1
|
Kuo A, Imam MZ, Li R, Lin L, Raboczyj A, Bohmer AE, Nicholson JR, Corradini L, Smith MT. J-2156, a small molecule somatostatin type 4 receptor agonist, alleviated hindpaw hypersensitivity in the streptozotocin-induced rat model of painful diabetic neuropathy but with a 2-fold decrease in potency at an advanced stage in the model, mimicking morphine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346801. [PMID: 38318132 PMCID: PMC10839067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for novel pain-killers to improve relief of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Herein, we assessed the efficacy of the somatostatin type 4 (SST4) receptor agonist, J-2156, for relief of PDN in rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ; 70 mg/kg) and bilateral hindpaw hypersensitivity was fully developed by 8-week post-STZ. In the intervals, 8-12-weeks (morphine-sensitive phase; Phase 1) and 16-18-weeks (morphine-hyposensitive phase; Phase 2) post-STZ, rats received a single dose of intraperitoneal (i.p.) J-2156 (10, 20, 30 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg i.p.), subcutaneous morphine (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. Hindpaw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) were assessed using von Frey filaments pre-dose and at regular intervals over 3-h post-dose. In Phase 1, J-2156 at 30 mg/kg evoked significant anti-allodynia in the hindpaws with maximal effect at 1.5 h compared with 1 h for gabapentin and morphine. The durations of action for all three compounds were greater than 3 h. The corresponding mean (±SEM) extent and duration of anti-allodynia (ΔPWT AUC) for gabapentin did not differ significantly from that for J-2156 (30 mg/kg) or morphine. However, in Phase 2, the ΔPWT AUC for morphine was reduced to approximately 25% of that in Phase 1, mirroring our previous work. Similarly, the mean (±SEM) ΔPWT AUC for J-2156 (30 mg/kg) in Phase 2 was approximately 45% of that for Phase 1 whereas for gabapentin the mean (±SEM) ΔPWT AUCs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the two phases. Our findings further describe the preclinical pain relief profile of J-2156 and complement previous work in rat models of inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain and low back pain. SST4 receptor agonists hold promise as novel therapeutics for the relief of PDN, a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that is often intractable to relief with clinically used drug treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - M. Z. Imam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - R. Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - L. Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - A. Raboczyj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - A. E. Bohmer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - J. R. Nicholson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - L. Corradini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - M. T. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuo A, Trinh K, Le D. Author Response: Teaching NeuroImage: Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis With Cryptococcoma and Gelatinous Pseudocysts. Neurology 2023; 101:683. [PMID: 37813591 PMCID: PMC10585697 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
|
3
|
Trinh K, Le D, Kuo A. Teaching NeuroImage: Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis With Cryptococcoma and Gelatinous Pseudocysts. Neurology 2023; 101:e782-e783. [PMID: 37130802 PMCID: PMC10437017 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Trinh
- From the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (K.T., D.L.), Lubbock, and Department of Radiology (A.K.), Midland Memorial Hospital, TX
| | - Duc Le
- From the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (K.T., D.L.), Lubbock, and Department of Radiology (A.K.), Midland Memorial Hospital, TX
| | - Anderson Kuo
- From the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (K.T., D.L.), Lubbock, and Department of Radiology (A.K.), Midland Memorial Hospital, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Combe B, Tanaka Y, Emery P, Pechonkina A, Kuo A, Gong Q, Van Beneden K, Rajendran V, Schulze-Koops H. POS0679 CLINICAL OUTCOMES UP TO WEEK (W) 48 IN THE ONGOING FILGOTINIB (FIL) LONG-TERM EXTENSION (LTE) TRIAL OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) PATIENTS (pts) WITH INADEQUATE RESPONSE (IR) TO METHOTREXATE (MTX) INITIALLY TREATED WITH FIL OR ADALIMUMAB (ADA) DURING THE PHASE 3 PARENT STUDY (PS). Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe preferential Janus kinase-1 inhibitor FIL is approved for treatment of moderate to severe active RA in Europe and Japan.ObjectivesEfficacy and safety of FIL were assessed in pts with IR to MTX who completed a Phase 3 trial (NCT02889796)1 and enrolled in an LTE (NCT03025308).MethodsPts completing the PS1 on study drug were eligible to enter the LTE (data cutoff: June 1, 2020). Median exposure: 2.2 years (y). Efficacy data to W48 are reported for 4 treatment groups (all with background MTX): pts receiving FIL 200 mg (FIL200) or FIL 100 mg (FIL100) in the PS and continuing their dose in LTE (FIL200/FIL200, FIL100/FIL100) and ADA pts rerandomized, double blind, to FIL200 or FIL100 for LTE (ADA/FIL200, ADA/FIL100); safety data are reported.ResultsAs of June 1, 2020, 522/571 (91%) FIL200/FIL200, 502/570 (88%) FIL100/FIL100, 118/128 (92%) ADA/FIL200, and 115/130 (89%) ADA/FIL100 pts remained on study drug. LTE baseline disease characteristics were similar between groups: mean duration of RA approximately 8.7 y; DAS28(CRP) 2.55, and mean concurrent MTX dosage was 15.0 mg/week. Proportions of pts achieving ACR20/50/70, DAS28(CRP) ≤3.2, <2.6, and CDAI ≤10, ≤2.8 were generally maintained in all LTE groups through W48 (Figure 1). Numerically greater proportions of pts met response criteria at W48 in the FIL200 groups vs FIL100, regardless of PS treatment. Treatment-emergent AEs (TEAE), serious AEs, and AEs Grade ≥3 were largely comparable between groups and lowest in ADA/FIL100. There were 10 deaths (Table 1). Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs)/100 pt-y of exposure for deaths were lower for FIL/FIL vs ADA/FIL.Table 1.EAIRs of TEAEs in LTE, as of June 1, 20201TEAE, n (%)3FIL200+MTX → FIL200+MTX6ADA+MTX → FIL200+MTX9FIL100+MTX → FIL100+MTX12ADA+MTX → FIL100+MTX2EAIR (95% CI)4n=5717n=12810n=57013n=1305PYE=859.48PYE=197.811PYE=852.314PYE=192.6TEAE429 (75.1)91 (71.1)443 (77.7)88 (67.7)49.9 (45.4, 54.9)46.0 (37.5, 56.5)52.0 (47.4, 57.0)45.7 (37.1, 56.3)TEAE Grade ≥364 (11.2)15 (11.7)72 (12.6)7 (5.4)7.4 (5.8, 9.5)7.6 (4.6, 12.6)8.4 (6.7, 10.6)3.6 (1.7, 7.6)TE serious AE52 (9.1)13 (10.2)60 (10.5)9 (6.9)6.1 (4.6, 7.9)6.6 (3.8, 11.3)7.0 (5.5, 9.1)4.7 (2.4, 9.0)Death3 (0.5)2 (1.6)3 (0.5)2 (1.5)0.3 (0.1, 1.1)1.0 (0.3, 4.0)0.4 (0.1, 1.1)1.0 (0.3, 4.2)TE infections243 (42.6)52 (40.6)249 (43.7)43 (33.1)28.3 (24.9, 32.1)26.3 (20.0, 34.5)29.2 (25.8, 33.1)22.3 (16.6, 30.1)TE serious infections7 (1.2)2 (1.6)13 (2.3)1 (0.8)0.8 (0.4, 1.7)1.0 (0.3, 4.0)1.5 (0.9, 2.6)0.5 (0.1, 3.7)Opportunistic infections2 (0.4)02 (0.4)00.2 (0, 0.8)0 (0, 1.9)0.2 (0, 0.8)0 (0, 1.9)TE herpes zoster16 (2.8)5 (3.9)13 (2.3)1 (0.8)1.9 (1.1, 3.0)2.5 (1.1,6.1)1.5 (0.9, 2.6)0.5 (0.1, 3.7)TE MACE (adjudicated)1 (0.2)03 (0.5)3 (2.3)01 (0, 0.6)0 (0, 1.9)0.4 (0.1, 1.1)1.6 (0.5, 4.8)TE DVT/PE (adjudicated)3 (0.5)03 (0.5)00.3 (0.1, 1.0)0 (0, 1.9)0.4 (0.1, 1.0)0 (0, 1.9)Malignancies (excluding NMSC)5 (0.9)3 (2.3)4 (0.7)00.6 (0.2, 1.4)1.5 (0.5, 4.7)0.5 (0.1, 1.2)0 (0, 1.9)NMSC3 (0.5)02 (0.4)00.3 (0.1, 1.0)0 (0, 1.9)0.2 (0, 0.8)0 (0, 1.9)DVT, deep vein thrombosis; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; NMSC, nonmelanoma skin cancer; PE, pulmonary embolism; TE, treatment-emergentFigure 1.ConclusionDuring the LTE through W48, response rates generally were maintained for FIL/FIL and ADA/FIL pts. Though there were differences between LTE groups, safety was largely comparable and consistent with PS observations1 and previously reported results from 7 trials2: rates of AEs of special interest were low; all confidence intervals were overlapping. Limitation: the LTE was not formally randomized for comparison between FIL/FIL and ADA/FIL treatment groups, the groups were of unequal size, and the switch from ADA to FIL for LTE was by design, rather than based on disease activity.References[1]Combe B et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;80:848–58.[2]Winthrop K et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020;72(suppl 10); abstract 0229.AcknowledgementsThis study was funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA. Medical writing support was provided by Claudine Bitel, PhD, of AlphaScientia, LLC, San Francisco, CA; and funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.Disclosure of InterestsBernard Combe Speakers bureau: BMS, Eli Lilly & Co., Gilead Sciences, Inc., MSD, Pfizer, Roche-Chugai, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly & Co., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Pfizer, Roche-Chugai, and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche-Chugai, Yoshiya Tanaka Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahi-Kasei, Astellas, Bristol-Myers, Chugai, Daiichi- Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and YL Biologics, Consultant of: AbbVie, Ayumi, Daiichi- Sankyo, Eli Lilly, GSK, Sanofi, and Taisho, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Asahi-Kasei, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, and Takeda, Paul Emery Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celltrion, Gilead, Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Samsung, and Sandoz, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Lilly, and Samsung, Alena Pechonkina Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Albert Kuo Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Qi Gong Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Katrien Van Beneden Shareholder of: Galapagos NV, Employee of: Galapagos NV, Vijay Rajendran Shareholder of: Galapagos NV, Employee of: Galapagos NV, Hendrik Schulze-Koops Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Celltrion, Chugai, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Celltrion, Chugai, Gilead, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: AbbVie and Novartis
Collapse
|
5
|
Moerchen V, Taylor-DeOliveira L, Dietrich M, Armstrong A, Azeredo J, Belcher H, Copeland-Linder N, Fernandes P, Kuo A, Noble C, Olaleye O, Salihu H, Waters CR, Brown C, Reddy MM. Maternal and Child Health Pipeline Training Programs: A Description of Training Across 6 Funded Programs. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:137-146. [PMID: 35286520 PMCID: PMC9482602 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The HRSA-funded maternal and child health pipeline training programs (MCHPTPs) are a response to the critical need to diversify the MCH workforce, as a strategy to reduce health disparities in MCH populations. These MCHPTPs support students from undergraduate to graduate education and ultimately into the MCH workforce. Description The models and components of training across the six MCHPTPs funded in 2016–2021 are summarized, to examine the design and delivery of undergraduate pipeline training and the insights gained across programs. Assessment Strategies that emerged across training programs were organized into three themes: recruitment, support for student persistence (in education), and pipeline-to-workforce intentionality. Support for student persistence included financial support, mentoring, creating opportunity for students to develop a sense of belonging, and the use of research as a tool to promote learning and competitiveness for graduate education. Finally, the link to Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) long-term training and other MCHB opportunities for professional development contributed significant nuance to the pipeline-to-workforce objectives of these programs. Conclusions The MCHPTPs not only increase the diversity of the MCH workforce, they also actively prepare the next generation of MCH leaders. The intentional connection of undergraduates to the infrastructure and continuum of MCH training, underscores the comprehensive impact of this funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Moerchen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
