Adipose Tissue Morphometry and Function. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:299-324. [PMID: 30099625 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present review reports on the current knowledge and recent findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) of brown adipose tissue (BAT). The work summarizes the features and mechanisms that allow MRI to differentiate BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT) by making use of their distinct morphological appearance and the functional characteristics of BAT. MR is a versatile imaging modality with multiple contrast mechanisms as potential candidates in the study of BAT, targeting properties of 1H, 13C, or 129Xe nuclei. Techniques for assessing BAT morphometry based on fat fraction and markers of BAT microstructure, including intermolecular quantum coherence and diffusion imaging, are first described. Techniques for assessing BAT function based on the measurement of BAT metabolic activity, perfusion, oxygenation, and temperature are then presented. The application of the above methods in studies of BAT in animals and humans is described, and future directions in MR study of BAT are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dominik Weidlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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24
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Yokoo T, Serai SD, Pirasteh A, Bashir MR, Hamilton G, Hernando D, Hu HH, Hetterich H, Kühn JP, Kukuk GM, Loomba R, Middleton MS, Obuchowski NA, Song JS, Tang A, Wu X, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB. Linearity, Bias, and Precision of Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurements by Using MR Imaging: A Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2018; 286:486-498. [PMID: 28892458 PMCID: PMC5813433 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the linearity, bias, and precision of hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measurements by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging across different field strengths, imager manufacturers, and reconstruction methods. Materials and Methods This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic literature search identified studies that evaluated the linearity and/or bias of hepatic PDFF measurements by using MR imaging (hereafter, MR imaging-PDFF) against PDFF measurements by using colocalized MR spectroscopy (hereafter, MR spectroscopy-PDFF) or the precision of MR imaging-PDFF. The quality of each study was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy 2 tool. De-identified original data sets from the selected studies were pooled. Linearity was evaluated by using linear regression between MR imaging-PDFF and MR spectroscopy-PDFF measurements. Bias, defined as the mean difference between MR imaging-PDFF and MR spectroscopy-PDFF measurements, was evaluated by using Bland-Altman analysis. Precision, defined as the agreement between repeated MR imaging-PDFF measurements, was evaluated by using a linear mixed-effects model, with field strength, imager manufacturer, reconstruction method, and region of interest as random effects. Results Twenty-three studies (1679 participants) were selected for linearity and bias analyses and 11 studies (425 participants) were selected for precision analyses. MR imaging-PDFF was linear with MR spectroscopy-PDFF (R2 = 0.96). Regression slope (0.97; P < .001) and mean Bland-Altman bias (-0.13%; 95% limits of agreement: -3.95%, 3.40%) indicated minimal underestimation by using MR imaging-PDFF. MR imaging-PDFF was precise at the region-of-interest level, with repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of 2.99% and 4.12%, respectively. Field strength, imager manufacturer, and reconstruction method each had minimal effects on reproducibility. Conclusion MR imaging-PDFF has excellent linearity, bias, and precision across different field strengths, imager manufacturers, and reconstruction methods. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article. An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on October 2, 2017.
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25
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Bailey SS, Youssfi M, Patel M, Hu HH, Shaibi GQ, Towbin RB. Shear-wave ultrasound elastography of the liver in normal-weight and obese children. Acta Radiol 2017; 58:1511-1518. [PMID: 28286981 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117695668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The identification and subsequent management of liver diseases in children is challenging due to the lack of non-invasive imaging biomarkers. Ultrasound shear-wave elastography (US-SWE) is an emerging imaging technique which can quantitatively assess liver stiffness and may be useful as a tool in the management of liver disease in overweight and obese children. Purpose To evaluate US-SWE velocities of the liver in normal-weight and obese children, to correlate US-SWE findings with age and body-mass-index (BMI), and to compare US-SWE values with qualitative assessment (i.e. normal versus abnormal echogenicity) of the liver by conventional US. Material and Methods A cohort of 300 children (mean age, 9.9 ± 5.3 years; age range, 0.06-18.9 years) were studied, comprising 176 normal-weight and 124 obese participants. In each patient, both US-SWE and conventional US of the liver were obtained. Three pediatric radiologists individually and in consensus determined whether liver parenchyma was of normal or abnormal echogenicity. Results US-SWE velocities differed between normal-weight and obese children (1.08 ± 0.14 versus 1.44 ± 0.39 m/s; P < 0.001), but not by gender. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated US-SWE velocity to be primarily associated with age in normal-weight children ( P < 0.05) and with BMI in obese children ( P < 0.001). In the obese group, mean US-SWE velocity was statistically higher in participants with abnormal echogenic livers than in those with normal-appearing livers (1.53 ± 0.38 vs. 1.17 ± 0.27). The difference was not significant in the normal-weight group. Conclusion US-SWE provides a useful quantitative imaging biomarker for evaluating liver stiffness in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sane Bailey
