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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Filippova TA, Tumilovich AM, Strushkevich NV, Gilep AA, Khudoklinova YY, Shumyantseva VV. Bielectrode Strategy for Determination of CYP2E1 Catalytic Activity: Electrodes with Bactosomes and Voltammetric Determination of 6-Hydroxychlorzoxazone. Biomedicines 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 38255257 PMCID: PMC10812958 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a bielectrode system for evaluation of the electrocatalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) towards chlorzoxazone. One electrode of the system was employed to immobilize Bactosomes with human CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), and cytochrome b5 (cyt b5). The second electrode was used to quantify CYP2E1-produced 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone by its direct electrochemical oxidation, registered using square-wave voltammetry. Using this system, we determined the steady-state kinetic parameters of chlorzoxazone hydroxylation by CYP2E1 of Bactosomes immobilized on the electrode: the maximal reaction rate (Vmax) was 1.64 ± 0.08 min-1, and the Michaelis constant (KM) was 78 ± 9 μM. We studied the electrochemical characteristics of immobilized Bactosomes and have revealed that electron transfer from the electrode occurs both to the flavin prosthetic groups of CPR and the heme iron ions of CYP2E1 and cyt b5. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that CPR has the capacity to activate CYP2E1 electrocatalytic activity towards chlorzoxazone, likely through intermolecular electron transfer from the electrochemically reduced form of CPR to the CYP2E1 heme iron ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Rami A. Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana A. Filippova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya M. Tumilovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Natallia V. Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Yulia Yu. Khudoklinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria V. Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
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Tsybruk TV, Kaluzhskiy LA, Mezentsev YV, Makarieva TN, Tabakmaher KM, Ivanchina NV, Dmitrenok PS, Baranovsky AV, Gilep AA, Ivanov AS. Molecular Cloning, Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Evaluation of Protein-Ligand Interactions of CYP51 of Candida krusei Azole-Resistant Fungal Strain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2873. [PMID: 38001874 PMCID: PMC10668980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of fungal diseases caused by fungi of the genus Candida and the development of pathogen resistance to available drugs, the need to find new effective antifungal agents has increased. Azole antifungals, which are inhibitors of sterol-14α-demethylase or CYP51, have been widely used in the treatment of fungal infections over the past two decades. Of special interest is the study of C. krusei CYP51, since this fungus exhibit resistance not only to azoles, but also to other antifungal drugs and there is no available information about the ligand-binding properties of CYP51 of this pathogen. We expressed recombinant C. krusei CYP51 in E. coli cells and obtained a highly purified protein. Application of the method of spectrophotometric titration allowed us to study the interaction of C. krusei CYP51 with various ligands. In the present work, the interaction of C. krusei CYP51 with azole inhibitors, and natural and synthesized steroid derivatives was evaluated. The obtained data indicate that the resistance of C. krusei to azoles is not due to the structural features of CYP51 of this microorganism, but rather to another mechanism. Promising ligands that demonstrated sufficiently strong binding in the micromolar range to C. krusei CYP51 were identified, including compounds 99 (Kd = 1.02 ± 0.14 µM) and Ch-4 (Kd = 6.95 ± 0.80 µM). The revealed structural features of the interaction of ligands with the active site of C. krusei CYP51 can be taken into account in the further development of new selective modulators of the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana V. Tsybruk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Leonid A. Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Yuri V. Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Tatyana N. Makarieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Kseniya M. Tabakmaher
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.N.M.); (K.M.T.); (N.V.I.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Alexander V. Baranovsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.B.); (A.A.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
| | - Alexis S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10 Building 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.K.); (Y.V.M.)
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3
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Koroleva PI, Gilep AA, Kraevsky SV, Tsybruk TV, Shumyantseva VV. Improving the Efficiency of Electrocatalysis of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Modifying the Electrode with Membrane Protein Streptolysin O for Studying the Metabolic Transformations of Drugs. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13040457. [PMID: 37185532 PMCID: PMC10136652 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with a synthetic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and streptolysin O (SLO) were prepared for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) immobilization, direct non-catalytic and catalytic electrochemistry. The immobilized CYP3A4 demonstrated a pair of redox peaks with a formal potential of -0.325 ± 0.024 V (vs. the Ag/AgCl reference electrode). The electron transfer process showed a surface-controlled mechanism ("protein film voltammetry") with an electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 0.203 ± 0.038 s-1. Electrochemical CYP3A4-mediated reaction of N-demethylation of erythromycin was explored with the following parameters: an applied potential of -0.5 V and a duration time of 20 min. The system with DDAB/SLO as the electrode modifier showed conversion of erythromycin with an efficiency higher than the electrode modified with DDAB only. Confining CYP3A4 inside the protein frame of SLO accelerated the enzymatic reaction. The increases in product formation in the reaction of the electrochemical N-demethylation of erythromycin for SPE/DDAB/CYP3A4 and SPE/DDAB/SLO/CYP3A4 were equal to 100 ± 22% and 297 ± 7%, respectively. As revealed by AFM images, the SPE/DDAB/SLO possessed a more developed surface with protein cavities in comparison with SPE/DDAB for the effective immobilization of the CYP3A4 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I Koroleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey V Kraevsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Tsybruk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Rodriguez-Antona C, Savieo JL, Lauschke VM, Sangkuhl K, Drögemöller BI, Wang D, van Schaik RHN, Gilep AA, Peter AP, Boone EC, Ramey BE, Klein TE, Whirl-Carrillo M, Pratt VM, Gaedigk A. PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP3A5. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:1159-1171. [PMID: 35202484 PMCID: PMC9399309 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogs star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP3A5 gene. Genetic variation within the CYP3A5 gene locus impacts the metabolism of several clinically important drugs, including the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and the benzodiazepine midazolam. Variable CYP3A5 activity is of clinical importance regarding tacrolimus metabolism. This GeneFocus provides a CYP3A5 gene summary with a focus on aspects regarding standardized nomenclature. In addition, this review also summarizes recent changes and updates, including the retirement of several allelic variants and provides an overview of how PharmVar CYP3A5 star allele nomenclature is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Britt I Drögemöller
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arul P Peter
