1
|
Carrano G, Arrieta-Aguirre I, Díez A, Bregón-Villahoz M, Fernandez-de-Larrinoa I, Moragues MD. Anti-Candida Antibodies of Patients with Invasive Candidiasis Inhibit Growth, Alter Cell Wall Structure, and Kill Candida albicans In Vitro. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:16. [PMID: 38324097 PMCID: PMC10850236 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC), caused by Candida yeasts, particularly Candida albicans, poses a significant threat with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is challenging due to Candida's common presence in human microbiota. To address this, our research group developed an immunofluorescence assay detecting Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibodies (CAGTA) in IC patients. CAGTA, indicative of invasive processes, is associated with a lower mortality rate in ICU patients. Based on this premise, this study aims to provide results regarding the lack of knowledge about the potential activity of CAGTA against invasive infections in humans caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Therefore, in order to characterize the activity of CAGTA produced by patients with IC, we used sera from 29 patients with IC caused by either C. albicans or non-albicans Candida species. Whole serum IgG antibodies were fractionated into anti-blastospores, CAGTA-enriched, and purified CAGTA and the assessments included XTT colorimetric assays for metabolic activity, CFU counts for viability, and microscopy for growth, viability, and morphological analysis. The CAGTA-enriched IgG fraction significantly reduced the metabolic activity and viability of C. albicans compared to anti-blastospores. Purified CAGTA altered germ tube cell wall surfaces, as revealed by electron microscopy, and exhibited fungicidal properties by DiBAC fluorescent staining. In conclusion, antibodies in response to invasive candidiasis have antifungal activity against Candida albicans, influencing metabolic activity, viability, and cell wall structure, leading to cell death. These findings suggest the potential utility of CAGTA as diagnostic markers and support the possibility of developing immunization protocols against Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carrano
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba, Spain.
| | - Inés Arrieta-Aguirre
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ander Díez
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marta Bregón-Villahoz
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iñigo Fernandez-de-Larrinoa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Moragues
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez LA, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Strain and temperature measurement discrimination with forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. Opt Express 2022; 30:14384-14392. [PMID: 35473182 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel method that enables simultaneous and discriminative measurement of strain and temperature using one single optical fiber is presented. The method is based on the properties of transverse acoustic mode resonances (TAMRs) of the optical fiber. In particular, it is based on the different sensitivity to temperature and strain that exhibit the radial modes R0,m and a family of torsional-radial modes denoted as T R2,m(1). We show that the resonance frequencies of both types of resonances shift linearly with temperature and strain, but at different rates. By the combined use of the different sensitivities of the two families of TAMRs, we experimentally demonstrate discriminative measurements of strain and temperature. A detection limit of strain and temperature better than 25 µε and 0.2 °C is achieved.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sánchez LA, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. High accuracy measurement of Poisson's ratio of optical fibers and its temperature dependence using forward-stimulated Brillouin scattering. Opt Express 2022; 30:42-52. [PMID: 35201193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transverse acoustic mode resonances enable a high accuracy determination of Poisson's ratio and elastic properties of optical fibers. An all-optical pump and probe technique is used for efficient excitation and accurate characterization of both, radial and torsional-radial acoustic resonances of optical fibers. Simple and precise algebraic expressions for the frequencies of high order acoustic resonances are derived, enabling a rigorous analysis of the experimental data using standard least squares fitting. Following this approach, the determination of Poisson's ratio does not require the measurement of any physical length, but only frequency measurements are required. An accuracy better than 1 ‰ is achieved. The dependence of the fiber Poisson's ratio with temperature is also determined experimentally.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cruz JL, Barmenkov YO, Díez A, Andres MV. Measurement of phase and group refractive indices and dispersion of thermo-optic and strain-optic coeffients of optical fibers using weak fiber Bragg gratings. Appl Opt 2021; 60:2824-2832. [PMID: 33798158 DOI: 10.1364/ao.418049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report on the measurement, with record accuracy, of the absolute modal effective refraction index (phase index) of single-mode optical fibers by using Bragg gratings. We also demonstrate a new method to measure the group index of the fibers from the grating's Bragg wavelength. We present as well the characterization of the thermo-optic and strain-optic coefficients as a function of the wavelength; the values we have obtained are the closest to those of pristine fiber measured with gratings technology so far. The phase index is measured with a set of gratings in the wavelength ranges from 1509 to 1563 nm, and the group index is obtained from the wavelength dependence of the phase index. Very weak gratings with reflectivity down to 10-3 have been used in order to minimize the perturbation of the pristine fiber. Results are presented at a temperature of 22°C and zero strain after preliminary calibration of the thermo-optic and strain-optic coefficients as a function of the wavelength. Accuracies better than 3×10-5 and 7×10-4 have been achieved for the phase and group indices, respectively. It is also shown that the main source of error relates to the uncertainty in pitch of the phase masks used for grating inscription. The technique is useful for testing different kinds of fibers including telecommunication, amplifying, and polarization maintaining.