| | - L Taylor-DeOliveira
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - M Dietrich
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | | | - J Azeredo
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H Belcher
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Copeland-Linder
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Fernandes
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Kuo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Noble
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - O Olaleye
- Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Salihu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C R Waters
- Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - C Brown
- (MR)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M M Reddy
- (MR)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang EW, Shepard JAO, Kuo A, Chintanapakdee W, Keane F, Gainor JF, Mino-Kenudson M, Lanuti M, Lennes IT, Digumarthy SR. Characteristics and Outcomes of Lung Cancers Detected on Low-Dose Lung Cancer Screening CT. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1472-1479. [PMID: 34108138 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) was implemented in the United States following the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). The real-world benefits of implementing LCS are yet to be determined with outcome-oriented data. The study objective is to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of screening-detected lung cancers. METHODS This single-institution retrospective study included LCS patients between June 2014 and December 2019. Patient demographics, number of screening rounds, imaging features, clinical workup, disease extent, histopathology, treatment, complications, and mortality outcomes of screening-detected lung cancers were extracted and compared with NLST data. RESULTS LCS LDCTs (7,480) were performed on 4,176 patients. The cancer detection rate was 3.8%, higher than reported by NLST (2.4%, P < 0.0001), and cancers were most often found in patients ≥65 years (62%), older than those in NLST (41%, P < 0.0001). The patients' ethnicity was similar to NLST, P = 0.87. Most LCS-detected cancers were early stage I tumors (71% vs. 54% in NLST, P < 0.0001). Two thirds of cancers were detected in the first round of screening (67.1%) and were multifocal lung cancers in 15%. As in NLST, the complication rate after invasive workup or surgery was low (24% vs. 28% in NLST, P = 0.32). Over a median follow-up of 3.3 years, the mortality rate was 0.45%, lower than NLST (1.33%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS LCS implementation achieved a higher cancer detection rate, detection of early-stage cancers, and more multifocal lung cancers compared with the NLST, with low complications and mortality. IMPACT The real-world implementation of LCS has been successful for detection of lung cancer with favorable outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jo-Anne O Shepard
- Department of Radiology, Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anderson Kuo
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wariya Chintanapakdee
- Department of Radiology, Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Florence Keane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inga T Lennes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Department of Radiology, Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehrabi P, Bücker R, Bourenkov G, Ginn HM, von Stetten D, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Kuo A, Morizumi T, Eger BT, Ou WL, Oghbaey S, Sarracini A, Besaw JE, Pare-Labrosse O, Meier S, Schikora H, Tellkamp F, Marx A, Sherrell DA, Axford D, Owen RL, Ernst OP, Pai EF, Schulz EC, Miller RJD. Serial femtosecond and serial synchrotron crystallography can yield data of equivalent quality: A systematic comparison. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/12/eabf1380. [PMID: 33731353 PMCID: PMC7968842 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For the two proteins myoglobin and fluoroacetate dehalogenase, we present a systematic comparison of crystallographic diffraction data collected by serial femtosecond (SFX) and serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX). To maximize comparability, we used the same batch of micron-sized crystals, the same sample delivery device, and the same data analysis software. Overall figures of merit indicate that the data of both radiation sources are of equivalent quality. For both proteins, reasonable data statistics can be obtained with approximately 5000 room-temperature diffraction images irrespective of the radiation source. The direct comparability of SSX and SFX data indicates that the quality of diffraction data obtained from these samples is linked to the properties of the crystals rather than to the radiation source. Therefore, for other systems with similar properties, time-resolved experiments can be conducted at the radiation source that best matches the desired time resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrabi
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Bücker
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Bourenkov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - D von Stetten
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H M Müller-Werkmeister
- Institute of Chemistry-Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - T Morizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - B T Eger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W-L Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - S Oghbaey
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - A Sarracini
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - J E Besaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - O Pare-Labrosse
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - S Meier
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Schikora
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Tellkamp
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Marx
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D A Sherrell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D Axford
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - R L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - O P Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - E F Pai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - E C Schulz
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J D Miller
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Homayounieh F, Zhang EW, Babaei R, Karimi Mobin H, Sharifian M, Mohseni I, Kuo A, Arru C, Kalra MK, Digumarthy SR. Clinical and imaging features predict mortality in COVID-19 infection in Iran. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239519. [PMID: 32970733 PMCID: PMC7514030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged many healthcare systems around the world. While most of the current understanding of the clinical features of COVID-19 is derived from Chinese studies, there is a relative paucity of reports from the remaining global health community. In this study, we analyze the clinical and radiologic factors that correlate with mortality odds in COVID-19 positive patients from a tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran. A retrospective cohort study of 90 patients with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 infection was conducted, analyzing demographics, co-morbidities, presenting symptoms, vital signs, laboratory values, chest radiograph findings, and chest CT features based on mortality. Chest radiograph was assessed using the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) scoring system. Chest CTs were assessed according to the opacification pattern, distribution, and standardized severity score. Initial and follow-up Chest CTs were compared if available. Multiple logistic regression was used to generate a prediction model for mortality. The 90 patients included 59 men and 31 women (59.4 ± 16.6 years), including 21 deceased and 69 surviving patients. Among clinical features, advanced age (p = 0.02), low oxygenation saturation (p<0.001), leukocytosis (p = 0.02), low lymphocyte fraction (p = 0.03), and low platelet count (p = 0.048) were associated with increased mortality. High RALE score on initial chest radiograph (p = 0.002), presence of pleural effusions on initial CT chest (p = 0.005), development of pleural effusions on follow-up CT chest (p = 0.04), and worsening lung severity score on follow-up CT Chest (p = 0.03) were associated with mortality. A two-factor logistic model using patient age and oxygen saturation was created, which demonstrates 89% accuracy and area under the ROC curve of 0.86 (p<0.0001). Specific demographic, clinical, and imaging features are associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 infections. Attention to these features can help optimize patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Homayounieh
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric W Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rosa Babaei
- Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Karimi Mobin
- Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Sharifian
- Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Mohseni
- Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anderson Kuo
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chiara Arru
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mannudeep K Kalra
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang EW, Dagogo-Jack I, Kuo A, Rooney MM, Shaw AT, Digumarthy SR. Association between circulating tumor DNA burden and disease burden in patients with ALK-positive lung cancer. Cancer 2020; 126:4473-4484. [PMID: 32757294 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma genotyping is an emerging approach for the identification of genetic alterations mediating resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-targeted therapy. The authors reviewed plasma genotyping and imaging findings to assess the correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden and disease burden in patients with ALK-positive lung cancer. METHODS The authors analyzed 97 plasma specimens from 75 patients with ALK-positive lung cancer to identify ALK and non-ALK alterations. Disease burden was estimated by tabulating lesions per organ and calculating lesion diameters, areas, and volumes. Disease burden was correlated with the allelic frequency (AF) of plasma alterations. RESULTS The mean interval between plasma collection and imaging was 8 days. ctDNA was detected in approximately 85% of plasma specimens. An ALK fusion and ALK mutation were detected in 79% and 76%, respectively, of plasma specimens. Using the maximum plasma alteration AF and maximum ALK alteration AF as independent surrogates of ctDNA burden, a higher disease burden measurement on imaging was found to be associated with higher ctDNA burden. Total body and extrathoracic tumor volume but not intrathoracic tumor volume correlated with ctDNA burden. Of all the disease sites assessed, the ctDNA burden correlated most with involvement of the liver, bones, and adrenal glands. Despite being the defining alteration in ALK-positive lung cancer, isolated plasma ALK fusion AF did not perform as well as the maximum plasma alteration AF or maximum ALK alteration AF for correlating tumor burden. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ALK-positive lung cancer, the maximum plasma alteration AF and maximum ALK alteration AF correlate with the extrathoracic burden of disease and are more predictive of tumor burden compared with the ALK fusion AF alone. LAY SUMMARY Analysis of genetic material shed from cancer cells into the circulation offers insights into the molecular composition of tumors. The circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) varies over time and across individuals and is impacted by the distribution of disease. Herein, the authors estimated tumor burden on imaging and correlated it with ctDNA by calculating the maximum allelic frequency. The current study findings demonstrated that the greatest correlation exists between extrathoracic, extracranial tumor burden (particularly involvement of the liver, adrenal glands, or bones) and ctDNA burden, suggesting a biological basis for the interpatient and temporal intrapatient differences in ctDNA yield that have been described in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anderson Kuo