- Coriell Life Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin C Boone
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Victoria M Pratt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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5
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Shumyantseva VV, Koroleva PI, Bulko TV, Shkel TV, Gilep AA, Veselovsky AV. Approaches for increasing the electrocatalitic efficiency of cytochrome P450 3A4. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 149:108277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yablokov EO, Sushko TA, Kaluzhskiy LA, Kavaleuski AA, Mezentsev YV, Ershov PV, Gilep AA, Ivanov АS, Strushkevich NV. Substrate-induced modulation of protein-protein interactions within human mitochondrial cytochrome P450-dependent system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105793. [PMID: 33271253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is strictly regulated at multiple levels, as produced steroid hormones are crucial to maintain physiological functions. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are key players in adrenal steroid hormone biosynthesis and function within short redox-chains in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, mechanisms regulating supply of reducing equivalents in the mitochondrial CYP-dependent system are not fully understood. In the present work, we aimed to estimate how the specific steroids, substrates, intermediates and products of multistep reactions modulate protein-protein interactions between adrenodoxin (Adx) and mitochondrial CYP11 s. Using the SPR technology we determined that steroid substrates affect affinity and stability of CYP11s-Adx complexes in an isoform-specific mode. In particular, cholesterol induces a 4-fold increase in the rate of CYP11A1 - Adx complex formation without significant effect on dissociation (koff decreased ∼1.5-fold), overall increasing complex affinity. At the same time steroid substrates decrease the affinity of both CYP11B1 - Adx and CYP11B2 - Adx complexes, predominantly reducing their stability (4-7 fold). This finding reveals differentiation of protein-protein interactions within the mitochondrial pool of CYPs, which have the same electron donor. The regulation of electron supply by the substrates might affect the overall steroid hormones production. Our experimental data provide further insight into protein-protein interactions within CYP-dependent redox chains involved in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia.
| | - T A Sushko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6 - 1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L A Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kavaleuski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevicha str. 5/2, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Y V Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Kuprevicha str. 5/2, Minsk, Belarus
| | - А S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Strushkevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
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Kaluzhskiy LA, Ershov PV, Yablokov EO, Mezentsev YV, Gnedenko OV, Shkel TV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Ivanov AS. [Screening of potential non-azole inhibitors of lanosterol14-alpha demethylase (CYP51) of Candida fungi]. Biomed Khim 2021; 67:42-50. [PMID: 33645521 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, opportunistic fungi of the genus Candida are the main causative agents of mycoses, which are especially severe upon condition of acquired immunodeficiency. The main target for the development of new antimycotics is the cytochrome P450 51 (CYP51) of the pathogenic fungus. Due to the widespread distribution of Candida strains resistancy to inhibitors of the azole class, the screening for CYP51 inhibitors both among non-azole compounds and among clinically used drugs repurposing as antimycotics is becoming urgent. To identify potential inhibitors from the non-azole group, an integrated approach was applied, including bioinformatics analysis, computer molecular modeling, and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. Using in silico modeling, the binding sites for acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, chlorpromazine and haloperidol (this compounds, according to the literature, showed antimycotic activity) were predicted in the active site of CYP51 of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The Kd values of molecular complexes of acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and haloperidol with CYP51, determined by SPR analysis, ranged from 18 μM to 126 μM. It was also shown that structural derivatives of haloperidol, containing various substituents, could be positioned in the active site of CYP51 of Candida albicans with the possible formation of coordination bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the derivatives and the iron atom in the heme of CYP51. Thus, the potential basic structures of non-azole compounds have been proposed, which can be used for the design of new CYP51 inhibitors of Candida fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P V Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E O Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O V Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Ershov PV, Veselovsky AV, Mezentsev YV, Yablokov EO, Kaluzhskiy LA, Tumilovich AM, Kavaleuski AA, Gilep AA, Moskovkina TV, Medvedev AE, Ivanov AS. Mechanism of the Affinity-Enhancing Effect of Isatin on Human Ferrochelatase and Adrenodoxin Reductase Complex Formation: Implication for Protein Interactome Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7605. [PMID: 33066693 PMCID: PMC7593955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatin (indole-2, 3-dione) is a non-peptide endogenous bioregulator exhibiting a wide spectrum of biological activity, realized in the cell via interactions with numerous isatin-binding proteins, their complexes, and (sub) interactomes. There is increasing evidence that isatin may be involved in the regulation of complex formations by modulating the affinity of the interacting protein partners. Recently, using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis, we have found that isatin in a concentration dependent manner increased interaction between two human mitochondrial proteins, ferrochelatase (FECH), and adrenodoxine reductase (ADR). In this study, we have investigated the affinity-enhancing effect of isatin on the FECH/ADR interaction. The SPR analysis has shown that FECH forms not only homodimers, but also FECH/ADR heterodimers. The affinity-enhancing effect of isatin on the FECH/ADR interaction was highly specific and was not reproduced by structural analogues of isatin. Bioinformatic analysis performed using three dimensional (3D) models of the interacting proteins and in silico molecular docking revealed the most probable mechanism involving FECH/isatin/ADR ternary complex formation. In this complex, isatin is targeted to the interface of interacting FECH and ADR monomers, forming hydrogen bonds with both FECH and ADR. This is a new regulatory mechanism by which isatin can modulate protein-protein interactions (PPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Alexander V. Veselovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Yuri V. Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Evgeniy O. Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Leonid A. Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Anastasiya M. Tumilovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (A.A.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Anton A. Kavaleuski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (A.A.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (A.A.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Taisiya V. Moskovkina
- Far East Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Alexei E. Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Alexis S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 140006 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (Y.V.M.); (E.O.Y.); (L.A.K.); (A.E.M.); (A.S.I.)