Collapse
|
5
|
Carral F, Jiménez AI, Tomé M, Alvarez J, Díez A, Partida F, Ayala C. Factors associated with negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2020. [PMID: 33246888 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the clinical and biological factors associated with negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was designed in 195 patients (mean age: 59.2±13.0years; 77% woman) with PHPT (calcium: 11.3±1.1mg/dl and PTH: 218±295pg/ml) studied in endocrinology setting between 2013 and 2020. An univariate and multivariate analysis was made to evaluate the clinical and biological factors associated with negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning. RESULTS 50 patients (26%) with negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning had lower PTH levels (146±98 vs. 244±334; p<0.001), adenomas with smaller sonographic dimensions (maximum diameter: 1.2±0.4 vs. 1.7±0.9cm; p=0.001 and volume: 0.36±0.43 vs. 1.7±4.1cm3; p<0.001), localized more frequently in upper parathyroid glands (37% vs. 14%; p=0.005) and associated more frequently to thyroid nodules (72% vs. 57%; p=0.045) than patients with positive scanning. 116 patients were operated and parathyroid adenomas were smaller (maximum diameter: 1.3±0.5 vs. 1.9±1.1cm; p=0.008 and volume: 0.30±0.20 vs. 1.2±1.1cm3; p<0.001), less heavy (567±282 vs. 1470±1374mg; p=0.030) and were localized more frequently in upper situation (65% vs. 16%; p<0.001) than patients with positive scanning. In the multivariate analysis an independent association between negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning and size of removed adenoma ≤1cm (OR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.46-22.71) and upper adenoma localization were observed (OR: 8.05; 95% IC: 2.22-29.16). CONCLUSIONS One in four patients studied for PHPT had a negative 99mTc-MIBI scanning and were independent associated with size of adenoma ≤1cm and upper adenoma localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Carral
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España.
| | - A I Jiménez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| | - M Tomé
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| | - J Alvarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| | - A Díez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| | - F Partida
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
| | - C Ayala
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez LA, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Efficient interrogation method of forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers using a narrow bandwidth long-period grating. Opt Lett 2020; 45:5331-5334. [PMID: 33001886 DOI: 10.1364/ol.402783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new technique, to the best of our knowledge, for the characterization of the effective refractive index modulation in optical fibers due to transverse acoustic mode resonances excited by electrostriction is reported. The resonances excited by an optical pulse are probed by a narrow bandwidth long-period grating (LPG) inscribed in the fiber, which is interrogated by a continuous wave (CW) beam. The LPG used in this experiment has a narrow bandwidth and high sensitivity to small mode index perturbations, allowing the measurement of index variations from below 10-9 to 10-6. Radial and torsional-radial acoustic modes were characterized up to 1.1 GHz. The linewidth of resonances was found to be much shorter than in previous reports in which long fiber lengths are typically required, obtaining Q factors as high as 5000.
Collapse
|
7
|
Loredo-Trejo A, Díez A, Silvestre E, Andrés MV. Broadband tuning of polarization modulation instability in microstructured optical fibers. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4891-4894. [PMID: 32870884 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wideband tuning of strong bands generated through polarization modulation instability (PMI) in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) is reported. Tunability is achieved by exploiting the dependence of the phase-matching condition on the fiber's chromatic dispersion and birefringence, which is particularly sensitive when the fiber is pumped near the zero-dispersion wavelength. MOFs designed to accomplish PMI phase-matching when they are infiltrated with ethanol and pumped at 1064 nm were designed and fabricated. Taking advantage of the large thermo-optic coefficient of ethanol, both chromatic dispersion and birefringence were varied through temperature. Wavelength shifts from 937 nm to 863 nm (anti-Stokes) and from 1231 nm to 1387 nm (Stokes) are demonstrated. Such a tuning range corresponds to a frequency shift between the pump and a PMI sideband ranging from 1274cm-1 to 2189cm-1.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fokkert MJ, van Dijk PR, Edens MA, Díez A, Slingerland RJ, Gans ROB, Delgado E, Bilo HJG. Performance of continuous glucose monitoring devices during intensive exercise conditions in people with diabetes: the Mont Blanc experience. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1204-1205. [PMID: 32003876 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Fokkert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - P R van Dijk
- Diabetes Research Centre, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Edens
- Department of Innovation and Science, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - A Díez
- Hospital del Bierzo, Sección de Endocrinología, Ponferrada, Spain
| | | | - R O B Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - H J G Bilo
- Department of Innovation and Science, Zwolle, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ballesta S, Güerri-Fernández RC, Chillarón JJ, Güell A, Herrera S, Torres E, Ascoeta NG, Flores Le-Roux JA, Díez A. The use of microindentation for the study of bone properties in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:175-180. [PMID: 31641800 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of fracture. In this study, we analysed the bone quality of premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus by microindentation. No differences in bone quality were identified between patients and healthy controls, suggesting that intensive insulin therapy can preserve bone health. PURPOSE To compare the bone quality of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and healthy controls, and to determine the relationship with bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 45 premenopausal women with T1DM and 21 healthy controls, matched according to age and BMI. Clinical parameters, BMD and bone tissue mechanical properties (assessed using the bone material strength index [BMSi]) were evaluated in each group using microindentation. In T1DM patients, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), the number of hypoglycaemic events and the status of chronic complications were also analysed. RESULTS No differences in BMSi or BMD between T1DM patients and healthy controls were identified. In the T1DM patients, the mean HbA1c was 7.52% ± 1.00% and the mean time elapsed since diagnosis was 22.6 ± 12.2 years. Eight patients (17.7%) met the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and microvascular complications were present in 12 patients (26.7%). Neither the number of features of MetS present nor the presence of microangiopathy was found to be associated with BMSi. CONCLUSIONS T1DM premenopausal patients showed bone tissue properties comparable to those shown by controls. Further larger-scale studies should be conducted to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ballesta
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, PasseigMarítim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R C Güerri-Fernández
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Chillarón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, PasseigMarítim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Güell
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N G Ascoeta
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, PasseigMarítim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Flores Le-Roux
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, PasseigMarítim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Díez
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herrera-Piad LA, Delgado-Pinar M, Cruz JL, Carrascosa A, Díez A, Rojas-Laguna R, Andrés MV. Single-mode Bragg gratings in tapered few-mode and multimode fibers. Opt Lett 2019; 44:4024-4027. [PMID: 31415537 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose the implementation of fiber Bragg gratings in tapered few-mode and multimode fibers to accomplish single-mode operation by reducing the core diameter, while preserving the core-cladding structure. The gratings present a single reflection band, and the device shows low insertion losses after the taper fabrication and the fiber Bragg gratings inscription. The excitation of high-order odd modes in the core of the fiber has been identified as the main loss mechanism; it can be prevented by means of symmetric illumination of the fibers. We also demonstrate the excitation of high-order cladding modes (cladding-air modes) along the taper transitions; these modes can be removed without a significant increment of the insertion loss.
