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Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Miqueleiz A, Egüés N, García Cenoz M, Casado I, Navascués A, Fernández-Huerta M, Echeverría A, Guevara M, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Hospitalisations and Deaths Averted by COVID-19 Vaccination in Navarre, Spain, 2021-2022. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38250871 PMCID: PMC10818920 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2021-2022, most of the Spanish population received COVID-19 vaccines and a high proportion of them had SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the rate of hospitalisations and deaths that were averted by risk reduction among vaccinated COVID-19 cases. Hospitalisations and deaths were analysed among COVID-19 cases confirmed in 2021 and 2022 in Navarre, Spain. To calculate the number of prevented outcomes by sex, age, comorbidities, and semester, the difference in the risk of each outcome between unvaccinated and vaccinated cases was multiplied by the number of vaccinated cases. COVID-19 vaccination coverage with any dose reached 88%, 86% with full vaccination, and 56% with a booster dose. The cumulative rates per 1000 inhabitants were 382 COVID-19 confirmed cases, 6.70 hospitalisations, and 1.15 deaths from COVID-19. The estimated rates of prevented events by vaccination were 16.33 hospitalisations and 3.39 deaths per 1000 inhabitants, which was 70.9% and 74.7% of expected events without vaccination, respectively. People aged 80 years and older or with major chronic conditions accounted for the majority of hospitalizations and deaths prevented by COVID-19 vaccination. One hospitalisation and death due to COVID-19 were averted for every 53 and 258 people vaccinated, respectively. The high COVID-19 vaccine effect in reducing the risk of severe outcomes and the high vaccination coverage in risk populations prevented three out of four hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 during a period of intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Egüés
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Echeverría
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.-B.); (C.T.-S.); (M.G.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Fernández-Caso B, Miqueleiz A, Alarcón T. Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1135. [PMID: 37508231 PMCID: PMC10376898 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is an alarming concern worldwide and Helicobacter pylori, one of the most prevalent bacteria, is not an exception. With antibiotics being its primary therapy, increasing resistance leads to a higher rate of treatment failure. Understanding the genomic mechanisms of resistance to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and rifampicin through next-generation sequencing-based molecular tools, such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), can be of great value, not only to direct a patient's treatment, but also to establish and optimize treatment guidelines according to the local epidemiology and to avoid the use of inappropriate antibiotics. WGS approaches allow us to gain insight into the genomic determinants involved in AMR. To this end, different pipelines and platforms are continuously being developed. In this study, we take a more detailed view of the use and progression of WGS for in-depth study of H. pylori's AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Martínez-Baz I, Miqueleiz A, Egüés N, Casado I, Burgui C, Echeverría A, Navascués A, Fernández-Huerta M, García Cenoz M, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Guevara M, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission among social and household close contacts: A cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:410-417. [PMID: 36724697 PMCID: PMC9876028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccination was expected to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the relevance of this effect remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination of the index cases and their close contacts in reducing the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. METHODS Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated in two cohorts of adult close contacts of COVID-19 confirmed cases (social and household settings) by COVID-19 vaccination status of the index case and the close contact, from April to November 2021 in Navarre, Spain. The effects of vaccination of the index case and the close contact were estimated as (1-adjusted relative risk) × 100%. RESULTS Among 19,631 social contacts, 3257 (17%) were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccination of the index case reduced infectiousness by 44% (95% CI, 27-57%), vaccination of the close contact reduced susceptibility by 69% (95% CI, 65-73%), and vaccination of both reduced transmissibility by 74% (95% CI, 70-78%) in social settings, suggesting some synergy of effects. Among 20,708 household contacts, 6269 (30%) were infected, and vaccine effectiveness estimates were 13% (95% CI, -5% to 28%), 61% (95% CI, 58-64%), and 52% (95% CI, 47-56%), respectively. These estimates were lower in older people and had not relevant differences between the Alpha (April-June) and Delta (July-November) variant periods. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination reduces infectiousness and susceptibility; however, these effects are insufficient for complete control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, especially in older people and household setting. Relaxation of preventive behaviors after vaccination may counteract part of the vaccine effect on transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Egüés
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Navascués