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9
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Makhova AA, Shikh EV, Bulko TV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Shumyantseva VV. No effect of lipoic acid on catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0105. [PMID: 32712589 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives α-Lipoic acid is used as an antioxidant in multivitamin formulations to restore the normal level of intracellular glutathione after depletion caused by environmental pollutants or during physiological aging of the body, as a chelating agent, as a dietary supplement, in anti-aging compositions. Lipoic acid (LA) acts as a buffer in cancer therapy and in therapy of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The effect of LA on the catalytic functions of cytochrome P450 3A4 as the main enzyme of the biotransformation of drugs was studied. It was shown that LA in the concentration range of 50-200 μM affects the stage of electron transfer (stage of cytochrome P450 3A4 heme reduction), decreasing the cathodic reduction current by an average of 20 ± 5%. The kinetic parameters (k cat) of the N-demethylation reaction of erythromycin, the antibiotic of the macrolide group, used as a marker substrate for the comparative analysis of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, both in the presence of α-lipoic acid and in the cytochrome P450 3A4-erythromycin complex, amounted to comparable values of 3.5 ± 0.9 and 3.4 ± 0.9 min-1, respectively. Based on these experimental data, we can conclude that there is no significant effect of α-lipoic acid on the catalysis of cytochrome P450 3A4. These results can be projected on the possibility of using α-lipoic acid in complex therapy without negative impact on the enzymatic cytochrome P450 system. Methods The analysis was performed in electrochemical non-invasive model systems for recording the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, using screen-printed electrodes, modified with membranous didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. Results It was shown that LA did not affect the N-demethylation of macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Catalytic constant (k cat) of N-demethylation of erythromycin corresponds to 3.4 ± 0.9 min-1 and in the presence of LA corresponds to 3.5 ± 0.9 min-1. Conclusions Based on the obtained experimental data, we can conclude that there is no significant effect of α-lipoic acid on individual stages and processes of catalysis of cytochrome P450 3A4. LA can be recommended for inclusion in complex therapy as an antioxidant, antitoxic and chelating compound without negative impact on the enzymatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Makhova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya V Shikh
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Bulko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Victoria V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Koroleva PI, Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Filimonov DA, Dmitriev AV, Zaviyalova MG, Rikova SM, Shich EV, Makhova AA, Bulko TV, Gilep AA, Shumyantseva VV. [Modeling of drug-drug interactions between omeprazole and erythromycin with cytochrome P450 3A4 in vitro assay]. Biomed Khim 2020; 66:241-249. [PMID: 32588830 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206603241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the electrochemical system based on recombinant cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) was used for the investigation of potential drug-drug interaction between medicinal preparations employed for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Drug interactions were demonstrated in association of omeprazole as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and macrolide antibiotic erythromycin during cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism. It was shown that in the presence of omeprazole the rate of N-demethylase activity of CYP3A4 to erythromycin measured by means of product (formaldehyde) formation decreased. Mass-spectrometry analysis of omeprazole sulfone as a CYP3A4-mediated metabolite demonstrated the absence of erythromycin influence on CYP3A4-dependent omeprazole metabolism. This phenomenon may be explained by lower spectral dissociation constant of CYP3A4-omeprazole complex (Kd = 18±2 μM) than that of CYP3A4-erythromycin complex (Kd = 52 μM). Using the electrochemical model of electrochemically-driven drug metabolism it is possible to register CYP3A4-mediated catalytic conversion of certain drugs. In vitro experiments of potential CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions are in accordance with in silico modeling with program PASS and PoSMNA descriptors in the case of omeprazole/erythromycin combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Koroleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A V Dmitriev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S M Rikova
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Shich
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Makhova
- Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Bulko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
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11
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Kuzikov AV, Bulko TV, Koroleva PI, Masamrekh RA, Babkina SS, Gilep AA, Shumyantseva VV. [Electroanalytical and electrocatalytical characteristics of cytochrome P450 3A4 using electrodes modified with nanocomposite carbon nanomaterials]. Biomed Khim 2020; 66:64-70. [PMID: 32116227 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206601064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The electroanalytical characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P450 3A4 (P450 3A4) immobilized on the surface of screen-printed graphite electrodes modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been studied. The role and the influence of graphite working electrode modification with carbon nanotubes on electroanalytical characteristics of cytochrome P450 3A4 have been demonstrated. The conditions for the immobilization of cytochrome P450 3A4 on the obtained screen-printed graphite electrodes modified with carbon multi-walled nanotubes have been optimized. The electrochemical parameters of the oxidation and reduction of the heme iron of the enzyme have been estimated. The midpoint potential E0' was -0.35±0.01 V vs Ag/AgCl; the calculated heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ks, was 0.57±0.04 s-1; the amount of electroactive cytochrome P450 3A4 on the electrode Г0, was determined as (2.6±0.6)⋅10-10 mol/cm2. The functioning mechanism of P450 3A4-based electrochemical sensor followed the "protein film voltammetry". In order to develop electrochemical analysis of drugs being substrates of that hemoprotein and respective medical biosensors the voltammetric study of catalytic activity of immobilized cytochrome P450 3A4 was carried out. Electrocatalytic properties of cytochrome P450 3A4, immobilized on modified screen-printed graphite electrodes, has been investigated using erythromycin (macrolide antibiotics). It has been shown that the modification of electrodes plays a decisive role for the study of the properties of cytochromes P450 in electrochemical investigations. Smart electrodes can serve as sensors for analytical purposes, as well as electrocatalysts for the study of biotransformation processes and metabolic processes. Electrodes modified with carbon nanomaterials are applicable for analytical purposes in the registration of hemoproteins. Electrodes modified with synthetic membrane-like compounds (e.g. didodecyldimethylammonium bromide) are effective in enzyme-dependent electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Bulko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - P I Koroleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Babkina
- Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Filippova TA, Haurychenka YI, Gilep AA, Shkel TV, Strushkevich NV, Usanov SA, Shumyantseva VV. Electrochemical oxidation of estrogens as a method for CYP19A1 (aromatase) electrocatalytic activity determination. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Masamrekh RA, Kuzikov AV, Haurychenka YI, Shcherbakov KA, Veselovsky AV, Filimonov DA, Dmitriev AV, Zavialova MG, Gilep AA, Shkel TV, Strushkevich NV, Usanov SA, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. In vitro
interactions of abiraterone, erythromycin, and CYP3A4: implications for drug–drug interactions. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:120-130. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ostrovityanova Street, 1 Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ostrovityanova Street, 1 Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Yaraslau I. Haurychenka
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ostrovityanova Street, 1 Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Kirill A. Shcherbakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | | | - Dmitrii A. Filimonov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Dmitriev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | - Maria G. Zavialova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2 Minsk BY‐220141 Belarus
| | - Tatsiana V. Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2 Minsk BY‐220141 Belarus
| | - Natallia V. Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2 Minsk BY‐220141 Belarus
| | - Sergey A. Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB 5 Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, Build 2 Minsk BY‐220141 Belarus
| | - Alexander I. Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ostrovityanova Street, 1 Moscow 117997 Russia
| | - Victoria V. Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Pogodinskaya Street, 10, Build 8 Moscow 119121 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Ostrovityanova Street, 1 Moscow 117997 Russia
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14
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Dalidovich TS, Hurski AL, Morozevich GE, Latysheva AS, Sushko TA, Strushkevich NV, Gilep AA, Misharin AY, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. New azole derivatives of [17(20)E]-21-norpregnene: Synthesis and inhibition of prostate carcinoma cell growth. Steroids 2019; 147:10-18. [PMID: 30149075 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of isoxazole, 1,2,3-triazole, tetrazole, and 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives of [17(20)E]-21-norpregnene comprising 3β-hydroxy-5-ene and 3-oxo-4-ene fragments were prepared. Among the key steps for the synthesis of isoxazoles, 1,2,3-triazoles, and tetrazoles were (i) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides or azides to acetylenes or nitriles and ii) dehydration of 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylene-azoles to [17(20)E]-21-norpregnene derivatives. 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles were prepared through the formation of acetimidamides. Potency of the synthesized compounds to inhibit CYP17A1 and to suppress growth of prostate carcinoma cells was investigated. Among the new azole derivatives, four compounds were found possessing high anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana S Dalidovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alaksiej L Hurski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | | | | | - Tatsiana A Sushko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natallia V Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
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15
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Ershov PV, Mezentsev YV, Kopylov AT, Yablokov EO, Svirid AV, Lushchyk AY, Kaluzhskiy LA, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Medvedev AE, Ivanov AS. Affinity Isolation and Mass Spectrometry Identification of Prostacyclin Synthase (PTGIS) Subinteractome. Biology (Basel) 2019; 8:E49. [PMID: 31226805 PMCID: PMC6628129 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS; EC 5.3.99.4) catalyzes isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. At present, limited data exist on functional coupling and possible ways of regulating PTGIS due to insufficient information about protein-protein interactions in which this crucial enzyme is involved. The aim of this study is to isolate protein partners for PTGIS from rat tissue lysates. Using CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B with covalently immobilized PTGIS as an affinity sorbent, we confidently identified 58 unique proteins by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The participation of these proteins in lysate complex formation was characterized by SEC lysate profiling. Several potential members of the PTGIS subinteractome have been validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. SPR revealed that PTGIS interacted with full-length cytochrome P450 2J2 and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In addition, PTGIS was shown to bind synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences of for GSTA1, GSTM1, aldo-keto reductase (AKR1A1), glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3) and histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 2 (HINT2). Prostacyclin synthase could potentially be involved in functional interactions with identified novel protein partners participating in iron and heme metabolism, oxidative stress, xenobiotic and drugs metabolism, glutathione and prostaglandin metabolism. The possible biological role of the recognized interaction is discussed in the context of PTGIS functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Ershov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Mezentsev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Arthur T Kopylov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy O Yablokov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Svirid
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Aliaksandr Ya Lushchyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Leonid A Kaluzhskiy