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mostafa Youssfi
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mittun Patel
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Richard B Towbin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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26
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Pokorney AL, Chia JM, Pfeifer CM, Miller JH, Hu HH. Improved fat-suppression homogeneity with mDIXON turbo spin echo (TSE) in pediatric spine imaging at 3.0 T. Acta Radiol 2017; 58:1386-1394. [PMID: 28165290 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117690424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Robust fat suppression remains essential in clinical MRI to improve tissue signal contrast, minimize fat-related artifacts, and enhance image quality. Purpose To compare fat suppression between mDIXON turbo spin echo (TSE) and conventional frequency-selective and inversion-recovery methods in pediatric spine MRI. Material and Methods Images from T1-weighted (T1W) and T2-weighted (T2W) TSE sequences coupled with conventional methods and the mDIXON technique were compared in 36 patients (5.8 ± 5.4 years) at 3.0 T. Images from 42 pairs of T1W (n = 16) and T2W (n = 26) scans were acquired. Two radiologists reviewed the data and rated images using a three-point scale in two categories, including the uniformity of fat suppression and overall diagnostic image quality. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the scores. Results The Cohen's kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.83). Images from mDIXON TSE were considered superior in fat suppression ( P < 0.01) in 22 (rater 1) and 25 (rater 2) cases, respectively. In 13 (rater 1) and 11 (rater 2) cases, mDIXON TSE demonstrated improved diagnostic image quality ( P < 0.01). In three cases, fat suppression was superior using inversion-recovery and likewise in one case mDIXON had poorer image diagnostic quality. Lastly, mDIXON and conventional fat-suppression methods performed similarly in 17 (rater 1) and 14 (rater 2) cases, and yielded equal diagnostic image quality in 28 (rater 1) and 30 (rater 2) cases. Conclusion Robust fat suppression can be achieved with mDixon TSE pediatric spine imaging at 3.0 T and should be considered as a permanent replacement of traditional methods, in particular frequency-selective techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Pokorney
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Cory M Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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27
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Soltero EG, Konopken YP, Olson ML, Keller CS, Castro FG, Williams AN, Patrick DL, Ayers S, Hu HH, Sandoval M, Pimentel J, Knowler WC, Frick KD, Shaibi GQ. Preventing diabetes in obese Latino youth with prediabetes: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:261. [PMID: 28302101 PMCID: PMC5353870 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obese Latino adolescents are disproportionately impacted by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and represents a critical opportunity for intervention. However, to date, no diabetes prevention studies have been conducted in obese Latino youth with prediabetes, a highly vulnerable and underserved group. Therefore, we propose a randomized-controlled trial to test the short-term (6-month) and long-term (12-month) efficacy of a culturally-grounded, lifestyle intervention, as compared to usual care, for improving glucose tolerance and reducing diabetes risk in 120 obese Latino adolescents with prediabetes. Methods Participants will be randomized to a lifestyle intervention or usual care group. Participants in the intervention group will attend weekly nutrition and wellness sessions and physical activity sessions twice a week for six months, followed by three months of booster sessions. The overall approach of the intervention is framed within a multilevel Ecodevelopmental model that leverages community, family, peer, and individual factors during the critical transition period of adolescence. The intervention is also guided by Social Cognitive Theory and employs key behavioral modification strategies to enhance self-efficacy and foster social support for making and sustaining healthy behavior changes. We will test intervention effects on quality of life, explore the potential mediating effects of changes in body composition, total, regional, and organ fat on improving glucose tolerance and increasing insulin sensitivity, and estimate the initial incremental cost effectiveness of the intervention as compared with usual care for improving glucose tolerance. Discussion The proposed trial builds upon extant collaborations of a transdisciplinary team of investigators working in concert with local community agencies to address critical gaps in how diabetes prevention interventions for obese Latino youth are developed, implemented and evaluated. This innovative approach is an essential step in the development of scalable, cost-effective, solution oriented programs to prevent type 2 diabetes in this and other populations of high-risk youth. Trial Registration NCT02615353, registered on June 8, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G Soltero
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Yolanda P Konopken
- Family Wellness Program, Virginia G. Piper, St. Vincent de Paul Medical and Dental Clinic, 1730 E. Monroe Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85034, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Colleen S Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Felipe G Castro
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Allison N Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Seattle Quality of Life Group, Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Matthew Sandoval
- Valley of the Sun YMCA, 350 N. 1st Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85003, USA
| | - Janiel Pimentel
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 North 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, 100 International Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA. .,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA.