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marguerite M Rooney
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haridas S, Albert R, Binder M, Bloem J, LaButti K, Salamov A, Andreopoulos B, Baker SE, Barry K, Bills G, Bluhm BH, Cannon C, Castanera R, Culley DE, Daum C, Ezra D, González JB, Henrissat B, Kuo A, Liang C, Lipzen A, Lutzoni F, Magnuson J, Mondo SJ, Nolan M, Ohm RA, Pangilinan J, Park HJ, Ramírez L, Alfaro M, Sun H, Tritt A, Yoshinaga Y, Zwiers LH, Turgeon BG, Goodwin SB, Spatafora JW, Crous PW, Grigoriev IV. 101 Dothideomycetes genomes: A test case for predicting lifestyles and emergence of pathogens. Stud Mycol 2020; 96:141-153. [PMID: 32206138 PMCID: PMC7082219 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dothideomycetes is the largest class of kingdom Fungi and comprises an incredible diversity of lifestyles, many of which have evolved multiple times. Plant pathogens represent a major ecological niche of the class Dothideomycetes and they are known to infect most major food crops and feedstocks for biomass and biofuel production. Studying the ecology and evolution of Dothideomycetes has significant implications for our fundamental understanding of fungal evolution, their adaptation to stress and host specificity, and practical implications with regard to the effects of climate change and on the food, feed, and livestock elements of the agro-economy. In this study, we present the first large-scale, whole-genome comparison of 101 Dothideomycetes introducing 55 newly sequenced species. The availability of whole-genome data produced a high-confidence phylogeny leading to reclassification of 25 organisms, provided a clearer picture of the relationships among the various families, and indicated that pathogenicity evolved multiple times within this class. We also identified gene family expansions and contractions across the Dothideomycetes phylogeny linked to ecological niches providing insights into genome evolution and adaptation across this group. Using machine-learning methods we classified fungi into lifestyle classes with >95 % accuracy and identified a small number of gene families that positively correlated with these distinctions. This can become a valuable tool for genome-based prediction of species lifestyle, especially for rarely seen and poorly studied species.
Collapse
Key Words
- Aulographales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Coniosporiaceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Coniosporiales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Eremomycetales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Fungal evolution
- Genome-based prediction
- Lineolataceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Lineolatales Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
- Machine-learning
- New taxa
- Rhizodiscinaceae Crous, Spatafora, Haridas & Grigoriev
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Haridas
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Albert
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Binder
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bloem
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Salamov
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - S E Baker
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - K Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Bills
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B H Bluhm
- University of Arkansas, Fayelletville, AR, USA
| | - C Cannon
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - R Castanera
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - D E Culley
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - C Daum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Ezra
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - J B González
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - B Henrissat
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,INRA, Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Liang
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - A Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Magnuson
- Functional and Systems Biology Group, Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - S J Mondo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Nolan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R A Ohm
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H-J Park
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Ramírez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - M Alfaro
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB-UPNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - H Sun
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Tritt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Yoshinaga
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L-H Zwiers
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B G Turgeon
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S B Goodwin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J W Spatafora
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clarke GD, Huber H, Li C, Kuo A, Nathanielsz P. LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING PROCEEDS FROM YOUNG ADULTHOOD INTO MIDLIFE IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION BABOONS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846081 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies have shown young adult baboons (~5-6 y.o.), subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by maternal calorie restriction during pregnancy and lactation, exhibit ventricular remodeling with mildly impaired heart function relative to age/sex-matched controls (CTL). METHODS: In this longitudinal study cardiac MRI was performed on male IUGR baboons (n=7). A 3 Tesla, Siemens TIM Trio MRI system was used with phase-array coils with parallel imaging acquisition and breath-holding during the scan. Studies of IUGR animals occurred at 4.7 + 0.1 yr. intervals; the first scan (scan1) at 5.8 + 1.2 y (human equivalent - HE ~24 years) and the second (scan2) at 10.4 + 1.2 yr (HE~40 y). Scans on the CTL animals (N=4) occurred at 5.3 + 1.4 years and 10 + 1.4 years. RESULTS: Change in body weight over 4.7 years was less in the IUGR group (Δwt=6.3 + 6.1 kg) than in the control group (Δwt =11.5 + 8.2 kg). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was significantly greater in IUGR animals for scan2 (+10.7%, p=0.03) but not in normal controls (+1.8%, p=0.75). Stroke volume and end-diastolic LV volume were normalized to body surface area (BSA). SV/BSA (17.6 + 4.9, 31.5 + 12.3 mL/sq.m; p=0.016) and EDV/BSA (47.3 + 13.6, 64.5 + 18.8 mL/sq.m; p=0.045) were also significantly increased in IUGR animals but not controls. In IUGR subjects, Δweight was significantly and positively correlated with ΔEF (r=0.86, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In IUGR, but not in CTL baboons, cardiac function adaptations continue into midlife and are related to increases in body weight with aging. We conclude that IUGR programs cardiovascular function and that programmed changes continue into midlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hillary Huber
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Cun Li
- UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Anderson Kuo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kemp MW, Jobe AH, Usuda H, Nathanielsz PW, Li C, Kuo A, Huber HF, Clarke GD, Saito M, Newnham JP, Stock SJ. Efficacy and safety of antenatal steroids. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R825-R839. [PMID: 29641233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00193.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antenatal steroids (ANS) are among the most important and widely utilized interventions to improve outcomes for preterm infants. A significant body of evidence demonstrates improved outcomes in preterm infants (24-34 wk) delivered between 1 and 7 days after the administration of a single course of ANS. Moreover, ANS have the advantage of being widely available, low cost, and easily administered via maternal intramuscular injection. The use of ANS to mature the fetal lung is, however, not without contention. Their use in pregnancy is not FDA approved, and treatment doses and regimens remain largely unoptimized. Their mode of use varies considerably between countries, and there are lingering concerns regarding the safety of exposing the fetus to high doses of exogenous steroids. A significant proportion of women deliver outside the 1- to 7-day therapeutic window after ANS treatment, and this delay may be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. Today, animal-based studies are one means by which key questions of dosing and safety relating to ANS may be resolved, allowing for further refinement(s) of this important therapy. Complementary approaches using nonhuman primates, sheep, and rodents have provided invaluable advances to our understanding of how exogenous steroid exposure impacts fetal development. Focusing on these three major model groups, this review highlights the role of three key animal models (sheep, nonhuman primates, rodents) in the development of antenatal steroid therapy, and provides an up-to-date synthesis of current efforts to refine this therapy in an era of personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi , Japan
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Haruo Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi , Japan
| | | | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Anderson Kuo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi , Japan
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Sarah J Stock
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chrismer I, Witherspoon J, Drinkard B, Stockman M, Shelton M, Kuo A, Allen C, Todd J, Jain M, Meilleur M. CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES: GENERAL AND RYR1. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Czer L, Lam L, Hays R, Baiesc F, Kuo A, Hariri S, Moriguchi J, Arabia F, Volod O. Correlation of High Molecular Weight Von Willebrand Factor Multimer loss and Rotational Speed During Short Term Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
15
|
Nathanielsz P, Franke K, Gaser C, Dahnke R, Kuo A, Li C, Li J, Clarke G. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING ACCELERATES BRAIN AND CARDIAC AGING IN THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Nathanielsz
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming,
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas,
| | - K. Franke
- Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,
| | - C. Gaser
- Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,
| | - R. Dahnke
- Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,
| | - A. Kuo
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - C. Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming,
| | - J. Li
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - G. Clarke
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuo A, Huber H, Li C, Nathanielsz P, Clarke G. INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR) ACCELERATES PRIMATE CARDIAC AGING: A FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kuo
- Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
| | | | - C. Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | | | - G. Clarke
- Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rineau F, Lmalem H, Ahren D, Shah F, Johansson T, Coninx L, Ruytinx J, Nguyen H, Grigoriev I, Kuo A, Kohler A, Morin E, Vangronsveld J, Martin F, Colpaert JV. Comparative genomics and expression levels of hydrophobins from eight mycorrhizal genomes. Mycorrhiza 2017; 27:383-396. [PMID: 28066872 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small secreted proteins that are present as several gene copies in most fungal genomes. Their properties are now well understood: they are amphiphilic and assemble at hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces. However, their physiological functions remain largely unexplored, especially within mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, we identified hydrophobin genes and analysed their distribution in eight mycorrhizal genomes. We then measured their expression levels in three different biological conditions (mycorrhizal tissue vs. free-living mycelium, organic vs. mineral growth medium and aerial vs. submerged growth). Results confirmed that the size of the hydrophobin repertoire increased in the terminal orders of the fungal evolutionary tree. Reconciliation analysis predicted that in 41% of the cases, hydrophobins evolved from duplication events. Whatever the treatment and the fungal species, the pattern of expression of hydrophobins followed a reciprocal function, with one gene much more expressed than others from the same repertoire. These most-expressed hydrophobin genes were also among the most expressed of the whole genome, which suggests that they play a role as structural proteins. The fine-tuning of the expression of hydrophobin genes in each condition appeared complex because it differed considerably between species, in a way that could not be explained by simple ecological traits. Hydrophobin gene regulation in mycorrhizal tissue as compared with free-living mycelium, however, was significantly associated with a calculated high exposure of hydrophilic residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Rineau
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - H Lmalem
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - D Ahren
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, SE, Sweden
| | - F Shah
- Department of food and environmental sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Johansson
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, SE, Sweden
| | - L Coninx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - J Ruytinx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - H Nguyen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - I Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - A Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - A Kohler
- Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, University of Lorraine, UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - E Morin
- Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, University of Lorraine, UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - J Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - F Martin
- Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
- Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, University of Lorraine, UMR 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - J V Colpaert
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology group, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uehling J, Gryganskyi A, Hameed K, Tschaplinski T, Misztal PK, Wu S, Desirò A, Vande Pol N, Du Z, Zienkiewicz A, Zienkiewicz K, Morin E, Tisserant E, Splivallo R, Hainaut M, Henrissat B, Ohm R, Kuo A, Yan J, Lipzen A, Nolan M, LaButti K, Barry K, Goldstein AH, Labbé J, Schadt C, Tuskan G, Grigoriev I, Martin F, Vilgalys R, Bonito G. Comparative genomics of Mortierella elongata and its bacterial endosymbiont Mycoavidus cysteinexigens. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2964-2983. [PMID: 28076891 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endosymbiosis of bacteria by eukaryotes is a defining feature of cellular evolution. In addition to well-known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosis are known within the cells of diverse animals, plants and fungi. Early-diverging lineages of terrestrial fungi harbor endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae. We sequenced the metagenome of the soil-inhabiting fungus Mortierella elongata and assembled the complete circular chromosome of its endosymbiont, Mycoavidus cysteinexigens, which we place within a lineage of endofungal symbionts that are sister clade to Burkholderia. The genome of M. elongata strain AG77 features a core set of primary metabolic pathways for degradation of simple carbohydrates and lipid biosynthesis, while the M. cysteinexigens (AG77) genome is reduced in size and function. Experiments using antibiotics to cure the endobacterium from the host demonstrate that the fungal host metabolism is highly modulated by presence/absence of M. cysteinexigens. Independent comparative phylogenomic analyses of fungal and bacterial genomes are consistent with an ancient origin for M. elongata - M. cysteinexigens symbiosis, most likely over 350 million years ago and concomitant with the terrestrialization of Earth and diversification of land fungi and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uehling
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - A Gryganskyi
- LF Lambert Spawn Company Coatesville, PA, 19320, USA
| | - K Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - T Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - P K Misztal
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Wu
- Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - A Desirò
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - N Vande Pol
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Z Du
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - A Zienkiewicz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - K Zienkiewicz
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - E Morin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - E Tisserant
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - R Splivallo
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany Integrative Fungal Research Cluster (IPF), Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
| | - M Hainaut
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - B Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - R Ohm
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - J Yan
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - A Lipzen
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - M Nolan
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - K LaButti
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - K Barry
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - A H Goldstein
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - C Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - G Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - I Grigoriev
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Oakland, CA, 94598, USA
| | - F Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - R Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - G Bonito
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reddy KR, Lim JK, Kuo A, Di Bisceglie AM, Galati JS, Morelli G, Everson GT, Kwo PY, Brown RS, Sulkowski MS, Akuschevich L, Lok AS, Pockros PJ, Vainorius M, Terrault NA, Nelson DR, Fried MW, Manns MP. All-oral direct-acting antiviral therapy in HCV-advanced liver disease is effective in real-world practice: observations through HCV-TARGET database. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:115-126. [PMID: 27790729 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C virus therapy in patients with advanced liver disease remains a clinical challenge. HCV-TARGET collects data in patients treated at tertiary academic and community centres. AIM To assess efficacy of all-oral HCV therapy in advanced liver disease. METHODS Between December 2013 and October 2014, 240 patients with a MELD score of ≥10 initiated HCV treatment with an all-oral regimen. Data from the 220 patients who completed 12-week follow-up were analysed. RESULTS Genotype 1 (GT1) patients had higher sustained virological response (SVR) when treated with sofosbuvir plus simeprevir ± ribavirin than with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (66-74% vs. 54%); GT1b vs GT1a (84% vs. 64%). SVR for GT2 was 72% with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, while GT3 patients had a substantially lower response (35%). A decrease in MELD score was not clearly related to SVR over the short course of follow-up although some had improvements in MELD score, serum bilirubin and albumin. A predictor of virological response was albumin level while negative predictors were elevated bilirubin level and GT1a. Most patients with GT1 were treated with approximately 12-week duration of sofosbuvir and simeprevir ± ribavirin therapy while GT2 and GT3 patients were treated with approximately 12 and 24 weeks of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin respectively. CONCLUSIONS All-oral therapies are effective among patients with advanced liver disease with high levels of success in GT2 and GT1b, and may serve to reduce the severity of liver disease after SVR. Treatment for GT3 patients remains an unmet need. Clinical trial number: NCT01474811.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mueller C, Marx A, Epp SW, Zhong Y, Kuo A, Balo AR, Soman J, Schotte F, Lemke HT, Owen RL, Pai EF, Pearson AR, Olson JS, Anfinrud PA, Ernst OP, Dwayne Miller RJ. Fixed target matrix for femtosecond time-resolved and in situ serial micro-crystallography. Struct Dyn 2015; 2:054302. [PMID: 26798825 PMCID: PMC4711646 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a crystallography chip enabling in situ room temperature crystallography at microfocus synchrotron beamlines and X-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL) sources. Compared to other in situ approaches, we observe extremely low background and high diffraction data quality. The chip design is robust and allows fast and efficient loading of thousands of small crystals. The ability to load a large number of protein crystals, at room temperature and with high efficiency, into prescribed positions enables high throughput automated serial crystallography with microfocus synchrotron beamlines. In addition, we demonstrate the application of this chip for femtosecond time-resolved serial crystallography at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, Menlo Park, California, USA). The chip concept enables multiple images to be acquired from each crystal, allowing differential detection of changes in diffraction intensities in order to obtain high signal-to-noise and fully exploit the time resolution capabilities of XFELs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mueller
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - A Marx
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S W Epp
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Zhong
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - A R Balo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J Soman
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
| | - F Schotte
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - H T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R L Owen
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - A R Pearson
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg , CFEL, Building 99, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J S Olson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA
| | - P A Anfinrud
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Halldorson J, Kazi Z, Mekeel K, Kuo A, Hassanein T, Loomba R, Austin S, Valasek MA, Kishnani P, Hemming AW. Successful combined liver/kidney transplantation from a donor with Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 115:141-4. [PMID: 26031770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease results from inherited deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase resulting in lysosomal accumulation of glycogen primarily in skeletal muscle. Reported is the first case in which a donor with late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) was successfully used for deceased donor liver and kidney transplantation. This case demonstrates co-operative transplant surgery and genetic medicine evaluation and risk estimation for donors with inherited metabolic disorders some of which may be suitable for donation of selected organs for transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Halldorson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA.