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Sergey A Usanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, bld. 2 V.F. Kuprevich str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Alexey E Medvedev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexis S Ivanov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121 Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Yantsevich AV, Dzichenka YV, Ivanchik AV, Shapiro MA, Trawkina M, Shkel TV, Gilep AA, Sergeev GV, Usanov SA. [Proteomic analysis of contaminants in recombinant membrane hemeproteins expressed in E. coli and isolated by metal affinity chromatography]. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018; 53:173-87. [PMID: 29508978 DOI: 10.1134/s000368381702017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contaminating proteins have been identified by “shotgun” proteomic analysis in 14 recombinant preparations of human membrane heme- and flavoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of ten proteins was performed on Ni2+-NTA-sepharose 6B, and the remaining four proteins were purified by ligand affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-sepharose 4B. Proteomic analysis allowed to detect 50 protein impurities from E. coli. The most common contaminant was Elongation factor Tu2. It is characterized by a large dipole moment and a cluster arrangement of acidic amino acid residues that mediate the specific interaction with the sorbent. Peptidyl prolyl-cis-trans isomerase SlyD, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, and catalase HPII that contained repeating HxH, QxQ, and RxR fragments capable of specific interaction with the sorbent were identified among the protein contaminants as well. GroL/GroS chaperonins were probably copurified due to the formation of complexes with the target proteins. The Ni2+ cations leakage from the sorbent during lead to formation of free carboxyl groups that is the reason of cation exchanger properties of the sorbent. This was the putative reason for the copurification of basic proteins, such as the ribosomal proteins of E. coli and the widely occurring uncharacterized protein YqjD. The results of the analysis revealed variation in the contaminant composition related to the type of protein expressed. This is probably related to the reaction of E. coli cell proteome to the expression of a foreign protein. We concluded that the nature of the protein contaminants in a preparation of a recombinant protein purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography on a certain sorbent could be predicted if information on the host cell proteome were available.
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17
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Ershov PV, Mezentsev YV, Yablokov EO, Kalushskiy LA, Florinskaya AV, Svirid AV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Medvedev AE, Ivanov AS. [Study specificity of isatin interactions with P450 cytochromes]. Biomed Khim 2018; 64:61-65. [PMID: 29460836 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186401061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase systems exist basically in all living organisms, where they perform various important functions. The coordinated functioning of these systems involves many proteins participating in different protein-protein interactions (PPI). Previously, we have found that the endogenous non-peptide bioregulator isatin (indoledione-2,3), synthesized from indole by means of certain cytochromes P450 (e.g. P450 2E1, P450 2C19, P450 2A6) regulates affinity of some PPI. In this work, an attempt has been undertaken to register a direct interaction of isatin with a set of different proteins related to the functioning of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase: five isoforms of cytochromes P450, two isoforms of cytochrome b5, cytochrome P450 reductase, adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin reductase and ferrochelatase. The study has shown that isatin binds specifically only to cytochromes P450 with high affinity (the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) is about 10-8 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E O Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A V Svirid
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Kaluzhskiy LA, Shkel TV, Ivanchina NV, Kicha AA, Grabovec IP, Gilep AA, Strushkevich NV, Chernovetsky MA, Medvedev AE, Usanov SA, Ivanov AS. Structural Analogues of Lanosterol from Marine Organisms of the Class Asteroidea as Potential Inhibitors of Human and Candida albicans Lanosterol 14α-demethylases. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanosterol 14α-demethylases (hemoproteins of the cytochrome P450(51) family) are involved in biosynthesis of different membrane sterols, including animal cholesterol, fungal ergosterol and C24-modified plant and protozoa sterols. In this study we have investigated 10 structural analogs of lanosterol isolated from echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea as potential ligands (competitive inhibitors) of human and Candida albicans cytochromes P450(51). The study was performed using the surface plasmon resonance method, spectrophotometric titration and enzyme assay. Among the compounds tested we found several selective ligands for human and Candida albicans cytochromes. Between selective ligands of the human lanosterol 14α-demethylase we found two novel inhibitors of this enzyme: henricioside H1 and levisculoside G from Henricia derjugini. With due consideration of obtained data, we conclude that marine organisms from the class Asteroidea can be a valuable source of new lead compounds for creation of selective inhibitors of cytochromes P450(51) family with less side effects due to their selective action on these enzymes in different types of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street, 10/8, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Tatsiana V. Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 5/2, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 letya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Irina P. Grabovec
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 5/2, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 5/2, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
| | - Natallia V. Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 5/2, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
| | - Mikhail A. Chernovetsky
- National Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Frunzenskaya street, 43, Borovlyany, Minsk region, 223053, Belarus
| | - Alexei E. Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street, 10/8, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academician V.F. Kuprevich Street, 5/2, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
| | - Alexis S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street, 10/8, Moscow, 119121, Russia
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19
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Vasilevskaya AV, Yantsevich AV, Sergeev GV, Lemish AP, Usanov SA, Gilep AA. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme involved in vitamin D and 7-dehydrocholesterol metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:202-209. [PMID: 27289046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Problems arising during treatment of tuberculosis are well known, therefore studies of Mycobacterium drug molecular targets are an area of particular importance. Members of the cytochrome P450 family (CYP) may belong to potential candidates for drug targets being involved in metabolism of biologically important molecules in the host organism. CYP124 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTCYP124) catalyzes ω-hydroxylation of methyl-branched lipids. The data obtained in the present study indicate that this enzyme can also oxidize provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol) and vitamin D3. We found that the final product is different from 1α- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, so we propose that MTCYP124 is involved in alternative pathway for metabolism of vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vasilevskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus
| | - A V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus
| | - G V Sergeev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus
| | - A P Lemish
- Institute of an Experimental Veterinary Science n. S.N. Wyshelesski, 220003, Minsk, Briketa 28, Belarus
| | - S A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus
| | - A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus.
