1
|
Vuorinen KEM, Kolstad AL, De Vriendt L, Austrheim G, Tremblay JP, Solberg EJ, Speed JDM. Cool as a moose: How can browsing counteract climate warming effects across boreal forest ecosystems? Ecology 2021; 101:e03159. [PMID: 33448367 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herbivory has potential to modify vegetation responses to climatic changes. However, climate and herbivory also affect each other, and rarely work in isolation from other ecological factors, such as plant-plant competition. Thus, it is challenging to predict the extent to which herbivory can counteract, amplify, or interact with climate impacts on ecosystems. Here, we investigate how moose modify climatic responses of boreal trees by using experimental exclosures on two continents and modeling complex causal pathways including several climatic factors, multiple tree species, competition, tree height, time, food availability, and herbivore presence, density, and browsing intensity. We show that moose can counteract, that is, "cool down" positive temperature responses of trees, but that this effect varies between species depending on moose foraging preferences. Growth of preferred deciduous trees was strongly affected by moose, whereas growth of less preferred conifers was mostly driven by climate and tree height. In addition, moose changed temperature responses of rowan in Norway and balsam fir in Canada, by making fir more responsive to temperature but decreasing the strength of the temperature response of rowan. Snow protected trees from browsing, and therefore moose "cooling power" might increase should a warming climate result in decreased snow cover. Furthermore, we found evidence of indirect effects of moose via plant-plant competition: By constraining growth of competing trees, moose can contribute positively to the growth of other trees. Our study shows that in boreal forests, herbivory cooling power is highly context dependent, and in order to understand its potential to prevent changes induced by warming climate, species differences, snow, competition, and climate effects on browsing need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katariina E M Vuorinen
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skakkes gate 47 A, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Anders L Kolstad
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skakkes gate 47 A, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Laurent De Vriendt
- Department of Biology, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Center for Forest Research (CEF), Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Laval University, Abitibi-Price building, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gunnar Austrheim
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skakkes gate 47 A, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Jean-Pierre Tremblay
- Department of Biology, Laval University, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Center for Forest Research (CEF), Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Laval University, Abitibi-Price building, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Erling J Solberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Trondheim, NO-7485, Norway
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skakkes gate 47 A, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuomi M, Väisänen M, Ylänne H, Brearley FQ, Barrio IC, Anne Bråthen K, Eischeid I, Forbes BC, Jónsdóttir IS, Kolstad AL, Macek P, Petit Bon M, Speed JDM, Stark S, Svavarsdóttir K, Thórsson J, Bueno CG. Stomping in silence: Conceptualizing trampling effects on soils in polar tundra. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tuomi
- Section of Ecology Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Maria Väisänen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Arctic Centre University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
| | - Henni Ylänne
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Francis Q. Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Agricultural University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Isabell Eischeid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- Norwegian Polar InstituteFRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir
- Agricultural University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
- University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) Longyearbyen Norway
| | - Anders L. Kolstad
- Department of Natural History NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Petr Macek
- Centre for Polar Ecology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre ASCRInstitute of Soil Biology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Petit Bon
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) Longyearbyen Norway
| | - James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural History NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Sari Stark
- Arctic Centre University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
| | | | | | - C. Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Speed JDM, Bendiksby M, Finstad AG, Hassel K, Kolstad AL, Prestø T. Contrasting spatial, temporal and environmental patterns in observation and specimen based species occurrence data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196417. [PMID: 29698441 PMCID: PMC5919666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species occurrence data records the location and time of an encounter with a species, and is valuable for many aspects of ecological and evolutionary analyses. A key distinction within species occurrence data is between (1) collected and preserved specimens that can be taxonomically validated (i.e., natural history collections), and (2) observations, which are more error prone but richer in terms of number and spread of observations. In this study we analyse the distribution in temporal, spatial, taxonomic and environmental coverage of specimen- and observation based species occurrence data for land plants in Norway, a region with strong climatic and human population density gradients. Of 4.8 million species occurrence records, the majority (78%) were observations. However, there was a greater species richness in the specimen record (N = 4691) than in the observation record (N = 3193) and most species were recorded more as specimens than observations. Specimen data was on average older, and collected later during the year. Both record types were highly influenced by a small number of prolific contributors. The species most highly represented in the observation data set were widespread or invasive, while in the specimen records, taxonomically challenging species were overrepresented. Species occurrence records were unevenly spatially distributed. Both specimen and observation records were concentrated in regions of Norway with high human population density and with high temperatures and precipitation, but in different regions within Norway. Observation and specimen records thus differ in taxonomic, temporal, spatial and environmental coverage for a well-sampled group and study region, potentially influencing the ecological inferences made from studies utilizing species occurrence data. The distribution of observation data dominates the dataset, so inferences of species diversity and distributions do not correspond to the evolutionary or physiological knowledge of species, which is based on specimen data. We make recommendations for users of biodiversity data, and collectors to better exploit the complementary strengths of these distinct biodiversity data types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D. M. Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mika Bendiksby
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders G. Finstad
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hassel
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders L. Kolstad
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tommy Prestø
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
With the success of high dose therapy supported by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for malignant lymphomas, medical late-effects and secondary effects on subjective health, like fatigue, are of concern. Fatigue is poorly understood and correlates have been barely addressed. Health-related quality of life (HRQL), fatigue, and correlates to fatigue, including endocrinological status and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, were investigated in a cross-sectional study of 33 lymphoma patients (median age 39 years) 4-10 years after ABMT. The survivors were compared to general population norms. Fatigue was highly prevalent, and females reported significantly more fatigue and impaired HRQL compared to males and the normal population. Gonadal dysfunction was found in the majority of the patients, but no statistically significant endocrinological or immunological associations with fatigue could be demonstrated. The high level of fatigue among female long-term survivors after ABMT may be related to the gonadal dysfunction, but further studies of possible mechanisms behind fatigue are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Knobel
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|