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Soltero EG, Konopken YP, Olson ML, Keller CS, Castro FG, Williams AN, Patrick DL, Ayers S, Hu HH, Sandoval M, Pimentel J, Knowler WC, Frick KD, Shaibi GQ. Preventing diabetes in obese Latino youth with prediabetes: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2017. [PMID: 28302101 DOI: 10.1186/s12889‐017‐4174‐2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese Latino adolescents are disproportionately impacted by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and represents a critical opportunity for intervention. However, to date, no diabetes prevention studies have been conducted in obese Latino youth with prediabetes, a highly vulnerable and underserved group. Therefore, we propose a randomized-controlled trial to test the short-term (6-month) and long-term (12-month) efficacy of a culturally-grounded, lifestyle intervention, as compared to usual care, for improving glucose tolerance and reducing diabetes risk in 120 obese Latino adolescents with prediabetes. METHODS Participants will be randomized to a lifestyle intervention or usual care group. Participants in the intervention group will attend weekly nutrition and wellness sessions and physical activity sessions twice a week for six months, followed by three months of booster sessions. The overall approach of the intervention is framed within a multilevel Ecodevelopmental model that leverages community, family, peer, and individual factors during the critical transition period of adolescence. The intervention is also guided by Social Cognitive Theory and employs key behavioral modification strategies to enhance self-efficacy and foster social support for making and sustaining healthy behavior changes. We will test intervention effects on quality of life, explore the potential mediating effects of changes in body composition, total, regional, and organ fat on improving glucose tolerance and increasing insulin sensitivity, and estimate the initial incremental cost effectiveness of the intervention as compared with usual care for improving glucose tolerance. DISCUSSION The proposed trial builds upon extant collaborations of a transdisciplinary team of investigators working in concert with local community agencies to address critical gaps in how diabetes prevention interventions for obese Latino youth are developed, implemented and evaluated. This innovative approach is an essential step in the development of scalable, cost-effective, solution oriented programs to prevent type 2 diabetes in this and other populations of high-risk youth. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02615353, registered on June 8, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G Soltero
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Yolanda P Konopken
- Family Wellness Program, Virginia G. Piper, St. Vincent de Paul Medical and Dental Clinic, 1730 E. Monroe Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85034, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Colleen S Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Felipe G Castro
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Allison N Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Seattle Quality of Life Group, Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Matthew Sandoval
- Valley of the Sun YMCA, 350 N. 1st Avenue, Phoenix, AZ, 85003, USA
| | - Janiel Pimentel
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 North 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, 100 International Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N. 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 East Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA. .,Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004-0693, USA.
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Pokorney AL, Miller JH, Hu HH. Comparison of 2D single-shot turbo-spin-echo and spin-echo echo-planar diffusion weighted brain MRI at 3.0 Tesla: preliminary experience in children. Clin Imaging 2016; 42:152-157. [PMID: 28012357 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To qualitatively compare a 2D single-shot turbo-spin-echo (ssTSE) diffusion-weighted imaging MRI technique with a spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) approach in pediatric neuroimaging. METHODS Images were acquired at 3T in 15 patients (10.6±6.0years). A neuroradiologist rated the data based on the severity of image artifacts from air-tissue interfaces and devices such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts and orthodontia, and whether their presence affected diagnostic image quality. RESULTS ssTSE was preferred over SE-EPI in diagnostic image quality and exhibited fewer clinically relevant artifacts (p<0.01). CONCLUSION ssTSE provides superior diffusion-weighted brain images at 3T, particularly in the presence of orthodontia and shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Pokorney
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA..
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Ruschke S, Eggers H, Kooijman H, Diefenbach MN, Baum T, Haase A, Rummeny EJ, Hu HH, Karampinos DC. Correction of phase errors in quantitative water-fat imaging using a monopolar time-interleaved multi-echo gradient echo sequence. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:984-996. [PMID: 27797100 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a phase error correction scheme for monopolar time-interleaved multi-echo gradient echo water-fat imaging that allows accurate and robust complex-based quantification of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF). METHODS A three-step phase correction scheme is proposed to address a) a phase term induced by echo misalignments that can be measured with a reference scan using reversed readout polarity, b) a phase term induced by the concomitant gradient field that can be predicted from the gradient waveforms, and c) a phase offset between time-interleaved echo trains. Simulations were carried out to characterize the concomitant gradient field-induced PDFF bias and the performance estimating the phase offset between time-interleaved echo trains. Phantom experiments and in vivo liver and thigh imaging were performed to study the relevance of each of the three phase correction steps on PDFF accuracy and robustness. RESULTS The simulation, phantom, and in vivo results showed in agreement with the theory an echo time-dependent PDFF bias introduced by the three phase error sources. The proposed phase correction scheme was found to provide accurate PDFF estimation independent of the employed echo time combination. CONCLUSION Complex-based time-interleaved water-fat imaging was found to give accurate and robust PDFF measurements after applying the proposed phase error correction scheme. Magn Reson Med 78:984-996, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Haase