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20
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Shcherbinin DS, Gnedenko OV, Khmeleva SA, Usanov SA, Gilep AA, Yantsevich AV, Shkel TV, Yushkevich IV, Radko SP, Ivanov AS, Veselovsky AV, Archakov AI. Computer-aided design of aptamers for cytochrome p450. J Struct Biol 2015; 191:112-9. [PMID: 26166326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity. Usually, they are experimentally selected using the SELEX method. Here, we describe an approach toward the in silico selection of aptamers for proteins. This approach involves three steps: finding a potential binding site, designing the recognition and structural parts of the aptamers and evaluating the experimental affinity. Using this approach, a set of 15-mer aptamers for cytochrome P450 51A1 was designed using docking and molecular dynamics simulation. An experimental evaluation of the synthesized aptamers using SPR biosensor showed that these aptamers interact with cytochrome P450 51A1 with Kd values in the range of 10(-6)-10(-7) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S Shcherbinin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Oksana V Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Khmeleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Sergey A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Aliaksei V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana V Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Ivan V Yushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
| | - Sergey P Radko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexis S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | | | - Alexander I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str., 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Kaluzhsiy LA, Gnedenko OV, Gilep AA, Strushkevich NV, Shkel TV, Chernovetsky MA, Ivanov AS, Lisitsa AV, Usanov AS, Stonik VA, Archakov AI. [The screening of the inhibitors of the human cytochrome P450(51) (CYP51A1): the plant and animal structural lanosterol's analogs]. Biomed Khim 2015; 60:528-37. [PMID: 25386880 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20146005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis regulation is the important part of the hypercholesterolemia diseases therapy. The inhibition of the post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis steps provide the alternative to classic statin therapy. Sterol-14a-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the hypothetical targets for it. In this work the screening of the ability to interact with human CYP51 (CYP51A1) for the nature low-weight compounds with steroid-like scaffold were performed by integration of the surface plasmon resonance biosensor and spectral titration methods. The results of the selection were 4 compounds (betulafolientriol, holothurin A, teasaponin, capsicoside A) witch had high affinity to the CYP51A1 active site. These data extend the range of compounds which may be used as specific inhibitors of CYP51 and give the permission to suggest the dynamic of the enzyme.
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Abstract
To understand the role of the structural elements of cytochrome b5 in its interaction with cytochrome P450 and the catalysis performed by this heme protein, we carried out comparative structural and functional analysis of the two major mammalian forms of membrane-bound cytochrome b5 - microsomal and mitochondrial, designed chimeric forms of the heme proteins in which the hydrophilic domain of one heme protein is replaced by the hydrophilic domain of another one, and investigated the effect of the highly purified native and chimeric heme proteins on the enzymatic activity of recombinant cytochromes P4503A4 and P45017A1 (CYP3A4 and CYP17A1). We show that the presence of a hydrophobic domain in the structure of cytochrome b5 is necessary for its effective interaction with its redox partners, while the nature of the hydrophobic domain has no significant effect on the ability of cytochrome b5 to stimulate the activity of cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions. Thus, the functional properties of cytochrome b5 are mainly determined by the structure of the heme-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Sergeev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus.
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Sushko TA, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Genetics, structure, function, mode of actions and role in cancer development of CYP17. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:66-76. [PMID: 24007292 DOI: 10.2174/187152061131300330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most prostate and breast cancers are hormone dependent. The inhibition of steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20- lyase (CYP17), which is a crucial enzyme for steroid hormone biosynthesis, is widely used to treat androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PC). CYP17 has dual enzymatic activity: 17alpha-hydroxylase activity (utilizing delta4- C21 steroids as substrates) and the 17,20-lyase activity (using delta5- C21 steroids as substrates). The steroid biosynthetic pathway is directed to either the production of corticosteroids or sex hormones depending on the activity of CYP17. In this review, the current information on the genetics, molecular structure, substrate specificity and inhibitors of CYP17 is analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Kuprevicha str. 5/2, Belarus.