| | - Z Kazi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - K Mekeel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Medical Center, 200West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - T Hassanein
- Southern California GI and Liver Centers, 230 Prospect Place, Suite 220 Coronado, CA 92118, USA
| | - R Loomba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Medical Center, 200West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - S Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M A Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8720, USA
| | - P Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A W Hemming
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Clarke G, Li J, Kuo A, Nathanielsz P. TU-F-CAMPUS-I-03: Quantitative Cardiac MRI Reveals Functional Abnormalities in Intrauterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) Baboons. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
23
|
Kuo A, Wyse BD, Meutermans W, Smith MT. In vivo profiling of seven common opioids for antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression: no two opioids have the same profile. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:532-48. [PMID: 24641546 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For patients experiencing inadequate analgesia and intolerable opioid-related side effects on one strong opioid analgesic, pain relief with acceptable tolerability is often achieved by rotation to a second strong opioid. These observations suggest subtle pharmacodynamic differences between opioids in vivo. This study in rats was designed to assess differences between opioids in their in vivo profiles. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Sprague Dawley rats were given single i.c.v. bolus doses of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), fentanyl, oxycodone, buprenorphine, DPDPE ([D-penicillamine(2,5) ]-enkephalin) or U69,593. Antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression were assessed using the warm water tail-flick test, the castor oil-induced diarrhoea test and whole body plethysmography respectively. KEY RESULTS These opioid agonists produced dose-dependent antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression. For antinociception, morphine, fentanyl and oxycodone were full agonists, buprenorphine and M6G were partial agonists, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 had low potency. For constipation, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, morphine produced a bell-shaped dose-response curve, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. For respiratory depression, morphine, M6G, fentanyl and buprenorphine were full agonists, oxycodone was a partial agonist, whereas DPDPE and U69,593 were inactive. The respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl and oxycodone were of short duration, whereas morphine, M6G and buprenorphine evoked prolonged respiratory depression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS For the seven opioids we assessed, no two had the same profile for evoking antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression, suggesting that these effects are differentially regulated. Our findings may explain the clinical success of 'opioid rotation'. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, St Lucia Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sait AS, Kuo A, Bettencourt R, Bergstrom J, Allison M, von Drygalski A. Risk assessment for coronary heart disease in patients with haemophilia: a single centre study in the United States. Haemophilia 2014; 20:763-70. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Sait
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- King Fahd Specialist Hospital; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Kuo
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - R. Bettencourt
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - J. Bergstrom
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - M. Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine; Division of Epidemiology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - A. von Drygalski
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stone W, Ibanez L, Newschaffer C, Rohloff E, Abdullah M, Burkom D, Clarke N, Durkin M, Golden A, Kuo A, Lakes K, Lambert B, Landa R, Messinger D, Paterson S, Warren Z, Burbacher T, Faustman E. Streamlining the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder for the National Children's Study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Borycki EM, Kushniruk AW, Keay L, Kuo A. A framework for diagnosing and identifying where technology-induced errors come from. Stud Health Technol Inform 2009; 148:181-187. [PMID: 19745249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Health information systems have the ability to reduce medical errors but they can also introduce new types of errors. In the cognitive and human factors literature there is a recognition that many of the high profile accidents that have occurred in other industries outside of healthcare have had their origins in the complexities of organizational work and how work is structured. The authors propose that in order to have a fully robust framework for diagnosing technology-induced errors one must understand the development and implementation of a technology and the influences of policy using a multi-organizational model. The authors propose that technology-induced errors may have their origins in up to four or more organizational structures that make up complex health care systems in addition to the health care provider: governments, model organizations, software development organizations, and local healthcare organizations. In this paper a framework for considering the origins of technology-induced error in healthcare is presented, along with our experiences to date in the application of the framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Borycki
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuo A. Energetic trade-offs that determine optimal step length in human walking. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Barinka C, Parry G, Callahan J, Shaw D, Kuo A, Bdeir K, Cines D, Mazar A, Lubkowski J. ID: 343 Interactions between Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor Defined by the X-ray Crystallography. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Huang M, Huai Q, Zhou A, Mazar A, Parry G, Kuo A, Cines D, Li Y, Furie B, Furie B. ID: 86 Structural basis of uPAR-uPA and uPAR-vitronectin interactions. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Stepanova V, Kuo A, Higazi A, Yarovoi S, Bdeir K, Cines D. ID: 178 Nuclear translocation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease is the leading cause of graft loss in liver transplant recipients with pre-transplant HCV infection. While natural history is variable, median time to recurrent cirrhosis is less than a decade. Factors contributing to risk of recurrence and rate of fibrosis progression are only partially known. Older donor age, treatment of acute rejection, cytomegalovirus infection and high pre-transplant viral load are most consistently linked with worse outcomes. Whether these factors can be modified to positively impact on HCV disease progression is unknown. The main therapeutic approach for patients with recurrent HCV disease has been the treatment with interferon and ribavirin (RBV) once recurrent disease is documented or progressive. Efficacy is lower than in nontransplant patients and tolerability, especially of RBV, is a major limitation. Stable or improved fibrosis scores are seen in the majority of sustained responders. Optimal dose, duration and timing of treatment have not been determined. Alternative strategies under study include pre-transplant treatment of decompensated cirrhotics, preemptive antiviral therapy started within weeks of transplantation and prophylactic therapy using HCV antibodies. Ongoing studies may establish a future role for alternative treatment approaches. Additionally, limited overall efficacy of interferon-based therapy in the transplant setting highlights the urgent need for new drug therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Vascular development requires an orderly exchange of signals between growing vessels and their supporting tissues, but little is known of the intracellular signaling pathways underlying this communication. We find that mice with disruptions of both NFATc4 and the related NFATc3 genes die around E11 with generalized defects in vessel assembly as well as excessive and disorganized growth of vessels into the neural tube and somites. Since calcineurin is thought to control nuclear localization of NFATc proteins, we introduced a mutation into the calcineurin B gene that prevents phosphatase activation by Ca(2+) signals. These CnB mutant mice exhibit vascular developmental abnormalities similar to the NFATc3/c4 null mice. We show that calcineurin function is transiently required between E7.5 and E8.5. Hence, early calcineurin/NFAT signaling initiates the later cross-talk between vessels and surrounding tissues that pattern the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Graef
- Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stoica GE, Kuo A, Aigner A, Sunitha I, Souttou B, Malerczyk C, Caughey DJ, Wen D, Karavanov A, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase as a receptor for the growth factor pleiotrophin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:16772-9. [PMID: 11278720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010660200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor that induces neurite outgrowth and is mitogenic for fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells. During tumor growth PTN can serve as an angiogenic factor and drive tumor invasion and metastasis. To identify a receptor for PTN, we panned a phage display human cDNA library against immobilized PTN protein as a bait. From this we isolated a phage insert that was homologous to an amino acid sequence stretch in the extracellular domain (ECD) of the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In parallel with PTN, ALK is highly expressed during perinatal development of the nervous system and down-modulated in the adult. Here we show in cell-free assays as well as in radioligand receptor binding studies in intact cells that PTN binds to the ALK ECD with an apparent Kd of 32 +/- 9 pm. This receptor binding is inhibited by an excess of PTN, by the ALK ECD, and by anti-PTN and anti-ECD antibodies. PTN added to ALK-expressing cells induces phosphorylation of both ALK and of the downstream effector molecules IRS-1, Shc, phospholipase C-gamma, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Furthermore, the growth stimulatory effect of PTN on different cell lines in culture coincides with the endogenous expression of ALK mRNA, and the effect of PTN is enhanced by ALK overexpression. From this we conclude that ALK is a receptor that transduces PTN-mediated signals and propose that the PTN-ALK axis can play a significant role during development and during disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Stoica