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hu HH, Pokorney A, Towbin RB, Miller JH. Increased signal intensities in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted images: evidence in children undergoing multiple gadolinium MRI exams. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1590-8. [PMID: 27282825 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have suggested residual gadolinium deposition in the brain in subjects undergoing multiple contrast-enhanced MRI exams. These findings have raised some concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) usage and retention in brain tissues. OBJECTIVE To summarize findings of hyperintense brain structures on precontrast T1-weighted images in 21 children undergoing multiple GBCA MRI exams. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study involved 21 patients, each of whom received multiple MRI examinations (range: 5-37 exams) with GBCA over the course of their medical treatment (duration from first to most recent exam: 1.2-12.9 years). The patients were between 0.9 and 14.4 years of age at the time of their first GBCA exam. Regions of interest were drawn in the dentate nucleus and the globus pallidus on 2-D fast spin echo images acquired at 1.5 T. The signal intensities of these two structures were normalized by that of the corpus callosum genu. Signal intensity ratios from these patients were compared to control patients of similar ages who have never received GBCA. RESULTS Signal intensity ratios increased between the first and the most recent MRI exam in all 21 patients receiving GBCA, with an increase of 18.6%±12.7% (range: 0.5% to 47.5%) for the dentate nucleus and 12.4%±7.4% (range: -1.2% to 33.7%) for the globus pallidus (P<0.0001). Signal intensity ratios were also higher in GBCA patients than in controls (P<0.01). The degree of signal intensity enhancement did not correlate with statistical significance to the cumulative number or volume of GBCA administrations each patient received, the patient's age or the elapsed time between the first and most recent GBCA MRI exams. CONCLUSION These results in children are consistent with recent findings in adults, suggesting possible gadolinium deposition in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
| | - Amber Pokorney
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Richard B Towbin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
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Hu HH, Li Z, Pokorney AL, Chia JM, Stefani N, Pipe JG, Miller JH. Assessment of cerebral blood perfusion reserve with acetazolamide using 3D spiral ASL MRI: Preliminary experience in pediatric patients. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 35:132-140. [PMID: 27580517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the clinical feasibility of a new non-Cartesian cylindrically-distributed spiral 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence in pediatric patients in quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to an acetazolamide (ACZ) vasodilator challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRI exams were performed on two 3 Tesla Philips Ingenia systems using 32 channel head coil arrays. After local institutional review board approval, the 3D spiral-based pCASL technique was added to a standard brain MRI exam and evaluated in 13 pediatric patients (average age: 11.7±6.4years, range: 1.4-22.2years). All patients were administered ACZ for clinically indicated reasons. Quantitative whole-brain CBF measurements were computed pre- and post-ACZ to assess cerebrovascular reserve. RESULTS 3D spiral pCASL data were successfully reconstructed in all 13 cases. In 11 patients, CBF increased 2.8% to 93.2% after administration of ACZ. In the two remaining patients, CBF decreased by 2.4 to 6.0% after ACZ. The group average change in CBF due to ACZ was approximately 25.0% and individual changes were statistically significant (p<0.01) in all patients using a paired t-test analysis. CBF perfusion data were diagnostically useful in supporting conventional MR angiography and clinical findings. CONCLUSION 3D cylindrically-distributed spiral pCASL MRI provides a robust approach to assess cerebral blood flow and reserve in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Keller Center for Imaging Innovation, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Amber L Pokorney
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - James G Pipe
- Keller Center for Imaging Innovation, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Chen M, Qu BX, Chen XL, Hu HH, Jiang HD, Yu LS, Zhou Q, Zeng S. Construction of HEK293 cells stably expressing wild-type organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1*1a) and variant OATP1B1*1b and OATP1B1*15. Pharmazie 2016; 71:337-339. [PMID: 27455553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A transgenic cell line stably expressing the human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1) was established. Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line stably expressing OATP1B1*1a sequence was amplified through PCR with the extracted total RNA as templates from human liver, then subcloned into the plasmid pMD19-T and verified by sequencing. OATP1B1*1b/OATP1B1*15 mutant sequences were obtained by site-directed mutation PCR with pMD19-T/ OATP1B1*1a as templates. The plasmids pcDNA3.1(+)/OATP1B1*1a, *1b and *15 were constructed and transfected into HEK293 cell line using Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent. Several stable transfected clones were obtained after selection with G418. Using rosuvastatin as a probe substrate of OATP1B1, the intracellular rosuvastatin accumulation in HEK293 and HEK-OATP1B1*1a, *1b and *15 monoclone cells were validated by a ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OATP1B1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results from RT-PCR, rosuvastatin uptake and Western blot assay indicated that human OATP1B1 was highly expressed in transfected cells compared with controls. The HEK-293 cell lines stably expressing human OATP1B1-wild and variant (HEK-OATP1B1, *1b and *15) are potential models to study drug transport in vitro.