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Dmitrochenko AE, Turiianskaia OM, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Iantsevich AV. [An effective scheme to produce recombinant uracil-DNA glycosylase of Escherichia coli for PCR diagnostics]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2014; 50:398-407. [PMID: 25707116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective scheme has been developed to produce recombinant uracil-DNA glycosylase of Escherichia coli K12 intended to be used for PCR diagnostics, making it possible to achieve a high yield of the end product using a two-stage purification. The gene encoding this enzyme was cloned into the pCWori vector within the same reading frame with six residues of histidine in the C-erminal sequence. Using this vector and the E. coli DH5alpha, a host-vector expression system has been developed and conditions for protein synthesis have been optimized. To purify the protein, metal affinity chromatography with further dialysis was used to remove imidazole. The enzyme yield was no less than 60 mg of the end protein per 1 L of the culture medium. The concordance between amino acid sequences of the recombinant and native enzymes was proved by peptide mass fingerprinting and mass spectrometry. A rapid test to determine the activity of the enzyme preparation was suggested. It was found that the activity of 1.0 mg of the recombinant protein is no less than 3 x 10(3) units. The recombinant enzyme was most stable at pH 8.0 and an ionic strength of the solution equal to 200 mM; it lost its activity completely for 10 min at 60 degrees C. Storage during 1 h at 20 degrees C resulted in the loss of no more than 30% of activity. In the enzyme preparation, the activity of DNase was absent. The free energy of the unfolding of the protein globule of the recombinant uracil-DNA glycosylase is 23.1 +/- 0.2 kJ/mol. The data obtained indicate that the recombinant enzyme may be recommended for use in PCR diagnostics to prevent the appearance of false positive results caused by pollution of the reaction mixture by products of the preceding reactions.
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Tempel W, Grabovec I, MacKenzie F, Dichenko YV, Usanov SA, Gilep AA, Park HW, Strushkevich N. Structural characterization of human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1925-32. [PMID: 24927729 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic conversion to bile acids is a major elimination route for cholesterol in mammals. CYP7A1 catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in classic bile acid biosynthesis, converting cholesterol to 7α-hydroxycholesterol. To identify the structural determinants that govern the stereospecific hydroxylation of cholesterol, we solved the crystal structure of CYP7A1 in the ligand-free state. The structure-based mutation T104L in the B' helix, corresponding to the nonpolar residue of CYP7B1, was used to obtain crystals of complexes with cholest-4-en-3-one and with cholesterol oxidation product 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh). The structures reveal a motif of residues that promote cholest-4-en-3-one binding parallel to the heme, thus positioning the C7 atom for hydroxylation. Additional regions of the binding cavity (most distant from the access channel) are involved to accommodate the elongated conformation of the aliphatic side chain. Structural complex with 7KCh shows an active site rigidity and provides an explanation for its inhibitory effect. Based on our previously published data, we proposed a model of cholesterol abstraction from the membrane by CYP7A1 for metabolism. CYP7A1 structural data provide a molecular basis for understanding of the diversity of 7α-hydroxylases, on the one hand, and cholesterol-metabolizing enzymes adapted for their specific activity, on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Tempel
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Irina Grabovec
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NAS of Belarus, Minsk, 220141 Belarus
| | - Farrell MacKenzie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Sergey A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NAS of Belarus, Minsk, 220141 Belarus
| | - Andrei A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NAS of Belarus, Minsk, 220141 Belarus
| | - Hee-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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Yantsevich AV, Dichenko YV, Mackenzie F, Mukha DV, Baranovsky AV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Strushkevich NV. Human steroid and oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase CYP7B1: substrate specificity, azole binding and misfolding of clinically relevant mutants. FEBS J 2014; 281:1700-13. [PMID: 24491228 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols and neurosteroids are important signaling molecules produced by monooxygenases of the cytochrome P450 family that realize their effect through nuclear receptors. CYP7B1 catalyzes the 6- or 7-hydroxylation of both steroids and oxysterols and thus is involved in the metabolism of neurosteroids and bile acid synthesis, respectively. The dual physiological role of CYP7B1 is evidenced from different diseases, liver failure and progressive neuropathy, caused by enzyme malfunction. Here we present biochemical characterization of CYP7B1 at the molecular level to understand substrate specificity and susceptibility to azole drugs. Based on our experiments with purified enzyme, the requirements for CYP7B1 hydroxylation of steroid molecules are as follows: C5 hydrogen in the α-configuration (or double bond at C5), a polar group at C17, a hydroxyl group at C3, and the absence of the hydroxyl group at C20-C24 in the C27-sterol side chain. 21-hydroxy-pregnenolone was identified as a new substrate, and overall low activity toward pregnanes could be related to the increased potency of 7-hydroxy derivatives produced by CYP7B1. Metabolic conversion (deactivation) of oxysterols by CYP7B1 in a reconstituted system proceeds via two sequential hydroxylations. Two mutations that are found in patients with diseases, Gly57Arg and Phe216Ser, result in apo-P450 (devoid of heme) protein formation. Our CYP7B1 homology model provides a rationale for understanding clinical mutations and relatively broad substrate specificity for steroid hydroxylase.