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuo A, Craig TJ. A retrospective study of risk factors for repeated admissions for asthma in a rural/suburban university hospital. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2001; 101:S14-7; quiz S517-8. [PMID: 11409260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In the study reported, the authors examined risk factors for repeated hospital admissions for asthma in a rural/suburban setting. Charts of patients who were hospitalized two or more times with the diagnosis of asthma between June 1991 and January 1998 were reviewed. A questionnaire was completed for each admission for 65 patients. The results demonstrated an equal male-to-female ratio, with a mean age of 27 years. Hispanics represented 12% of the patients although they accounted for only 2.5% of the general population in the area under study. The mean number of hospital admissions was 3.2. A history of depression existed in 25% of the patients. Noncompliance was admitted in 38%. Twenty-five percent were active tobacco smokers. Acknowledged triggers of asthma included viral infections (74%), exercise (50%), weather conditions (43%), dust (38%), cats (36%), sinusitis (32%), pollen (32%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (31%), dogs (30%), smoke (28%), and emotional stress (15%). Medications at time of admission included albuterol (98%), salmeterol xinafoate (26%), theophylline (38%), ipratropium bromide (55%), nedocromil sodium (20%), cromolyn sodium (35%), prednisone (49%), and inhaled corticosteroids (69%). Ninety-five percent had access to a primary care physician. Fifty-seven percent had a pulmonary and 11% had an allergy consult. These data suggest that patients in rural/suburban areas with repeated hospitalizations for asthma have a high probability of noncompliance, depression, and allergenic triggers. Gastroesophageal reflux was a common recognized trigger. Inhaled steroids were underused, whereas ipratropium and theophylline were overused. Bilingual education on asthma and triggers and social support are necessary even in rural healthcare settings without a large minority population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Hershey, Pa. 17033-2360, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brodie SG, Xu X, Li C, Kuo A, Leder P, Deng CX. Inactivation of p53 tumor suppressor gene acts synergistically with c-neu oncogene in salivary gland tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2001; 20:1445-54. [PMID: 11313888 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2000] [Revised: 12/21/2000] [Accepted: 01/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing specific oncogenes usually develop tumors in a stochastic fashion suggesting that tumor progression is a multi-step process. To gain further understanding of the interactions between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes during tumorigenesis, we have crossed a transgenic strain (TG.NK) carrying an activated c-neu oncogene driven by the MMTV enhancer/promoter with p53-deficient mice. c-neu transgenic mice have stochastic breast tumor formation and normal appearing salivary glands. However, c-neu mice heterozygous for a p53 deletion develop parotid gland tumors and loose their wild type p53 allele. c-neu mice with a homozygous p53 deletion have increased rates of parotid tumor onset suggesting that inactivation of p53 is required and sufficient for parotid gland transformation in the presence of activated c-neu. In contrast to the dramatic effect of p53 in parotid gland transformation, p53 loss has little effect on the rate or stochastic appearance of mammary tumors. In addition, p53 loss was accompanied by the down regulation of p21 in parotid gland tumors but not breast tumors. The parotid gland tumors were aneuploid and demonstrated increased levels of Cyclin D1 expression. These observations suggest that in c-neu transgenic mice, p53 alterations have differential tissue effects and may be influenced by the tissue specific expression of genes influencing p53 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Brodie
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuo A, Zhong C, Lane WS, Derynck R. Transmembrane transforming growth factor-alpha tethers to the PDZ domain-containing, Golgi membrane-associated protein p59/GRASP55. EMBO J 2000; 19:6427-39. [PMID: 11101516 PMCID: PMC305863 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.23.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and related proteins represent a family of transmembrane growth factors with representatives in flies and worms. Little is known about the transport of TGF-alpha and other transmembrane growth factors to the cell surface and its regulation. p59 was purified as a cytoplasmic protein, which at endogenous levels associates with transmembrane TGF-alpha. cDNA cloning of p59 revealed a 452 amino acid sequence with two PDZ domains. p59 is myristoylated and palmitoylated, and associates with the Golgi system, where it co-localizes with TGF-alpha. Its first PDZ domain interacts with the C-terminus of transmembrane TGF-alpha and select transmembrane proteins. p59 is the human homolog of GRASP55, which is structurally related to GRASP65. GRASP55 and GRASP65 have been shown to play a role in stacking of the Golgi cisternae in vitro. C-terminal mutations of transmembrane TGF-alpha, which decrease or abolish the interaction with p59, also strongly impair cell surface expression of TGF-alpha. Our observations suggest a role for membrane tethering of p59/GRASP55 to select transmembrane proteins, including TGF-alpha, in maturation and transport to the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kuo
- Departments of Growth and Development, and Anatomy, Programs in Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0640, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bdeir K, Kuo A, Mazar A, Sachais BS, Xiao W, Gawlak S, Harris S, Higazi AA, Cines DB. A region in domain II of the urokinase receptor required for urokinase binding. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:28532-8. [PMID: 10864923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001595200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase receptor is composed of three homologous domains based on disulfide spacing. The contribution of each domain to the binding and activation of single chain urokinase (scuPA) remains poorly understood. In the present paper we examined the role of domain II (DII) in these processes. Repositioning DII to the amino or carboxyl terminus of the molecule abolished binding of scuPA as did deleting the domain entirely. By using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we identified a 9-amino acid continuous sequence in DII (Arg(137)-Arg(145)) required for both activities. Competition-inhibition and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated that mutation of Lys(139) and His(143) to alanine in soluble receptor (suPAR) reduced the affinity for scuPA approximately 5-fold due to an increase in the "off rate." Mutation of Arg(137), Arg(142), and Arg(145), each to alanine, leads to an approximately 100-fold decrease in affinity attributable to a 10-fold decrease in the apparent "on rate" and a 6-fold increase in off rate. These differences were confirmed on cells expressing variant urokinase receptor. suPAR-K139A/H143A displayed a 50% reduction in scuPA-mediated plasminogen activation activity, whereas the 3-arginine variant was unable to stimulate scuPA activity at all. Mutation of the three arginines did not affect binding of a decamer peptide antagonist of scuPA known to interact with DI and DIII. However, this mutation abolished both the binding of soluble DI to DII-III in the presence of scuPA and the synergistic activation of scuPA mediated by DI and wild type DII-DIII. These data show that DII is required for high affinity binding of scuPA and its activation. DII does not serve merely as a spacer function but appears to be required for interdomain cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bdeir
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylavania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shliom O, Huang M, Sachais B, Kuo A, Weisel JW, Nagaswami C, Nassar T, Bdeir K, Hiss E, Gawlak S, Harris S, Mazar A, Higazi AA. Novel interactions between urokinase and its receptor. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:24304-12. [PMID: 10801829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002024200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) binds to its receptor (uPAR) with a K(d) of about 1 nm. The catalytic activity of the complex is apparent at uPA concentrations close to K(d). Other functions of the complex, such as signal transduction, are apparent at much higher concentrations (35-60 nm). In the present study, we show that uPA and recombinant soluble uPAR (suPAR), at concentrations that exceed the K(d) and the theoretical saturation levels (10-80 nm), establish novel interactions that lead to a further increase in the activity of the single-chain uPA (scuPA)/suPAR and two-chain uPA (tcuPA)/suPAR complexes. Experiments performed using dynamic light scattering, gel filtration, and electron microscopy techniques indicate that suPAR forms dimers and oligomers. The three techniques provide evidence that the addition of an equimolar concentration of scuPA leads to the dissociation of these dimers and oligomers. Biacore data show that suPAR dimers and oligomers bind scuPA with decreased affinity when compared with monomers. We postulate that uPAR is present in equilibrium between oligomer/dimer/monomer forms. The binding of uPA to suPAR dimers and oligomers occurs with lower affinity than the binding to monomer. These novel interactions regulate the activity of the resultant complexes and may be involved in uPA/uPAR mediated signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Shliom
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel IL-91120
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Haj-Yehia A, Nassar T, Sachais BS, Kuo A, Bdeir K, Al-Mehdi AB, Mazar A, Cines DB, Higazi AA. Urokinase-derived peptides regulate vascular smooth muscle contraction in vitro and in vivo. FASEB J 2000; 14:1411-22. [PMID: 10877834 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14.10.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of urokinase (uPA) and its fragments on vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. Single-chain uPA inhibits phenylepherine (PE) -induced contraction of rat aortic rings, whereas two-chain uPA exerts the opposite effect. Two independent epitopes mediating these opposing activities were identified. A6, a capped peptide corresponding to amino acids 136-143 (KPSSPPEE) of uPA, increased the EC(50) of PE-induced vascular contraction sevenfold by inhibiting the release of calcium from intracellular stores. A6 activity was abolished by deleting the carboxyl-terminal Glu or by mutating the Ser corresponding to position 138 in uPA to Glu. A single-chain uPA variant lacking amino acids 136-143 did not induce vasorelaxation. A second epitope within the kringle of uPA potentiated PE-induced vasoconstriction. This epitope was exposed when single-chain uPA was converted to a two-chain molecule by plasmin. The isolated uPA kringle augmented vasoconstriction, whereas uPA variant lacking the kringle had no procontractile activity. These studies reveal previously undescribed vasoactive domains within urokinase and its naturally derived fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Haj-Yehia