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Miller JH, Hu HH, Pokorney A, Cornejo P, Towbin R. MRI Brain Signal Intensity Changes of a Child During the Course of 35 Gadolinium Contrast Examinations. Pediatrics 2015; 136:e1637-40. [PMID: 26574593 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the observed and quantitative signal intensity changes in the brain on baseline precontrast T1-weighted MRI data of a pediatric patient who received 35 MRI examinations with gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) between the ages of 8 and 20 years. The contrast agent this patient received belongs to a class of agents with linear molecular structures, which has been recently investigated in studies of gadolinium deposition in the brains of adult patients. Visual changes in signal intensity were assessed by 3 pediatric neuroradiologists, and progressive increases were the most evident in the dentate nuclei, the globus pallidus, and the thalamus. Quantitative measurements as determined from signal intensity ratios confirmed visual findings. The pattern of regional brain hyperintensity observed in this pediatric patient is consistent with findings from adult studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Miller
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Amber Pokorney
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Patricia Cornejo
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Richard Towbin
- Department of Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Li Z, Hu HH, Miller JH, Karis JP, Cornejo P, Wang D, Pipe JG. A Spiral Spin-Echo MR Imaging Technique for Improved Flow Artifact Suppression in T1-Weighted Postcontrast Brain Imaging: A Comparison with Cartesian Turbo Spin-Echo. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:642-7. [PMID: 26611994 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A challenge with the T1-weighted postcontrast Cartesian spin-echo and turbo spin-echo brain MR imaging is the presence of flow artifacts. Our aim was to develop a rapid 2D spiral spin-echo sequence for T1-weighted MR imaging with minimal flow artifacts and to compare it with a conventional Cartesian 2D turbo spin-echo sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1-weighted brain imaging was performed in 24 pediatric patients. After the administration of intravenous gadolinium contrast agent, a reference Cartesian TSE sequence with a scanning time of 2 minutes 30 seconds was performed, followed by the proposed spiral spin-echo sequence with a scanning time of 1 minutes 18 seconds, with similar spatial resolution and volumetric coverage. The results were reviewed independently and blindly by 3 neuroradiologists. Scores from a 3-point scale were assigned in 3 categories: flow artifact reduction, subjective preference, and lesion conspicuity, if any. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to evaluate the reviewer scores. The t test was used to evaluate the SNR. The Fleiss κ coefficient was calculated to examine interreader agreement. RESULTS In 23 cases, spiral spin-echo was scored over Cartesian TSE in flow artifact reduction (P < .001). In 21 cases, spiral spin-echo was rated superior in subjective preference (P < .001). Ten patients were identified with lesions, and no statistically significant difference in lesion conspicuity was observed between the 2 sequences. There was no statistically significant difference in SNR between the 2 techniques. The Fleiss κ coefficient was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.93). CONCLUSIONS The proposed spiral spin-echo pulse sequence provides postcontrast images with minimal flow artifacts at a faster scanning time than its Cartesian TSE counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- From the Departments of Imaging Research (Z.L., D.W., J.G.P.)
| | - H H Hu
- Department of Radiology (H.H.H., J.H.M., P.C.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - J H Miller
- Department of Radiology (H.H.H., J.H.M., P.C.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - J P Karis
- Radiology (J.P.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - P Cornejo
- Department of Radiology (H.H.H., J.H.M., P.C.), Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - D Wang
- From the Departments of Imaging Research (Z.L., D.W., J.G.P.)
| | - J G Pipe
- From the Departments of Imaging Research (Z.L., D.W., J.G.P.)
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to clone the isoflavone synthase (IFS) gene and establish the recombinant Minshan Trifolium pratense. The IFS gene was cloned from the callus of Minshan T. pratense using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The plant expression vector pRI101-AN-IFS was constructed and introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, and then screened under cephalosporin. IFS expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The IFS gene was cloned successfully. Sequence analysis indicated that IFS gene had high homology with similar genes from other plants. The IFS-overexpressing callus was obtained by introducing the LBA4404-harboring IFS-pRI101-AN-IFS vector into T. pratense calluses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Sanquan School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - C Q Jing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - R Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Sanquan School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - W D Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Sanquan School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - H G Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Abstract
As part of a current worldwide effort to understand the physiology of human BAT (hBAT) and whether its thermogenic activity can be manipulated to treat obesity, the workshop "Exploring the Roles of Brown Fat in Humans" was convened at the National Institutes of Health on February 25-26, 2014. Presentations and discussion indicated that hBAT and its physiological roles are highly complex, and research is needed to understand the health impact of hBAT beyond thermogenesis and body weight regulation, and to define its interactions with core physiological processes like glucose homeostasis, cachexia, physical activity, bone structure, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Cypess
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carol R Haft