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Leyre 15, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Miqueleiz A, Casado I, Navascués A, Burgui C, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J, Guevara M. Risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron BA.1-predominant period, Navarre, Spain, January to March 2022. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200337. [PMID: 36729113 PMCID: PMC9896606 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.5.2200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for cases of the Omicron vs the Delta variant, understanding the effect of vaccination in reducing risk of hospitalisation and severe disease among COVID-19 cases is crucial.AimTo evaluate risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the Omicron BA.1-predominant period in Navarre, Spain.MethodsA case-to-case comparison included COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance data in adults ≥ 18 years from 3 January-20 March 2022. COVID-19 vaccination status was compared between hospitalised and non-hospitalised cases, and between severe (intensive care unit admission or death) and non-severe cases using logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 58,952 COVID-19 cases, 565 (1.0%) were hospitalised and 156 (0.3%) were severe. The risk of hospitalisation was reduced within the first 6 months after full COVID-19 vaccination (complete primary series) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04-0.09) and after 6 months (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.12-0.21; pcomparison < 0.001), as well as after a booster dose (aOR: 0.06: 95% CI: 0.04-0.07). Similarly, the risk of severe disease was reduced (aOR: 0.13, 0.18, and 0.06, respectively). Compared with cases fully vaccinated 6 months or more before a positive test, those who had received a booster dose had lower risk of hospitalisation (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28-0.52) and severe disease (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21-0.68).ConclusionsFull COVID-19 vaccination greatly reduced the risk of hospitalisation and severe outcomes in COVID-19 cases with the Omicron variant, and a booster dose improved this effect in people aged over 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pamplona, Spain,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Miqueleiz A, Guevara M, Fernández-Huerta M, Burgui C, Casado I, Baigorria F, Navascués A, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Comparison of the Risk of Hospitalization and Severe Disease Among Co-circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:332-338. [PMID: 36179126 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compare the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes among co-circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants between January 2021 and May 2022 in Navarra, Spain. METHODS We compared the frequency of hospitalization and severe disease (intensive care unit admission or death) due to COVID-19 among the co-circulating variants. Variants analyzed were nonvariants of concern (non-VOCs), Alpha, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR). RESULTS The Alpha variant had a higher risk of hospitalization (aOR, 1.86 [95 confidence interval {CI}, 1.282.71]) and severe disease (aOR, 2.40 [95 CI, 1.314.40]) than non-VOCs. The Delta variant did not show a significantly different risk of hospitalization (aOR, 0.73 [95 CI, .401.30]) and severe disease (aOR, 3.04 [95 CI, .5716.22]) compared to the Alpha variant. The Omicron BA.1 significantly reduced both risks relative to the Delta variant (aORs, 0.28 [95 CI, .16.47] and 0.23 [95 CI, .12.46], respectively). The Omicron BA.2 reduced the risk of hospitalization compared to BA.1 (aOR, 0.52 [95 CI, .29.95]). CONCLUSIONS The Alpha and Delta variants showed an increased risk of hospitalization and severe disease, which decreased considerably with the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Surveillance of variants can lead to important differences in severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pblica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pblica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pblica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pblica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Navascués
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pblica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pblica, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Fernandez-Caso B, Miqueleiz A, Valdez VB, Alarcón T. Are molecular methods helpful for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for the prediction of its antimicrobial resistance? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:962063. [PMID: 36016780 PMCID: PMC9396220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.962063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections produced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral Gram-negative bacterium, can cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Antibiotic therapy is the most effective treatment for H. pylori infection at present. However, owing to the increasing antibiotic resistance of H. pylori strains, it has become a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infections and its antibiotic resistance markers is of great significance. Conventional microbiological diagnosis of H. pylori is based on culture; however, successful isolation of H. pylori from gastric biopsy specimens is a challenging task affected by several factors and has limitations in terms of the time of response. To improve conventional methods, some molecular techniques, such as PCR, have been recently used in both invasive and non-invasive H. pylori diagnosis, enabling simultaneous detection of H. pylori and point mutations responsible for frequent antibiotic resistance. The advantages and disadvantages of molecular methods, mainly PCR, versus conventional culture for the H. pylori identification and the detection of antibiotic resistance are discussed. As expected, the combination of both diagnostic methods will lead to the most efficient identification of the H. pylori strains and the resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Verónica B. Valdez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Alarcón,
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Castilla J, Lecea Ó, Martín Salas C, Quílez D, Miqueleiz A, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Navascués A, Martínez-Baz I, Casado I, Burgui C, Egüés N, Ezpeleta G, Ezpeleta C. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and risk of COVID-19 in Navarre, Spain, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2200619. [PMID: 35983774 PMCID: PMC9389855 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.33.2200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Navarre, Spain, in May 2022, the seroprevalence of anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 was 58.9% and 92.7%, respectively. The incidence of confirmed COVID-19 thereafter through July was lower in people with anti-N antibodies (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05-0.13) but not with anti-S antibodies (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.47-2.38). Hybrid immunity, including anti-N antibodies induced by natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2, seems essential in preventing Omicron COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Óscar Lecea