Collapse
|
11
|
Roselló-Mechó X, Delgado-Pinar M, Cruz JL, Díez A, Andrés MV. Measurement of UV-induced absorption and scattering losses in photosensitive fibers. Opt Lett 2018; 43:2897-2900. [PMID: 29905718 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UV-assisted fabrication of gratings using photosensitive fibers is a well-established technique, based on the UV-induced permanent modification of the refractive index of the fiber material. As a result, the absorption coefficient is also changed. Here, we exploit the thermal sensitivity of whispering gallery mode resonances of the fiber itself to measure the profile of the heating along an irradiated fiber versus the input power and for different UV radiation intensities. Our technique allows discriminating between the absorption and scattering contributions to the overall losses, by comparing the results obtained with our technique with direct transmission measurements. Different photosensitive fibers are characterized by means of this technique. Nonuniform UV irradiation of photosensitive fibers can be characterized with this technique.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alcusa-Sáez EP, Díez A, Rivera-Pérez E, Margulis W, Norin L, Andrés MV. Acousto-optic interaction in polyimide coated optical fibers with flexural waves. Opt Express 2017; 25:17167-17173. [PMID: 28789211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.017167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acousto-optic coupling in polyimide-coated single-mode optical fibers using flexural elastic waves is demonstrated. The effect of the polyimide coating on the acousto-optic interaction process is analyzed in detailed. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. Although the elastic attenuation is significant, we show that acousto-optic coupling can be produced with a reasonably good efficiency. To our knowledge, it is the first experimental demonstration of acousto-optic coupling in optical fibers with robust protective coating.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bezos J, Casal C, Álvarez J, Roy A, Romero B, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Bárcena C, Díez A, Juste R, Gortázar C, Puentes E, Aguiló N, Martín C, de Juan L, Domínguez L. Evaluation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO 2 vaccine using a natural tuberculosis infection model in goats. Vet J 2017; 223:60-67. [PMID: 28671074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new vaccines against animal tuberculosis (TB) is a priority for improving the control and eradication of this disease, particularly in those species not subjected to compulsory eradication programmes. In this study, the protection conferred by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO2 experimental vaccine was evaluated using a natural infection model in goats. Twenty-six goats were distributed in three groups: (1) 10 goats served as a control group; (2) six goats were subcutaneously vaccinated with BCG; and (3) 10 goats were subcutaneously vaccinated with SO2. Four months after vaccination, all groups were merged with goats infected with Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae, and tested over a 40 week period using a tuberculin intradermal test and an interferon-γ assay for mycobacterial reactivity. The severity of lesions was determined at post-mortem examination and the bacterial load in tissues were evaluated by culture. The two vaccinated groups had significantly lower lesion and bacterial culture scores than the control group (P<0.05); at the end of the study, the SO2 vaccinated goats had the lowest lesion and culture scores. These results suggest that the SO2 vaccine provides some protection against TB infection acquired from natural exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bezos
- MAEVA SERVET SL, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Casal
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Álvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - A Roy
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Romero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Bertos
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Bárcena
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Díez
- MAEVA SERVET SL, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SERIDA), Carretera Oviedo, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - C Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E Puentes
- BIOFABRI SL, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - N Aguiló
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
| | - C Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS Aragón, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
| | - L de Juan
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poveda-Wong L, Cruz JL, Delgado-Pinar M, Roselló-Mechó X, Díez A, Andrés MV. Fabrication of long period fiber gratings of subnanometric bandwidth. Opt Lett 2017; 42:1265-1268. [PMID: 28362745 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on the fabrication of long period fiber gratings having subnanometric bandwidths in the 1500 nm spectral region. Large gratings have been photo inscribed in a high NA fiber; the grating pitch and the order of the HE cladding mode are optimized to produce gratings with a large number of periods and prevent the coupling to TE, TM, or EH modes. Resonances with a FWHM of 0.83 and 0.68 nm have been achieved for gratings 15 and 20 cm long, respectively; the free spectral range between the transmission notches is 125 nm. The polarization effects and the sensitivity of the gratings to temperature and to strain variations are presented as well.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cuadrado-Laborde C, Armas-Rivera I, Carrascosa A, Kuzin EA, Beltrán-Pérez G, Díez A, Andrés MV. Instantaneous frequency measurement of dissipative soliton resonant light pulses. Opt Lett 2016; 41:5704-5707. [PMID: 27973494 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measured the instantaneous frequency profile of two different dissipative soliton resonant (DSR) light pulses, the usual flat-top and less-common trapezoid-shaped light pulses. The DSR light pulses were provided by an ytterbium-doped polarization-maintaining fiber ring passively mode-locked laser using the adequately selected amount of net-normal dispersion. We confirmed that the DSR light pulses have a (moderately) low linear chirp across the pulse, except at the edges, where the chirp changes exponentially. This unique instantaneous frequency behavior can be succinctly resumed by the following parameters: linear chirp slope and leading and trailing chirp lifetimes. As the pump power increases, the linear chirp slope decreases, whereas the leading and trailing chirp lifetimes do not show an appreciable change. The results are compared with previous theoretical works.