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Maren R Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat during adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold temperature. Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors, type 2 deiodinase, and TSH receptors are present on brown adipocytes, indicating that the thyroid axis regulates BAT. It is unknown whether absent TH in humans would down-regulate development of BAT and its thermogenic function. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine BAT by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infrared thermal imaging (IRT) in a pediatric patient with severe primary hypothyroidism before and after TH treatment. DESIGN/SETTING This study was a case report with longitudinal follow-up in a tertiary center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BAT fat fraction (FF) by MRI and skin temperature by IRT were measured. RESULTS An 11.5-year-old female was severely hypothyroid (TSH, 989 μIU/mL; free T4, 0.10 ng/dL; low thyroglobulin, 3.0 ng/mL). Low MRI measures of FF (56.1% ± 3.7%) indicated that BAT was abundantly present in the supraclavicular fossa. IRT showed higher supraclavicular temperature (36.0°C ±0.16°C) than the suprasternal area (34.3°C ± 0.19°C). After 2 months of TH replacement, she was euthyroid (TSH, 4.3 μIU/mL; free T4, 1.49 ng/dL; T3, 102 ng/dL) at which time supraclavicular BAT decreased (increased FF 60.7% ± 3.8%). IRT showed a higher, more homogeneous skin temperature throughout the upper thorax (supraclavicular, 37.1°C ± 0.23°C; suprasternal, 36.4°C ± 0.13°C). The overall size of the supraclavicular fat depot decreased from 84.79 cm(3) to 41.21 cm(3). CONCLUSIONS These findings document the presence of BAT and thermogenesis in profound hypothyroidism and suggest a role for TSH and/or TRH as a potential regulator of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S Kim
- Department of Pediatrics (M.S.K., M.E.G., V.G.), Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., M.E.G.), and Department of Radiology (H.H.H., P.C.A., V.G.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles; and The Saban Research Institute (M.S.K., H.H.H., M.E.G., V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
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Kong LM, Xu SY, Hu HH, Zhou H, Jiang HD, Yu LS, Zeng S. Identification of CYP2C19 inhibitors from phytochemicals using the recombinant human enzyme model. Pharmazie 2014; 69:362-366. [PMID: 24855828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop the recombinant insect cell-expressed protein as an in vitro model for inhibitors screening for human cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), and to use the model to investigate the inhibition effect of three phytochemicals on CYP2C19 in vitro. Omeprazole was applied as the probe substrate. The estimated inhibitory constant (K(i)) of ticlopidine and fluvoxamine were 0.64 +/- 0.025 microM and 0.29 +/- 0.090 microM, respectively. After co-incubation with ticlopidine or fluvoxamine, the mean omeprazole Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) increased from 4.99 +/- 0.22 microM to 16.25 +/- 1.22 microM or 19.20 +/- 1.73 microM, respectively, while omeprazole's mean V(max) did not vary much. Both ticlopidine and fluvoxamine were competitive inhibitors of CYP2C19. The IC50 of three phytochemicals, isoalantolactone, curcumol and schisandrin A was determined as 38.91 microM, 121.0 microM and 86.41 microM, and the K(i) as 5.02 +/- 1.04 microM, 35.84 +/- 8.95 microM, and 4.46 +/- 0.017 microM, respectively. The in vitro model for inhibitor screening established using recombinant CYP2C19 could be used to assess the inhibition potential of drug candidates. Isoalantolactone and schisandrin A are potent inhibitors of CYP2C19, while curcumol is a moderate potent inhibitor of CYP2C19.
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Ho KY, Hu HH, Colletti PM, Powers CM. Recreational runners with patellofemoral pain exhibit elevated patella water content. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:965-8. [PMID: 24906520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased bone water content resulting from repetitive patellofemoral joint overloading has been suggested to be a possible mechanism underlying patellofemoral pain (PFP). To date, it remains unknown whether persons with PFP exhibit elevated bone water content. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recreational runners with PFP exhibit elevated patella water content when compared to pain-free controls. Ten female recreational runners with a diagnosis of PFP (22 to 39years of age) and 10 gender, age, weight, height, and activity matched controls underwent chemical-shift-encoded water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify patella water content (i.e., water-signal fraction). Differences in bone water content of the total patella, lateral aspect of the patella, and medial aspect of the patella were compared between groups using independent t tests. Compared with the control group, the PFP group demonstrated significantly greater total patella bone water content (15.4±3.5% vs. 10.3±2.1%; P=0.001), lateral patella water content (17.2±4.2% vs. 11.5±2.5%; P=0.002), and medial patella water content (13.2±2.7% vs. 8.4±2.3%; P<0.001). The higher patella water content observed in female runners with PFP is suggestive of venous engorgement and elevated extracellular fluid. In turn, this may lead to an increase in intraosseous pressure and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Ho
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M Colletti
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Powers
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wren TAL, Ponrartana S, Van Speybroeck A, Ryan DD, Chia JM, Hu HH. Heterogeneity of muscle fat infiltration in children with spina bifida. Res Dev Disabil 2014; 35:215-222. [PMID: 24169376 PMCID: PMC3873476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Children with spina bifida have well recognized functional deficits of muscle, but little is known about the associated changes in muscle anatomy and composition. This study used water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure fat infiltration in the lower extremity muscles of 11 children with myelomeningocele, the most severe form of spina bifida. MRI measurements of muscle fat fraction (FF) were compared against manual muscle test (MMT) scores for muscle strength. The FF measurements were objective and reliable with mean inter-rater differences of <2% and intraclass correlation coefficients>0.98. There was a significant inverse relationship between muscle FF and MMT scores (P ≤ 0.001). Surprisingly, however, muscles with negligible strength (MMT 0-1) exhibited a bimodal distribution of FF with one group having FF>70% and another group having FF<20%. The MRI also revealed striking heterogeneity amongst individual muscles in the same muscle group (e.g., 4% fat in one participant's lateral gastrocnemius vs. 88% in her medial gastrocnemius), as well as significant asymmetry in FF in one participant with asymmetric strength and sensation. These results suggest that quantitative water-fat MRI may serve as a biomarker for muscle degeneration which may reveal subclinical changes useful for predicting functional potential and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tishya A L Wren
- Children's Orthopaedic Center and Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States.