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín Salas
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Egüés
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Martínez-Baz I, Casado I, Miqueleiz A, Navascués A, Pozo F, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Albéniz E, Elía F, Burgui C, Fernández-Huerta M, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza in primary care, Navarre, Spain, 2021/22. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35775428 PMCID: PMC9248265 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.26.2200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compared with individuals unvaccinated in the current and three previous influenza seasons, in 2021/22, influenza vaccine effectiveness at primary care level was 37% (95% CI: 16 to 52) for current season vaccination, regardless of previous doses, and 35% (95% CI: −3 to 45) for only previous seasons vaccination. Against influenza A(H3N2), estimates were 39% (95% CI: 16 to 55) and 24% (95% CI: −8 to 47) suggesting moderate effectiveness of current season vaccination and possible remaining effect of prior vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Albéniz
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Elía
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Martínez-Baz I, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Miqueleiz A, Guevara M, Fernández-Huerta M, Burgui C, Casado I, Portillo ME, Navascués A, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Product-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against secondary infection in close contacts, Navarre, Spain, April to August 2021. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34596016 PMCID: PMC8485582 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.39.2100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness by product (two doses Comirnaty, Spikevax or Vaxzevria and one of Janssen), against infection ranged from 50% (95% CI: 42 to 57) for Janssen to 86% (70 to 93) for Vaxzevria-Comirnaty combination; among ≥ 60 year-olds, from 17% (−26 to 45) for Janssen to 68% (48 to 80) for Spikevax; and against hospitalisation from 74% (43 to 88) for Janssen to > 90% for other products. Two doses of vaccine were highly effective against hospitalisation, but suboptimal for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Portillo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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- Other members of the Working Group for the Study of COVID-19 in Navarre are listed in the Investigators tab
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Martínez-Baz I, Miqueleiz A, Casado I, Navascués A, Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Burgui C, Guevara M, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation, Navarre, Spain, January to April 2021. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34047271 PMCID: PMC8161727 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.21.2100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness was evaluated in close contacts of cases diagnosed during January–April 2021. Among 20,961 contacts, 7,240 SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed, with 5,467 being symptomatic and 559 leading to hospitalisations. Non-brand-specific one and two dose vaccine effectiveness were respectively, 35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25 to 44) and 66% (95% CI: 57 to 74) against infections, 42% (95% CI: 31 to 52) and 82% (95% CI: 74 to 88) against symptomatic infection, and 72% (95% CI: 47 to 85) and 95% (95% CI: 62 to 99) against COVID-19 hospitalisation. The second dose significantly increased effectiveness. Findings support continuing complete vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Martínez-Baz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Casado
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Burgui
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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- Members of the working group are listed under the Investigators tab
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11
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Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Navascués A, Miqueleiz A, Ezpeleta C. Evaluation of the rapid antigen test CerTest SARS-CoV-2 as an alternative COVID-19 diagnosis technique. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:730-732. [PMID: 33734934 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1902563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Departament of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Navascués
- Departament of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Departament of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Departament of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Martín D, Barrios A, Domingo D, Sánchez P, Sánchez M, Ruiz-Dassy A, Miqueleiz A, Sanz J. Cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated meningitis caused by Gordonia sputi: case report and review of the literature. Infez Med 2017; 25:174-178. [PMID: 28603239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first known case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt-associated meningitis caused by Gordonia sputi and review published cases of Gordonia CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Barrios
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Domingo
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Sánchez
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Dassy
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Miqueleiz
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sanz
- Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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