Collapse
|
16
|
Portal-Núñez S, Díez A, de la Fuente M, Esbrit P. El estrés oxidativo como posible diana terapéutica en la osteoporosis asociada al envejecimiento. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner 2016. [DOI: 10.4321/s1889-836x2016000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
17
|
Roselló-Mechó X, Delgado-Pinar M, Díez A, Andrés MV. Measurement of Pockels' coefficients and demonstration of the anisotropy of the elasto-optic effect in optical fibers under axial strain. Opt Lett 2016; 41:2934-2937. [PMID: 27367069 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The elasto-optic effect in optical fibers under axial strain can be characterized by means of the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances of the fiber itself. This technique enables a direct measurement of the anisotropy, the determination of the individual Pockels' coefficients, and the study of the wavelength dependence. The method is based on a rigorous theoretical study of WGM resonances in cylindrical microresonators. The shift of the WGM resonances as a function of strain was measured for the TE and TM modes, showing a strong modal anisotropy. In particular, the shift rate for TE modes was 1.84 times the one for TM modes. From these measurements, experimental values for the Pockels' coefficients were obtained: p11=0.116 and p12=0.255 at 1531 nm, and p11=0.131 and p12=0.267 at 1064 nm. The dispersion of p44 with wavelength was shown to be 5% μm-1.
Collapse
|
18
|
Armas-Rivera I, Cuadrado-Laborde C, Carrascosa A, Kuzin EA, Beltrán-Pérez G, Díez A, Andrés MV. Dissipative soliton resonance in a full polarization-maintaining fiber ring laser at different values of dispersion. Opt Express 2016; 24:9966-9974. [PMID: 27137606 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dissipative solitons resonance in an ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser in which all the elements are polarization maintaining (PM). A semiconductor saturable absorber mirror was used as a mode-locker. The cavity included a normal dispersion single-mode fiber (SMF) and an anomalous dispersion photonic crystal fiber. The change of the length of the PM SMF allows the variation of the net-normal dispersion of the cavity in the range from 0.022 ps2 to 0.262 ps2. As the absolute value of the net-normal dispersion increases from 0.022 ps2 to 0.21 ps2, a square-shaped single pulse transformed to a single right-angle trapezoid-shaped pulse, and, at the dispersion of 0.262 ps2, to multiple right-angle trapezoid-shaped pulses, per round-trip.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alcusa-Sáez E, Díez A, Andrés MV. Accurate mode characterization of two-mode optical fibers by in-fiber acousto-optics. Opt Express 2016; 24:4899-4905. [PMID: 29092317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acousto-optic interaction in optical fibers is exploited for the accurate and broadband characterization of two-mode optical fibers. Coupling between LP01 and LP1m modes is produced in a broadband wavelength range. Difference in effective indices, group indices, and chromatic dispersions between the guided modes, are obtained from experimental measurements. Additionally, we show that the technique is suitable to investigate the fine modes structure of LP modes, and some other intriguing features related with modes' cut-off.
Collapse
|
20
|
Alcusa-Sáez EP, Díez A, González-Herráez M, Andrés MV. Improved time-resolved acousto-optic technique for optical fiber analysis of axial non-uniformities by using edge interrogation. Opt Express 2015; 23:7345-7350. [PMID: 25837077 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved acousto-optic technique demonstrated recently to be a very useful method for the analysis of fiber axial non-uniformities, able to detect variations of fiber diameter in the nanometric scale with a spatial resolution of few cm. An edge interrogation approach is proposed to improve further the performance of this technique. The detection of subnanometer fiber diameter changes or sub-ppm changes of the core refractive index is demonstrated.
Collapse
|
21
|
Alcusa-Sáez EP, Díez A, Andrés MV. Experimental analysis of distributed pump absorption and refractive index changes in Yb-doped fibers using acousto-optic interaction. Opt Lett 2015; 40:689-692. [PMID: 25723408 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In-fiber acousto-optic interaction is used to characterize the refractive index changes at the C band in a single-mode ytterbium-doped optical fiber under 980 nm pumping. The transmission notch created by the acoustic-induced coupling between the core mode and a cladding mode shifts to longer wavelengths when the pump is delivered to the fiber. The electronic contribution to the refractive index change is quantified from the wavelength shift. Using a time-resolved acousto-optic method, we investigate the distribution of pump absorption, and the resulting refractive index change profile, along sections of ytterbium-doped fiber exceeding 1 m long under different pump power levels.
Collapse
|
22
|
Delgado-Pinar M, Villegas IL, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Measurement of temperature profile induced by the optical signal in fiber Bragg gratings using whispering-gallery modes. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6277-6280. [PMID: 25361333 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of whispering-gallery mode resonances of an optical fiber is exploited to measure thermal effects induced by an optical signal of moderate power along a fiber Bragg gating (FBG). The UV inscription technique used for the fabrication of FBG introduces a permanent change in the absorption coefficient of the fiber; thus, thermal effects are expected. The resonance wavelength shift of whispering-gallery modes provides information about the temperature change in the fiber, point to point. We present the experimental characterization of the thermal effects in FBG as a function of the wavelength and the power of the launched optical signal through the grating.