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Abstract
Although increased bone water content resulting from repetitive patellofemoral joint loading has been suggested to be a possible mechanism underlying patellofemoral pain (PFP), there is little data to support this mechanism. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether running results in increases in patella water content and pain and whether 48 hours of rest reduces patella water content and pain to pre-running levels. Ten female runners with a diagnosis of PFP (mean age 25.1 years) participated. Patella water content was quantified using a chemical-shift-encoded water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify subjects' pain levels. MRI and pain data were obtained prior to running, immediately following a 40-minute running session, and 48 hours post-running. Pain and patella water content were compared among the 3 time points using one-way ANOVA's with repeated measures. Immediately post-running, persons with PFP reported significant increases in pain and exhibited elevated patella water content. Pain and patella water content decreased to pre-running levels following 48 hours of rest. Our findings suggest that transient changes in patella water content associated with running may, in part, contribute to patellofemoral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Ho
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Nevada , Las Vegas , Nevada , USA
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Hu HH, Wu TW, Yin L, Kim MS, Chia JM, Perkins TG, Gilsanz V. MRI detection of brown adipose tissue with low fat content in newborns with hypothermia. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 32:107-17. [PMID: 24239336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the observation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with low fat content in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after they have undergone hypothermia therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The local ethics committee approved the imaging study. Ten HIE neonates (3 males, 7 females, age range: 2-3days) were studied on a 3-T MRI system using a low-flip-angle (3°) six-echo proton-density-weighted chemical-shift-encoded water-fat pulse sequence. Fat-signal fraction (FF) measurements of supraclavicular and interscapular (nape) BAT and adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WAT) were compared to those from five non-HIE neonates, two recruited for the present investigation and three from a previous study. RESULTS In HIE neonates, the FF range for the supraclavicular, interscapular, and subcutaneous regions was 10.3%-29.9%, 28.0%-57.9%, and 62.6%-88.0%, respectively. In non-HIE neonates, the values were 23.7%-42.2% (p=0.01), 45.4%-59.5% (p=0.06), and 67.8%-86.3% (p=0.38), respectively. On an individual basis, supraclavicular BAT FF was consistently the lowest, interscapular BAT values were higher, and subcutaneous WAT values were the highest (p<0.01). CONCLUSION We speculate that hypothermia therapy in HIE neonates likely promotes BAT-mediated non-shivering thermogenesis, which subsequently leads to a depletion of the tissue's intracellular fat stores. We believe that this is consequently reflected in lower FF values, particularly in the supraclavicular BAT depot, in contrast to non-HIE neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tai-Wei Wu
- Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Larry Yin
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mimi S Kim
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Luo S, Romero A, Adam TC, Hu HH, Monterosso J, Page KA. Abdominal fat is associated with a greater brain reward response to high-calorie food cues in Hispanic women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2029-36. [PMID: 23408738 PMCID: PMC3659193 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to high-calorie foods may promote overeating by stimulating brain reward pathways and appetite. Abdominal fat has particularly adverse metabolic consequences and may alter brain pathways that regulate feeding behavior. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to test the hypothesis that high-calorie food cues activate brain reward regions and increase appetite, and to examine the relationship between abdominal fat and brain reward responsiveness in Hispanic women. DESIGN AND METHODS fMRI was performed while 13 volunteers viewed 12 blocks of pictures of food and non-food items. Participants rated hunger and food desire after each block of pictures. Brain activation to high-calorie foods was determined by calculating a contrast of high-calorie food minus non-food images. Pearson's correlations were used to test the relationship between brain reward activation and waist circumference. RESULTS High-calorie food images activated brain reward regions (Z > 2.3, P < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons) and increased hunger (P = 0.001), desire for sweet (P = 0.012) and savory (P = 0.009) foods. The striatal response to high-calorie foods positively correlated with waist circumference, independent of BMI (r = 0.621, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to high-calorie food images activates brain reward pathways and increases appetitive drive in Hispanic females. Abdominal fat, independent of BMI, parallels striatal responsiveness to high-calorie food images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Ana Romero
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology Division Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Tanja C. Adam
- Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University
| | - Houchun H. Hu
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | | | - Kathleen A. Page
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology Division Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Hu HH, Su C, Jiang Y, Yu LS, Liu Y, Tian Y, Xu SY, Zhou H, He X, Jiang HD, Zeng S. Construction and application of double-transfected cells expressing the human transporter P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4. Pharmazie 2013; 68:816-820. [PMID: 24273886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are known to influence oral bioavailabilities of drugs. Recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.1/Hypgro/CYP3A4 were transfected into MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells to construct the single-transfected cell line MDCK-CYP3A4 and double-transfected cell line MDCK-MDR1/CYP3A4. The expression of CYP3A4 in the double-transfected cell line was determined by Western blot and its activity was detected by the metabolism assays of three substrates of CYP3A4, which were 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoro-methylcoumarin (BFC), testosterone and midazolam. In addition, the selection of monoclones with high CYP3A4 activities in the single-tranfected cell line was performed by the P450 Glo CYP3A4 assay. Through MTT assay, the interaction between P-gp and CYP3A4 was preliminarily determined based on the changes of IC50 values. The results showed that paclitaxel detoxified in the single-transfected MDCK-MDR1 cell because of P-gp efflux. And it was also less toxic in the single-transfected CYP3A4 cell line due to the metabolism by CYP3A4. In the double-transfected MDCK-MDR1/CYP3A4 cell line, the toxicity decreased dramatically because of the interplay between P-gp and CYP3A4. Therefore, the cell model could be applied to study the toxicity and detoxification of chemicals due to the metabolism by CYP3A4 and the efflux through P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Hu HH, Yin L, Aggabao PC, Perkins TG, Chia JM, Gilsanz V. Comparison of brown and white adipose tissues in infants and children with chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H. Hu