- School of Pharmacy and the. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Hypodactyly (Hoxa13(Hd)) mice have a 50-bp deletion in the coding region of exon 1 of the Hoxa13 gene and have more severe limb defects than mice with an engineered deletion of the entire gene (Hoxa13(-/-)). Increased cell death is observed in the autopod of Hoxa13(Hd/Hd) but not Hoxa13(-/-) limb buds. In addition, compound heterozygotes for one Hd allele and a Hoxa13(-) allele have a more severe limb phenotype than mice homozygous for the engineered null allele, suggesting a dominant-negative effect of the Hd mutation. The Hoxa13(Hd) deletion does not interfere with steady-state mRNA levels; however, its consequences on translation are unknown. In this paper, we characterize the Hoxa13 transcription initiation site in limbs and determine the initiator methionine of HOXA13. We show that the Hoxa13(Hd) deletion results in a translational frame shift that leads to the loss of wild-type HOXA13 protein and the simultaneous production of a novel, stable protein in the limb buds of mutant mice. The mutant Hd protein (HOXA13(Hd)) consists of the first 25 amino acids of wild-type HOXA13 sequence, followed by 275 amino acids of arginine- and lysine-rich, novel sequence, and lacks the homeodomain. Like wild-type HOXA13, HOXA13(Hd) is localized to the nucleus in transfected COS-7 cells, perhaps mediated by the arginine- and lysine-rich peptide sequences created by the translational frame shift. To determine whether HOXA13(Hd) could alter limb morphogenesis, we misexpressed the mutant mRNA throughout the developing limb bud using a Prx-1 promoter-Hd gene construct in transgenic mice. Three of 15 transgenic founder animals displayed reduction or absence of proximal and distal limb structures. We propose that the expression of HOXA13(Hd) plays a role in the profound failure of digit formation in Hoxa13(Hd/Hd) mice and explains the morphologic differences between these two Hoxa13 alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Post
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bdeir K, Cane W, Canziani G, Chaiken I, Weisel J, Koschinsky ML, Lawn RM, Bannerman PG, Sachais BS, Kuo A, Hancock MA, Tomaszewski J, Raghunath PN, Ganz T, Higazi AA, Cines DB. Defensin promotes the binding of lipoprotein(a) to vascular matrix. Blood 1999; 94:2007-19. [PMID: 10477730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Retention of lipoproteins within the vasculature is a central event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the signals that mediate this process are only partially understood. Prompted by putative links between inflammation and atherosclerosis, we previously reported that alpha-defensins released by neutrophils are present in human atherosclerotic lesions and promote the binding of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to vascular cells without a concomitant increase in degradation. We have now tested the hypothesis that this accumulation results from the propensity of defensin to form stable complexes with Lp(a) that divert the lipoprotein from its normal cellular degradative pathways to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In accord with this hypothesis, defensin stimulated the binding of Lp(a) to vascular matrices approximately 40-fold and binding of the reactants to the matrix was essentially irreversible. Defensin formed stable, multivalent complexes with Lp(a) and with its components, apoprotein (a) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), as assessed by optical biosensor analysis, gel filtration, and immunoelectron microscopy. Binding of defensin/Lp(a) complexes to matrix was inhibited (>90%) by heparin and by antibodies to fibronectin (>70%), but not by antibodies to vitronectin or thrombospondin. Defensin increased the binding of Lp(a) (10 nmol/L) to purified fibronectin more than 30-fold. Whereas defensin and Lp(a) readily traversed the endothelial cell membranes individually, defensin/Lp(a) complexes lodged on the cell surface. These studies demonstrate that alpha-defensins released from activated or senescent neutrophils stimulate the binding of an atherogenic lipoprotein to the ECM of endothelial cells, a process that may contribute to lipoprotein accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bdeir
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, Cell Biology, and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karikó K, Kuo A, Barnathan E. Overexpression of urokinase receptor in mammalian cells following administration of the in vitro transcribed encoding mRNA. Gene Ther 1999; 6:1092-100. [PMID: 10455412 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability to overexpress physiologically important proteins in cultured mammalian cells after delivering the encoding mRNAs could have important applications for analyzing their in vivo functions. To explore the potential of this approach, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a membrane protein extensively modified post-translationally, was selected. The uPAR-encoding mRNAs, containing different 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) were tested in cultured human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells following a cationic lipid-mediated delivery. The most effective structure was the capped and polyadenylated transcript containing Xenopus beta-globin 5' and 3' UTRs. Delivering this mRNA to HOS cells resulted in a significant increase of uPAR expression in 89% of the cells, measured by flow cytometry. Using a radioligand binding assay, the increase in functional uPAR levels was found to be up eight- to 11-fold between 8 and 48 h and up three-fold at 72 h after delivery. A similar increase in uPAR levels was achievable in a number of mammalian cell lines. Surprisingly, poly(A)-tailed mRNA leading to a uPAR production highest in magnitude and duration did not demonstrate increased intracellular stability compared with other tested mRNAs. Thus, the exceptional translational performance is not likely the result of an increased mRNA half-life. These results demonstrate that, after delivery of selected mRNAs into mammalian cells, immediate and significant overexpression of a post-translationally modified protein is achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Karikó
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chang AW, Kuo A, Barnathan ES, Okada SS. Urokinase receptor-dependent upregulation of smooth muscle cell adhesion to vitronectin by urokinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1855-60. [PMID: 9848876 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.12.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plasminogen activator system has been implicated in the modulation of the response to vascular injury. Although urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) may enhance matrix degradation as well as migration and invasion by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), their roles in cell adhesion are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the ability of uPA and uPAR to modulate adhesion of cultured human vascular SMCs to various matrices. We demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulation of adhesion by single-chain uPA (scuPA) to vitronectin (maximum 1.55-fold [+/-0. 04-fold] increase, 10 nmol/L, P<0.002) but not to laminin, collagen I, or collagen IV. Baseline adhesion to vitronectin was completely inhibited by both EDTA and RGD peptide but was restored to >40% of control in the presence of scuPA (P=0.001 and 0.046, respectively). Adhesion to vitronectin was also significantly enhanced by the amino-terminal fragment of uPA (P=0.007) and two-chain, high-molecular-weight uPA (P<0.01) but not by the low-molecular-weight fragment of uPA, which lacks the receptor-binding domain. Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, had no effect on baseline or scuPA-stimulated adhesion, suggesting a plasmin-independent process. Preincubation of scuPA with soluble uPAR inhibited scuPA stimulation of adhesion by 88+/-14% (P=0.01), as did pretreatment of SMCs with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, which removes glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, including uPAR. Antibodies to both alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrin inhibited baseline adhesion but not scuPA stimulation. Finally, coating plates with scuPA alone enabled cell adhesion, which could be inhibited by both soluble uPAR and anti-uPAR antibodies. These data suggest that uPA stimulates adhesion of SMCs specifically to vitronectin and that it is mediated by an interaction with uPAR. Upregulation of both proteins after vascular injury may facilitate migration through stimulation of both matrix degradation and cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Chang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao K, Wang W, Rando OJ, Xue Y, Swiderek K, Kuo A, Crabtree GR. Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling. Cell 1998; 95:625-36. [PMID: 9845365 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation is accompanied by visible changes in chromatin structure. We find that antigen receptor signaling induces the rapid association of the BAF complex with chromatin. PIP2, which is regulated by activation stimuli, is sufficient in vitro to target the BAF complex to chromatin, but it has no effect on related chromatin remodeling complexes containing SNF2L or hISWI. Purification and peptide sequencing of the subunits of the complex revealed beta-actin as well as a novel actin-related protein, BAF53. beta-actin and BAF53 are required for maximal ATPase activity of BRG1 and are also required with BRG1 for association of the complex with chromatin/matrix. This work indicates that membrane signals control the activity of the mammalian SWI/SNF or BAF complex and demonstrates a direct interface between signaling and chromatin regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Zhao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, California 94305-5323, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pinkas-Kramarski R, Shelly M, Guarino BC, Wang LM, Lyass L, Alroy I, Alimandi M, Kuo A, Moyer JD, Lavi S, Eisenstein M, Ratzkin BJ, Seger R, Bacus SS, Pierce JH, Andrews GC, Yarden Y, Alamandi M. ErbB tyrosine kinases and the two neuregulin families constitute a ligand-receptor network. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:6090-101. [PMID: 9742126 PMCID: PMC109195 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.10.6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently isolated second family of neuregulins, NRG2, shares its primary receptors, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4, and induction of mammary cell differentiation with NRG1 isoforms, suggesting functional redundancy of the two growth factor families. To address this possibility, we analyzed receptor specificity of NRGs by using an engineered cellular system. The activity of isoform-specific but partly overlapping patterns of specificities that collectively activate all eight ligand-stimulatable ErbB dimers was revealed. Specifically, NRG2-alpha [corrected], like NRG1-beta [corrected], emerges as a narrow-specificity ligand, whereas NRG2-beta [corrected] is a pan-ErbB ligand that binds with different affinities to all receptor combinations, including those containing ErbB-1, but excluding homodimers of ErbB-2. The latter protein, however, displayed cooperativity with the direct NRG receptors. Apparently, signaling by all NRGs is funneled through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, the duration and potency of MAPK activation depend on the identity of the stimulatory ligand-receptor ternary complex. We conclude that the NRG-ErbB network represents a complex and nonredundant machinery developed for fine-tuning of signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pinkas-Kramarski
