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Yang PF, Macdonald RW, Hung H, Muir DC, Kallenborn R, Nikolaev AN, Ma WL, Liu LY, Li YF. Modeling historical budget for β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in the Arctic Ocean: A contrast to α-HCH. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2023; 14:100229. [PMID: 36531934 PMCID: PMC9755237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The historical annual loading to, removal from, and cumulative burden in the Arctic Ocean for β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), an isomer comprising 5-12% of technical HCH, is investigated using a mass balance box model from 1945 to 2020. Over the 76 years, loading occurred predominantly through ocean currents and river inflow (83%) and only a small portion via atmospheric transport (16%). β-HCH started to accumulate in the Arctic Ocean in the late 1940s, reached a peak of 810 t in 1986, and decreased to 87 t in 2020, when its concentrations in the Arctic water and air were ∼30 ng m-3 and ∼0.02 pg m-3, respectively. Even though β-HCH and α-HCH (60-70% of technical HCH) are both the isomers of HCHs with almost identical temporal and spatial emission patterns, these two chemicals have shown different major pathways entering the Arctic. Different from α-HCH with the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) as its major transport pathway, β-HCH reached the Arctic mainly through long-range oceanic transport (LROT). The much higher tendency of β-HCH to partition into the water, mainly due to its much lower Henry's Law Constant than α-HCH, produced an exceptionally strong pathway divergence with β-HCH favoring slow transport in water and α-HCH favoring rapid transport in air. The concentration and burden of β-HCH in the Arctic Ocean are also predicted for the year 2050 when only 4.4-5.3 t will remain in the Arctic Ocean under the influence of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Fei Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Robie W. Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek C.G. Muir
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), NO–1433 As, Norway
| | | | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6X9, Canada
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Li HL, Yang PF, Liu LY, Gong BB, Zhang ZF, Ma WL, Macdonald RW, Nikolaev AN, Li YF. Steady-State Based Model of Airborne Particle/Gas and Settled Dust/Gas Partitioning for Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Indoor Environment. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8373-8383. [PMID: 35635317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), present in the air, airborne particles, settled dust, and other indoor surfaces, can enter the human body through several pathways. Knowing the partitioning between gaseous and particulate phases is important in identifying specific pathway contributions and thereby accurately assessing human exposure. Numerous studies have developed equilibrium equations to predict airborne particle/gas (P/G) partitioning in air (KP) and dust/gas (D/G) partitioning in settled dust (KD). The assumption that P/G and D/G equilibria are instantaneous for airborne and settled dust phases, commonly adopted by current indoor fate models, is not likely valid for compounds with high octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA). Here, we develop steady-state based equations to predict KP and KD in the indoor environment. Results show that these equations perform well and are verified by worldwide monitoring data. It is suggested that instantaneous steady state could work for P/G and D/G partitioning of SVOCs in indoor environments, and the equilibrium is just a special case of the steady state when log KOA < 11.38 for P/G partitioning and log KOA < 10.38 for D/G partitioning. These newly developed equations and methods provide a tool for more accurate assessment for human exposure to SVOCs in the indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pu-Fei Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gong
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institute of Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Anatoly N Nikolaev
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677007, Russia
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy/School of Environment, HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), HIT, Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario M2N 6X9, Canada
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Wieczorek M, Kruse S, Epp LS, Kolmogorov A, Nikolaev AN, Heinrich I, Jeltsch F, Pestryakova LA, Zibulski R, Herzschuh U. Dissimilar responses of larch stands in northern Siberia to increasing temperatures-a field and simulation based study. Ecology 2017; 98:2343-2355. [PMID: 28475233 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arctic and alpine treelines worldwide differ in their reactions to climate change. A northward advance of or densification within the treeline ecotone will likely influence climate-vegetation feedback mechanisms. In our study, which was conducted in the Taimyr Depression in the North Siberian Lowlands, w present a combined field- and model-based approach helping us to better understand the population processes involved in the responses of the whole treeline ecotone, spanning from closed forest to single-tree tundra, to climate warming. Using information on stand structure, tree age, and seed quality and quantity from seven sites, we investigate effects of intra-specific competition and seed availability on the specific impact of recent climate warming on larch stands. Field data show that tree density is highest in the forest-tundra, and average tree size decreases from closed forest to single-tree tundra. Age-structure analyses indicate that the trees in the closed forest and forest-tundra have been present for at least ~240 yr. At all sites except the most southerly ones, past establishment is positively correlated with regional temperature increase. In the single-tree tundra, however, a change in growth form from krummholz to erect trees, beginning ~130 yr ago, rather than establishment date has been recorded. Seed mass decreases from south to north, while seed quantity increases. Simulations with LAVESI (Larix Vegetation Simulator) further suggest that relative density changes strongly in response to a warming signal in the forest-tundra while intra-specific competition limits densification in the closed forest and seed limitation hinders densification in the single-tree tundra. We find striking differences in strength and timing of responses to recent climate warming. While forest-tundra stands recently densified, recruitment is almost non-existent at the southern and northern end of the ecotone due to autecological processes. Palaeo-treelines may therefore be inappropriate to infer past temperature changes at a fine scale. Moreover, a lagged treeline response to past warming will, via feedback mechanisms, influence climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Wieczorek
- Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.,Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Stefan Kruse
- Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.,Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Laura S Epp
- Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Alexei Kolmogorov
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University of Yakutsk, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia
| | - Anatoly N Nikolaev
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University of Yakutsk, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia.,Melnikov Institute of Permafrost SB RAS, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14467, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, D-14195, Germany.,ZALF, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, Müncheberg, D-15374, Germany
| | - Lyudmila A Pestryakova
- Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University of Yakutsk, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia
| | - Romy Zibulski
- Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany.,Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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Bushanskaia NB, Nikolaev AN. [Visual function of pupils of the general schools of Kirovsk (in the Arctic)]. Gig Sanit 1983:79. [PMID: 6222943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Oparin IA, Bushanskaia NB, Nikolaev AN. [Physical development of preschool children in Kirovsk, Murmansk Province]. Gig Sanit 1982:91-2. [PMID: 6210605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Aleksikova RI, Nikolaev AN. [Sexual development of school children]. Pediatriia 1977:59-60. [PMID: 928019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Oparin IA, Aleksikova RI, Bushanskaia NB, Maimulov VG, Nikolaev AN. [Characteristics of dynamic shifts in physical development of children of preschool age in Leningrad]. Pediatriia 1975:70-2. [PMID: 127982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Preobrazhenskaia NN, Rodina AP, Nikolaev AN, Glauér GA. [Shifts in the physical development of Kirovsk students for the past 30 years]. Zdravookhr Ross Fed 1971; 15:23-6. [PMID: 4258949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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