- Department of Radiology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Larry Yin
- Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Patricia C. Aggabao
- Department of Radiology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | | | | | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Department of Radiology; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Departments of Radiology; Los Angeles California
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
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Smith DL, Yang Y, Hu HH, Zhai G, Nagy TR. Measurement of interscapular brown adipose tissue of mice in differentially housed temperatures by chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:1425-33. [PMID: 23580443 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine differences in fat-signal fraction (FF) from chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI of interscapular BAT in mice housed at different ambient temperatures (Ta ). MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J male mice (8 weeks old) were singly housed at 16°C, 23°C, or 30°C (n = 16/group) for 4 weeks. Measures included food intake, body weight (both measured weekly) and body composition (at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks post-thermal exposure); chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI was performed on a 9.4 Tesla Bruker magnet with respiratory gating and anesthesia at 4 weeks post-thermal exposure. RESULTS A significant inverse relationship between food intake and Ta was evidenced (P < 0.0001). Lean mass was similar among groups, while total fat mass was significantly different among groups ([mean ± SE]: 30°C = 5.10 ± 0.19 g; 23°C = 4.18 ± 0.16 g; 16°C = 3.48 ± 0.54 g; P < 0.0001). Mean BAT-FF was positively related to Ta (means: 30°C = 79.4%; 23°C = 61.8%; 16°C = 50.9%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These cross-sectional results demonstrate that MRI measurement of FF within the interscapular BAT in mice reflects recent functional status of the tissue, with a lower Ta leading to a significantly reduced BAT-FF, indicative of the tissue's involvement in thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Diabetes Research Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Toledo-Corral CM, Alderete TL, Hu HH, Nayak K, Esplana S, Liu T, Goran MI, Weigensberg MJ. Ectopic fat deposition in prediabetic overweight and obese minority adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:1115-21. [PMID: 23386647 PMCID: PMC3590481 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Optimizing effective prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth is limited by incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology and how this varies across ethnicities with high risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), hepatic fat fraction (HFF), and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) to prediabetes in overweight/obese African American (AA) and Latino youth. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study in an academic pediatric care facility. SUBJECTS A total of 148 healthy, overweight/obese adolescents (56 AA, 92 Latino; 72 males, 76 females; age, 15.5 ± 1.2 y; BMI z-score, 2.1 ± 0.5) participated in the study. They were normal glucose tolerant (n = 106) and prediabetic (n = 42), based on fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and/or 2-hour glucose of 140-199 mg/dL, and/or hemoglobin A1C 6.0-6.4%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured sc abdominal adipose tissue, VAT, HFF, and PFF by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and measured total body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Adolescents with prediabetes had 30% higher HFF (P = .001) and 31% higher PFF (P = .042), compared to those with normal glucose tolerance after controlling for age, sex, pubertal stage, ethnicity, total percentage body fat, and VAT. Logistic regression showed that PFF predicted prediabetes in AAs and HFF predicted prediabetes in Latinos, with the odds of having prediabetes increased by 66% for every 1% increase in PFF in African Americans, and increased by 22% for every 1% increase in HFF in Latinos. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that ectopic fat phenotypes associated with prediabetes are established by adolescence. Ethnic differences in the deposition of ectopic fat in adolescents with prediabetes may differ, with pancreatic fat in AAs, vs hepatic fat in Latino adolescents, being associated with diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Toledo-Corral
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 200, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Hu HH, Yin L, Aggabao PC, Perkins TG, Chia JM, Gilsanz V. Comparison of brown and white adipose tissues in infants and children with chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:885-96. [PMID: 23440739 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare fat-signal fractions (FFs) and T2* values between brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissue located within the supraclavicular fossa and subcutaneous depots, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve infants and 39 children were studied. Children were divided into lean and overweight/obese subgroups. Chemical-shift-encoded water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify FFs and T2* metrics in the supraclavicular and adjacent subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Linear regression and t-tests were performed. RESULTS Infants had lower supraclavicular FFs than children (P < 0.01) but T2* values were similar (P = 0.5). Lean children exhibited lower supraclavicular FFs and T2* values than overweight children (P < 0.01). In each individual infant and child, supraclavicular FFs were consistently lower than adjacent subcutaneous FFs. Supraclavicular T2* values were consistently lower than subcutaneous T2* values in children, but not in infants. FFs in both depots were positively correlated with age and weight in infants (P < 0.01). In children, they were correlated with weight and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01), but not age. Correlations between T2* and anthropometric variables existed in children (P < 0.01), but were absent in infants. CONCLUSION Cross-sectional comparisons suggest variations in FF and T2* values in the supraclavicular and subcutaneous depots of infants and children, which are potentially indicative of physiological differences in adipose tissue fat content, amount, and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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