Collapse
|
23
|
Alcusa-Sáez EP, Díez A, González-Herráez M, Andrés MV. Time-resolved acousto-optic interaction in single-mode optical fibers: characterization of axial nonuniformities at the nanometer scale. Opt Lett 2014; 39:1437-1440. [PMID: 24690807 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a time-resolved acousto-optic interaction technique for the detection of axial nonuniformities in single-mode fibers. It is based on the propagation of short packets of flexural acoustic waves. Small axial nonuniformities (of the order of nanometers) are detected by measuring the transmittance of the fundamental mode as a function of time. It is shown that the technique allows the detection of axial nonuniformities along sections of single-mode fiber exceeding 1 m long with spatial resolution of the order of a few centimeters.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cuadrado-Laborde C, Carrascosa A, Pérez-Millán P, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andres MV. Phase recovery by using optical fiber dispersion. Opt Lett 2014; 39:598-601. [PMID: 24487875 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple and fast procedure to retrieve the phase profile of arbitrary light pulses. It combines a first experimental stage, followed by a one-step numerical stage. To this end, it is necessary to perform a Fresnel transform, which is obtained just by propagating the light pulses through an optical fiber. We experimentally test this proposal recovering the phase profile in the light pulses provided by a passively mode-locked laser. The proposal is then compared with a temporal variation of the Gerchberg-Saxton recursive algorithm, which is specially modified for this purpose.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cuadrado-Laborde C, Bello-Jiménez M, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Long-cavity all-fiber ring laser actively mode locked with an in-fiber bandpass acousto-optic modulator. Opt Lett 2014; 39:68-71. [PMID: 24365824 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate low-frequency active mode locking of an erbium-doped all-fiber ring laser. As the mode locker, we used a new in-fiber bandpass acousto-optic modulator showing 74% modulation depth, 3.7 dB power insertion losses, 4.5 nm of optical bandwidth, and 20 dB of nonresonant light suppression. The laser generates 330 ps mode-locked pulses over a 10 ns pedestal, at a 1.538 MHz frequency, with 130 mW of pump power.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hervías S, Oppel S, Medina FM, Pipa T, Díez A, Ramos JA, Ruiz de Ybáñez R, Nogales M. Assessing the impact of introduced cats on island biodiversity by combining dietary and movement analysis. J Zool (1987) 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hervías
- Animal Health Department; Faculty of Veterinary; Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC); La Laguna Spain
- Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA); Lisboa Portugal
| | - S. Oppel
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB); London UK
| | - F. M. Medina
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC); La Laguna Spain
- Servicio de Medio Ambiente; Cabildo Insular de La Palma; La Palma Spain
| | - T. Pipa
- Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA); Lisboa Portugal
| | - A. Díez
- Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA); Lisboa Portugal
| | - J. A. Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences; Marine and Environmental Research Center (IMAR/CMA); University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - R. Ruiz de Ybáñez
- Animal Health Department; Faculty of Veterinary; Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - M. Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC); La Laguna Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain activity is less organized in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls (HC). Noise power (scalp-recorded electroencephalographic activity unlocked to stimuli) may be of use for studying this disorganization. Method Fifty-four patients with schizophrenia (29 minimally treated and 25 stable treated), 23 first-degree relatives and 27 HC underwent clinical and cognitive assessments and an electroencephalographic recording during an oddball P300 paradigm to calculate noise power magnitude in the gamma band. We used a principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the factor structure of gamma noise power values across electrodes and the clinical and cognitive correlates of the resulting factors. RESULTS The PCA revealed three noise power factors, roughly corresponding to the default mode network (DMN), frontal and occipital regions respectively. Patients showed higher gamma noise power loadings in the first factor when compared to HC and first-degree relatives. In the patients, frontal gamma noise factor scores related significantly and inversely to working memory and problem-solving performance. There were no associations with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS There is an elevated gamma activity unrelated to task processing over regions coherent with the DMN topography in patients with schizophrenia. The same type of gamma activity over frontal regions is inversely related to performance in tasks with high involvement in these frontal areas. The idea of gamma noise as a possible biological marker for schizophrenia seems promising. Gamma noise might be of use in the study of underlying neurophysiological mechanisms involved in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Díez
- Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology Department, School of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rivera-Pérez E, Díez A, Andrés MV, Cruz JL, Rodríguez-Cobos A. Tunable narrowband fiber laser with feedback based on whispering gallery mode resonances of a cylindrical microresonator. Opt Lett 2013; 38:1636-1638. [PMID: 23938894 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Narrowband filtering based on whispering gallery modes of a slightly tapered cylindrical optical microresonator was used to implement a tunable narrowband erbium-doped fiber laser. The laser can be set to emit a single longitudinal cavity mode (single frequency), although the laser cavity is a few meters long. In the single-frequency regime the laser can emit a maximum power of 0.380 mW with a linewidth <35 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 50 dB. Tunability is achieved by sliding the excitation point along the microcylinder. A tuning range of 1.16 nm is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rivera-Pérez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuadrado-Laborde C, Carrascosa A, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andres MV. Photonic fractional Fourier transformer with a single dispersive device. Opt Express 2013; 21:8558-8563. [PMID: 23571945 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.008558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work we used the temporal analog of spatial Fresnel diffraction to design a temporal fractional Fourier transformer with a single dispersive device, in this way avoiding the use of quadratic phase modulators. We demonstrate that a single dispersive passive device inherently provides the fractional Fourier transform of an incident optical pulse. The relationships linking the fractional Fourier transform order and scaling factor with the dispersion parameters are derived. We first provide some numerical results in order to prove the validity of our proposal, using a fiber Bragg grating as the dispersive device. Next, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal by using a spool of a standard optical fiber as the dispersive device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cuadrado-Laborde