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Higazi AA, Bdeir K, Hiss E, Arad S, Kuo A, Barghouti I, Cines DB. Lysis of plasma clots by urokinase-soluble urokinase receptor complexes. Blood 1998; 92:2075-83. [PMID: 9731065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA), the unique form secreted by cells, expresses little intrinsic plasminogen activator activity. scuPA can be activated by proteolytic cleavage to form a two-chain enzyme (tcuPA), which is susceptible to inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1). scuPA is also activated when it binds to its cellular receptor (uPAR), in which case the protein remains as a single chain molecule with less susceptibility to PAIs. Fibrin clots are invested with PAI-1 derived from plasma and from activated platelets. Therefore, we compared the fibrinolytic activity of complexes between scuPA and recombinant soluble uPAR (suPAR) to that of scuPA, tcuPA, and tcuPA/suPAR complexes. scuPA/suPAR complexes mediated the lysis of plasma-derived fibrin clots 14-fold more extensively than did equimolar concentrations of scuPA and threefold more extensively than did tcuPA or tcuPA/suPAR, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity of scuPA/suPAR required that all three domains of the receptor be present, correlated with its PAI-1 resistance, was not dependent on fibrin alone, and required a plasma cofactor that was identified as IgG. Human IgG bound specifically to suPAR and scuPA/suPAR as determined by using affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation. Plasma depleted of IgG lost most of its capacity to promote the fibrinolytic activity of scuPA/suPAR, and the activity of the complex was restored by adding plasma concentrations of purified IgG. These studies indicate that scuPA/suPAR can function as a plasminogen activator in a physiological milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chao CW, Chan DC, Kuo A, Leder P. The mouse formin (Fmn) gene: abundant circular RNA transcripts and gene-targeted deletion analysis. Mol Med 1998; 4:614-28. [PMID: 9848078 PMCID: PMC2230310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the mouse formin (Fmn) gene result in limb deformities and incompletely penetrant renal aplasia. A molecular genetic approach was taken to characterize novel circular RNAs from the Fmn gene and to understand the developmental effects of gene-targeted mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS RT-PCR and ribonuclease protection analyses were done to characterize the circular RNA transcripts arising from the Fmn gene. Two lines of mice with gene-targeted deletions of specific Fmn exons, namely exon 4 or exon 5, were generated and analyzed. RESULTS In our analysis of formin cDNAs, we discovered a class of transcripts in which the exon order is reversed such that downstream exons are joined to the acceptor end of a specific exon that lies 5' to them in the genome. RT-PCR and ribonuclease protection analyses indicate that these transcripts are circular and are the major transcripts arising from this locus in adult brain and kidney. To gain insight into the biological function of these transcripts, we have systematically deleted the relevant exons using gene-targeted homologous recombination. The resulting mice fail to produce circular transcripts, but appear to produce normal amounts of the linear RNA isoforms from this locus. While these deficient mice have normal limbs, they display variably penetrant renal aplasia characteristic of other mutant formin alleles. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate novel circular transcripts arising from the Fmn gene. Moreover, their high levels of expression suggest that they are not products of aberrant splicing events, but instead, may play important biological roles. Mice with gene-targeted deletions of Fmn exons 4 or 5 lack these circular transcripts and have an incompletely penetrant renal agenesis phenotype. While the biologic function of circular Fmn RNA transcripts is not entirely known, our work suggests their possible involvement in kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Chao
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD5, expressed on all T cells and the B1 subset of B cells, modulates antigen receptor-mediated activation. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with its cytoplasmic domain and play a role in CD5 proximal signaling events. We found that the beta subunit of the serine/threonine kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) interacts specifically with the cytoplasmic domain of CD5. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed activation-independent association of CK2 with CD5 in human and murine B and T cell lines and murine splenocytes. The interaction of CK2 holoenzyme with CD5 is mediated by the amino terminus of the regulatory subunit beta. CK2 binds and phosphorylates CD5 at the CK2 motifs flanked by Ser459 and Ser461. Cross-linking of CD5 leads to the activation of CD5-associated CK2 in a murine B-lymphoma cell line and a human T-leukemia cell line and is independent of net recruitment of CK2 to CD5. In contrast, CK2 is not activated following cross-linking of the B cell receptor complex or the T cell receptor complex. This direct regulation of CK2 by a cell surface receptor provides a novel pathway for control of cell activation that could play a significant role in regulation of CD5-dependent antigen receptor activation in T and B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Raman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Okada SS, Golden MA, Raghunath PN, Tomaszewski JE, David ML, Kuo A, Kariko K, Barnathan ES. Native atherosclerosis and vein graft arterialization: association with increased urokinase receptor expression in vitro and in vivo. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80:140-7. [PMID: 9684800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of proteases with cell surface receptors may modulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and matrix degradation. Since the plasminogen activator system has been hypothesized to play a role in intimal thickening after various types of vascular injury, we first studied the expression of urokinase receptor (u-PAR) protein and mRNA by smooth muscle cells (SMC) grown in explant cultures from normal and diseased vessels. Using equilibrium binding studies with radiolabeled 125I-labeled single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA), we determined that SMC cultured from atherosclerotic arteries expressed a higher maximal number of binding sites/cell (3.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) sites/cell vs. 2.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(5), +/- SEM, p < 0.05) with a similar affinity (Kd = 1.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.2 nM, p = ns). However, SMC subcultured from diseased saphenous vein grafts expressed the highest levels of u-PAR compared to SMC from normal saphenous vein (4.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) sites/cell vs. 1.6 +/- 0.9 x 10(5), +/- SEM, p < 0.05). Using binding studies and Northern analysis, we demonstrated a dose and time dependent upregulation of u-PAR protein and mRNA expression respectively in human SMC in response to serum stimulation. Using a rabbit specific u-PAR cDNA probe, we demonstrated a similar upregulation of u-PAR mRNA both in rabbit aortic SMC in culture in response to serum stimulation and up to a 20 fold increase in u-PAR mRNA in rabbit jugular veins in response to implantation as arterial grafts in vivo. Finally, to confirm that u-PAR mRNA is upregulated in human vessels after injury, we performed immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies on coronary arteries, normal saphenous veins and saphenous veins from 10 weeks to 13 years after implantation as grafts. u-PAR mRNA was found mainly in the periadventitial microcirculation in normal veins, but was found to be upregulated in the neointima and media of thickened veins in both macrophages and smooth muscle cells. SMC near the internal elastic laminae in diseased coronary arteries appeared to express increased u-PAR mRNA. These data suggest that this increased expression of u-PAR may contribute to early lesion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Okada
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang LM, Kuo A, Alimandi M, Veri MC, Lee CC, Kapoor V, Ellmore N, Chen XH, Pierce JH. ErbB2 expression increases the spectrum and potency of ligand-mediated signal transduction through ErbB4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:6809-14. [PMID: 9618494 PMCID: PMC22644 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 3-dependent murine 32D cells do not detectably express members of the ErbB receptor family and do not proliferate in response to known ligands for these receptors. 32D transfectants were generated expressing human ErbB4 alone (32D.E4) or with ErbB2 (32D.E2/E4). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), neuregulin 1-beta (NRG1-beta), betacellulin (BTC), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), heparin binding-EGF (HB-EGF), and amphiregulin were analyzed for their ability to mediate mitogenesis in these transfectants. 32D.E4 responded mitogenically to NRG1-beta and BTC. Surprisingly, EGF also induced significant DNA synthesis and TGF-alpha was negligibly mitogenic on 32D.E4 cells, whereas HB-EGF and amphiregulin were inactive. Although coexpression of ErbB2 with ErbB4 in 32D.E2/E4 cells did not significantly alter DNA synthesis in response to NRG1-beta or BTC, it greatly enhanced mitogenesis elicited by EGF and TGF-alpha and unmasked the ability of HB-EGF to induce proliferation. EGF-related ligands that exhibited potent mitogenic activity on 32D.E2/E4 cells at low concentrations induced adherence, morphological alterations, and up-regulation of the Mac-1 integrin and FcgammaRII/III at higher concentrations. While 125I-EGF could be specifically crosslinked to both 32D.E4 and 32D.E2/E4 cells, its crosslinking capacity was greatly enhanced in the cotransfected cells. The ability of the various ligands to mediate proliferation and/or adhesion in the two transfectants correlated with their capacity to induce substrate tyrosine phosphorylation and to initiate and sustain activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. We conclude that the ability of ErbB4 to mediate signal transduction through EGF-like ligands is broader than previously assumed and can be profoundly altered by the concomitant expression of ErbB2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1E24, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|