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot E-46100, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sáez-Rodríguez D, Cruz JL, Díez A, Andrés MV. All-fiber noninterferometric narrow-transmission-bandpass filter. Opt Lett 2012; 37:4314-4316. [PMID: 23073448 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In-fiber mode engineering based on the combination of Bragg and long-period gratings (LPGs) permits the implementation of noninterferometric transmission filters with narrow passbands using standard single-mode fiber. The design of the bandpass filter is based on the coupling between propagating and counterpropagating cladding modes in two fiber Bragg gratings. A LPG located between the Bragg gratings transfers power from the input fundamental mode to a specific cladding mode and recouples the filtered signal to the output fundamental mode. The filter produces a series of narrow passbands of about 30 pm linewidth with a maximum transmittance above 60%, 20 dB isolation, and passband separation of about 1 nm, each corresponding to the contribution of a different cladding mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sáez-Rodríguez
- Departament de Física Aplicada i electromagnetisme and Institut Universitari de Ciència dels Materials, Universitat de València, Carrer Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot E-46100, Spain. d.saez‑
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Fiber Bragg gratings are written across all 120 single-mode cores of a multi-core optical Fiber. The Fiber is interfaced to multimode ports by tapering it within a depressed-index glass jacket. The result is a compact multimode "photonic lantern" filter with astrophotonic applications. The tapered structure is also an effective mode scrambler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Birks
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Velázquez-Ibarra L, Díez A, Andrés MV, Lucio JL. Effects of refractive index changes on four-wave mixing bands in Er-doped photonic crystal fibers pumped at 976 nm. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1226-1228. [PMID: 22466203 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study of the effects of an auxiliary 976 nm pump signal on the four-wave mixing parametric bands generated with a 1064 nm pump in a normal dispersion Er-doped photonic crystal fiber is presented. The four-wave mixing signal and idler bands shift to shorter and longer wavelengths, respectively, with increasing 976 nm pump power. It is shown that the wavelength-dependent resonant refractive index change in the erbium-doped core under 976 nm pumping is at the origin of the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Velázquez-Ibarra
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Casado C, Saavedra V, Díez A, Torralba A. Pharmaceutical interventions in antibiotic dosage adjustment in renal impairment. Clinical implications. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
34
|
Santiago E, Díez A, Saavedra V, Torralba A. Compliance with antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients: CPC072 Table 1. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
35
|
Arques L, Carrascosa A, Zamora V, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Excitation and interrogation of whispering-gallery modes in optical microresonators using a single fused-tapered fiber tip. Opt Lett 2011; 36:3452-3454. [PMID: 21886241 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in optical microresonators can be excited and detected using a fused-tapered fiber tip (FTFT). The fabrication of FTFTs is simple and inexpensive; they are robust and allow the excitation and interrogation of the resonances with a single fiber. Excitation of high-Q WGMs in silica microcylinders and microspheres is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Arques
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de la Universidad de Valencia (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sáez-Rodriguez D, Cruz JL, Díez A, Andrés MV. Fiber laser with combined feedback of core and cladding modes assisted by an intracavity long-period grating. Opt Lett 2011; 36:1839-1841. [PMID: 21593908 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a fiber laser made in a single piece of conventional doped-core fiber that operates by combined feedback of the fundamental core mode LP((0,1)) and the high-order cladding mode LP((0,10)). The laser is an all-fiber structure that uses two fiber Bragg gratings and a long-period grating to select the modes circulating in the cavity; the laser emits at the coupling wavelength between the core mode LP((0,1)) and the counterpropagating cladding mode LP((0,10)) in the Bragg gratings. This work demonstrates the feasibility of high-order mode fiber lasers assisted by long-period gratings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sáez-Rodriguez
- Department of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sáez-Rodriguez D, Cruz JL, Díez A, Andrés MV. Coupling between counterpropagating cladding modes in fiber Bragg gratings. Opt Lett 2011; 36:1518-1520. [PMID: 21499409 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental demonstration of energy transfer between counterpropagating cladding modes in a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A strong FBG written in a standard photosensitive optical fiber is illuminated with a single cladding mode, and the power transferred between the forward propagating cladding mode and different backward propagating cladding modes is measured by using two auxiliary long period gratings. Resonances between cladding modes having 30 pm bandwidth and 8 dB rejection have been observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sáez-Rodriguez
- Department of Applied Physics and Electromagnetism, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cabrera J, Mancuso M, Cabrera-Fránquiz F, Limiñana J, Díez A. Stability and compatibility of the mixture of tramadol, ketorolac, metoclopramide and ranitidine in a solution for intravenous perfusion. Farm Hosp 2010; 35:80-3. [PMID: 20880732 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a mixture for intravenous perfusion containing tramadol (5 mg/ml), ranitidine (1.5 mg/ml), ketorolac (1.5 mg/ml) and metoclopramide (0.5 mg/ml) in a 0.9% sodium chlorides solution is compatible and stable at room temperature during a 48-hour period. METHODS We tested the mixture for stability using the HPLC technique (high performance liquid chromatography), with parallel visual assessments of any changes in colour, appearance of precipitate or phase separation indicating incompatibilities between the components. RESULTS At the end of the trial, chromatography data showed a mean metoclopramide concentration between 100% and 105% of the initial level, while concentrations of tramadol, ketorolac and ranitidine were between 99% and 102% of initial levels. There was no evidence of incompatibility between the drugs at any time during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The combination is stable as a solution and its components are physically and chemically compatible in the concentrations used in the study, during at least 48 hours at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cabrera
- Farmacología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, España
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cascante-Vindas J, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. White light supercontinuum generation in a Y-shaped microstructured tapered fiber pumped at 1064 nm. Opt Express 2010; 18:14535-14540. [PMID: 20639938 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.014535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of supercontinuum in a Ge-doped Y-shape tapered fiber pumped at 1064 nm in the ns pump regime. The taper was designed to have long taper transitions and a taper waist with a core diameter of 0.9 mum. The large air-filling fraction and diameter of the air-hole microstructure reduces the confinement loss at long wavelengths so, enabling the extension of the spectrum to longer wavelengths. Along the taper transition the zero-dispersion wavelength decreases as the diameter of the taper becomes smaller. The spectral components generated along the taper transition pump the taper waist, enhancing the generation of short wavelengths. A flat spectrum spanning from 420 nm to 1850 nm is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cascante-Vindas
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cascante-Vindas J, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Supercontinuum Q-switched Yb fiber laser using an intracavity microstructured fiber. Opt Lett 2009; 34:3628-3630. [PMID: 19953142 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on an intracavity configuration for supercontinuum generation in a Q-switched Yb fiber laser. The supercontinuum laser includes a section of microstructured fiber within the Q-switched laser cavity. With 380 mW of pump power, the supercontinuum laser can emit broadband pulses of 6 microJ energy and 10 ns temporal width, at repetition rates from few hertz up to 2 kHz. The supercontinuum spectrum spans over a wavelength range in excess of 1.4 microm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cascante-Vindas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Delgado-Pinar M, Díez A, Torres-Peiró S, Andrés MV, Pinheiro-Ortega T, Silvestre E. Waveguiding properties of a photonic crystal fiber with a solid core surrounded by four large air holes. Opt Express 2009; 17:6931-6938. [PMID: 19399065 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.006931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The polarization-dependent guiding properties of a hexagonal-lattice photonic crystal fiber with a solid-core surrounded by four large air holes are investigated. The appearance of a polarization dependent cutoff frequency, together with several parameters as the birefringence, the modal effective area, the group velocity dispersion and the polarization dependent loss are analyzed. A collection of fibers with different structural parameters were fabricated and characterized. An effective anti-guide structure from at least 450 nm to 1750 nm, a polarizing fiber with a polarization dependent loss of 16 dB/m at 1550 nm, and an endlessly singlemode polarization-maintaining fiber with group birefringence of 2.1x10(-3) at 1550 nm are reported. Experimental results are compared with accurate numerical modeling of the fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Delgado-Pinar
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, Burjasot, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Torres-Peiró S, Díez A, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Fundamental-mode cutoff in liquid-filled Y-shaped microstructured fibers with Ge-doped core. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2578-2580. [PMID: 19015673 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the cutoff characteristics of a Ge-doped Y-shaped microstructured fiber in which the holes are filled with a liquid of refractive index higher than silica but lower than the Ge-doped core. It is found that the cutoff wavelength was very sensitive to temperature variations as a result of the refractive index changes of the liquid. The basic properties of such a fiber permit the fabrication of wideband tunable short-pass filters, as well as temperature sensors with high sensitivity. A temperature sensitivity of 25 nm/degrees C is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Torres-Peiró
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-Institut Universitari de Ciéncia dels Materials, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cuadrado-Laborde C, Pérez-Millán P, Andrés MV, Díez A, Cruz JL, Barmenkov YO. Transform-limited pulses generated by an actively Q-switched distributed fiber laser. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2590-2592. [PMID: 19015677 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A single-mode, transform-limited, actively Q-switched distributed-feedback fiber laser is presented, based on a new in-line acoustic pulse generator. Our technique permits a continuous adjustment of the repetition rate that modulates the Q factor of the cavity. Optical pulses of 800 mW peak power, 32 ns temporal width, and up to 20 kHz repetition rates were obtained. The measured linewidth demonstrates that these pulses are transform limited: 6 MHz for a train of pulses of 10 kHz repetition rate, 80 ns temporal width, and 60 mW peak power. Efficient excitation of spontaneous Brillouin scattering is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cuadrado-Laborde
- Departamento de Física Aplicada y Electromagnetismo, Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de la Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Díez A, Largo J, Solana JR. Thermodynamic properties of model solids with short-ranged potentials from Monte Carlo simulations and perturbation theory. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10194-201. [PMID: 17683133 DOI: 10.1021/jp072059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to determine the excess energy and the equation of state of fcc solids with Sutherland potentials for wide ranges of temperatures, densities, and effective potential ranges. The same quantities have been determined within a perturbative scheme by means of two procedures: (i) Monte Carlo simulations performed on the reference hard-sphere system and (ii) second-order Barker-Henderson perturbation theory. The aim was twofold: on the one hand, to test the capability of the "exact" MC-perturbation theory of reproducing the direct MC simulations and, on the other hand, the reliability of the Barker-Henderson perturbation theory, as compared with direct MC simulations and MC-perturbation theory, to determine the thermodynamic properties of these solids depending on temperature, density, and potential range. We have found that the simulation data for the excess energy obtained from the two procedures are in close agreement with each other. For the equation of state, the results from the MC-perturbation procedure also agree well with the direct MC simulations except for very low temperatures and extremely short-ranged potentials. Regarding the Barker-Henderson perturbation theory, we have found that in general the second-order approximation does not provide significant improvement over the first-order one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Díez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Díez A, Largo J, Solana JR. Thermodynamic properties of van der Waals fluids from Monte Carlo simulations and perturbative Monte Carlo theory. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:074509. [PMID: 16942353 DOI: 10.1063/1.2217944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations have been performed for fluids with van der Waals potential, that is, hard spheres with attractive inverse power tails, to determine the equation of state and the excess energy. On the other hand, the first- and second-order perturbative contributions to the energy and the zero- and first-order perturbative contributions to the compressibility factor have been determined too from Monte Carlo simulations performed on the reference hard-sphere system. The aim was to test the reliability of this "exact" perturbation theory. It has been found that the results obtained from the Monte Carlo perturbation theory for these two thermodynamic properties agree well with the direct Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, it has been found that results from the Barker-Henderson [J. Chem. Phys. 47, 2856 (1967)] perturbation theory are in good agreement with those from the exact perturbation theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Díez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pérez-Millán P, Díez A, Andrés M, Zalvidea D, Duchowicz R. Q-switched all-fiber laser based on magnetostriction modulation of a Bragg grating. Opt Express 2005; 13:5046-5051. [PMID: 19498492 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.005046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report an actively Q-switched all-fiber laser based on magnetostriction modulation of a Bragg grating. The laser employs a pair of Bragg gratings as reflective mirrors, one of which is bonded to a magnetostrictive element. Lengthening of the magnetostrictive element when a magnetic field is applied shifts the Bragg wavelength of the grating, allowing control of the Q-factor of the cavity and, thus, performing active Q-switching. The magnetostrictive modulator is small, compact and requires less than 300 mW electrical drive power. Using erbium-doped fiber and a maximum pump power of 120 mW, Q-switch pulses of more than 1 W peak power were obtained, with a pulse repetition rate that can be continuously varied from 1 Hz to 125 kHz.
Collapse
|
47
|
Delgado-Pinar M, Mora J, Díez A, Andrés MV, Ortega B, Capmany J. Tunable and reconfigurable microwave filter by use of a Bragg-grating-based acousto-optic superlattice modulator. Opt Lett 2005; 30:8-10. [PMID: 15648620 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-optical novel configuration for implementing multitap transversal filters by use of a broadband source sliced by fiber Bragg grating arrays generated by propagating an acoustic wave along a strong uniform fiber Bragg grating. The tunability and reconfigurability of the microwave filter are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Delgado-Pinar
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ciriza de los Ríos C, García L, Díez A, Pérez de la Serna J, Romero MJ, Dajil S, Ruiz de León A. Restoration of peristalsis in the esophagus of a patient diagnosed of achalasia. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2002; 94:697-702. [PMID: 12690993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with dysphagia in whom a clinical and manometric follow-up was carried out. We initially observed a motor disorder of the esophageal spasm type. During manometric follow-up a progression to vigorous achalasia was observed. The patient was treated with pneumatic dilation, which obtained a good response to treatment. In manometries performed after treatment we observed a return of peristalsis in the distal esophageal body. Early treatment and short evolution of disease may allow peristalsis to recover in these cases. Peristalsis recovery casts new doubts on achalasia etiology.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nacher M, Serrano S, González A, Hernández A, Mariñoso ML, Vilella R, Hinarejos P, Díez A, Aubia J. Osteoblasts in HIV-infected patients: HIV-1 infection and cell function. AIDS 2001; 15:2239-43. [PMID: 11698696 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200111230-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected patients have been shown to have a severe alteration in osteoblast function that appears to be related to the infection. OBJECTIVE To determine whether normal human osteoblasts express CD4, whether osteoblasts from patients with HIV infection are infected by HIV-1 and whether osteoblast dysfunction observed in vivo also occurs in vitro. METHODS Osteoblast cultures from bone marrow biopsies of HIV-infected patients (n = 14) and control patients (n = 10) were used in a cross-sectional study and a case-control prospective study. Expression of CD4 was analysed using flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; the presence of HIV-1 particles was determined by measuring p24 antigen in the supernatants of osteoblast cultures and viral DNA or RNA in the osteoblasts using the polymerase chain reaction. Osteoblast function was assessed by measuring cell proliferation, type I collagen and osteocalcin synthesis. RESULTS In human osteoblasts, CD4 expression could not be determined using flow cytometry, although low levels of mRNA coding for CD4 were detected. HIV infection was not observed in osteoblast cultures from HIV-infected patients nor was there any alteration in replication and synthesis of type I collagen, although osteocalcin synthesis was increased. CONCLUSIONS It is unlikely that HIV-1 infects human osteoblasts in vivo; therefore, the hypothesis that these cells could act as local HIV-1 reservoirs should be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nacher
- Bone and Joint Physiopathology Research Unit, Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the subjective quality of life of chronic schizophrenic outpatients living in an urban site in Catalonia (Spain) during a stable phase of the illness. We included 44 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment variables were obtained and compared with the subjective quality of life as assessed by the Lehman Quality of Life Interview-short version. The descriptive analysis of the subjective quality of life profile obtained in our sample shows moderate levels of satisfaction in most subscales. Results regarding comparisons showed that sociodemographic, clinical, premorbid adjustment and treatment variables were only related to subjective quality of life in particular life domains and in a nonconclusive way. The need to include other relevant variables such as insight or psychological traits in the study of the quality of life phenomenon in schizophrenia is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dunó
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Corporació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|