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Abstract
CYP17 (steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) is a key enzyme in steroid hormone biosynthesis. It catalyzes two independent reactions at the same active center and has a unique ability to differentiate Δ(4)-steroids and Δ(5)-steroids in the 17,20-lyase reaction. The present work presents a complex experimental analysis of the role of CYP17 in the metabolism of 7-dehydrosteroids. The data indicate the existence of a possible alternative pathway of steroid hormone biosynthesis using 7-dehydrosteroids. The major reaction products of CYP17 catalyzed hydroxylation of 7-dehydropregnenolone have been identified. Catalytic activity of CYP17 from different species with 7-dehydropregnenolone has been estimated. It is shown that CYP21 cannot use Δ(5)-Δ(7) steroids as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Sushko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
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28
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Strushkevich N, Gilep AA, Shen L, Arrowsmith CH, Edwards AM, Usanov SA, Park HW. Structural insights into aldosterone synthase substrate specificity and targeted inhibition. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:315-24. [PMID: 23322723 PMCID: PMC5417327 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is a major mineralocorticoid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Excess aldosterone levels can arise from dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and are implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and heart failure. Aldosterone synthase (cytochrome P450 11B2, CYP11B2) is the sole enzyme responsible for the production of aldosterone in humans. Blocking of aldosterone synthesis by mediating aldosterone synthase activity is thus a recently emerging pharmacological therapy for hypertension, yet a lack of structural information has limited this approach. Here, we present the crystal structures of human aldosterone synthase in complex with a substrate deoxycorticosterone and an inhibitor fadrozole. The structures reveal a hydrophobic cavity with specific features associated with corticosteroid recognition. The substrate binding mode, along with biochemical data, explains the high 11β-hydroxylase activity of aldosterone synthase toward both gluco- and mineralocorticoid formation. The low processivity of aldosterone synthase with a high extent of intermediates release might be one of the mechanisms of controlled aldosterone production from deoxycorticosterone. Although the active site pocket is lined by identical residues between CYP11B isoforms, most of the divergent residues that confer additional 18-oxidase activity of aldosterone synthase are located in the I-helix (vicinity of the O(2) activation path) and loops around the H-helix (affecting an egress channel closure required for retaining intermediates in the active site). This intrinsic flexibility is also reflected in isoform-selective inhibitor binding. Fadrozole binds to aldosterone synthase in the R-configuration, using part of the active site cavity pointing toward the egress channel. The structural organization of aldosterone synthase provides critical insights into the molecular mechanism of catalysis and enables rational design of more specific antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Strushkevich
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.
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Yantsevich AV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Electron transfer properties and catalytic competence of cytochrome b5 in the fusion protein Hmwb5-EGFP in reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 3A4. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2009; 74:862-73. [PMID: 19817686 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper we describe studies on molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions between cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and cytochrome b(5), the latter being incorporated into the artificial recombinant protein Hmwb(5)-EGFP containing full-length cytochrome b(5) (functional module) and a mutant form of the green fluorescent protein EGFP (signal module) fused into a single polypeptide chain. It is shown that cytochrome b(5) within the fusion protein Hmwb(5)-EGFP can be reduced by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in the presence of NADPH, the rate of reduction being dependent on solution ionic strength, indicating that the signal module does not prevent the interaction of the flavo- and hemeproteins. Interaction of cytochrome P450 3A4 and Hmwb(5)-EGFP was estimated based on spin equilibrium shift of cytochrome P450 3A4 to high-spin state in the presence of Hmwb(5)-EGFP, as well as based on steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of the EGFP component of the fusion protein in the presence of CYP3A4. The engineering of chimeric protein Hmwb(5)-EGFP gives an independent method to determine dissociation constant for the complex of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b(5) that is less sensitive to environmental factors compared to spectrophotometric titration used before. Reconstitution of catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the reaction of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation in the presence of Hmwb(5)-EGFP indicates that cytochrome b(5) in the fusion protein is able to stimulate the hydroxylation reaction. Using other fusion proteins containing either cytochrome b(5) or its hydrophilic domain to reconstitute catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 showed that the hydrophobic domain of cytochrome b(5) participates not only in hemeprotein interaction, but also in electron transfer from cytochrome b(5) to cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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Yantsevich AV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Conformational stability of cytochrome b5, enhanced green fluorescent protein, and their fusion protein Hmwb5-EGFP. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2009; 74:518-27. [PMID: 19538125 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790905006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformational stabilities of chimeric protein Hmwb(5)-EGFP and its constituents (cytochrome b(5) and enhanced green fluorescent protein) in guanidine hydrochloride solutions are reported in this paper. Intensity of fluorescence of tryptophan residues, intensity of EGFP fluorescence in the visible region, absorbance of cytochrome b(5) heme and EGFP fluorophore, and fluorescence anisotropy were used to follow the unfolding process. Thermodynamic parameters of protein unfolding were obtained using different approaches. The data were analyzed using a two-stage model and a linear extrapolation method. Unfolding of protein molecules was additionally monitored by measuring Stern-Volmer constants for tryptophan fluorescence quenching by acrylamide, cesium, and iodide. The accessibility of tryptophan residues of both components in the fusion molecule is lower than in the separate molecules. The thermodynamic stability of the protein globules in the fusion protein is much lower than in the individual protein molecules in solution, the difference in free energy of unfolding being more considerable for cytochrome b(5) (29 +/- 4 and 13 +/- 2 kJ/mol) than for EGFP (26 +/- 0.9 and 20 +/- 2.7 kJ/mol). The data indicate that artificial protein fusion can greatly affect total structural stability, and in the case of cytochrome b(5) and EGFP it results in decrease in free energy of transition from native to denatured unfolded form and consequently to decrease in thermodynamic stability of protein globules compared to the separate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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Yantsevich AV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Mechanism of electron transfer in fusion protein cytochrome b5-NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2008; 73:1096-107. [PMID: 18991555 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we summarize results on construction of expression plasmid, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, isolation and purification, as well as physicochemical characterization of chimeric protein consisting of hydrophilic domain of cytochrome b(5) and truncated from the N-terminal sequence (Delta(23)) form of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase. The kinetics and mechanism of electron transfer between NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase and cytochrome b(5) in the frames of fusion protein consisting of cytochrome b(5) (94 amino acids) and truncated form of NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase (277 amino acids) have been studied. It is shown that electron transfer takes place between redox partners belonging to two different molecules of the chimeric protein. Using computer modeling, we built the model of the tertiary structure of the fusion protein, which is in agreement with experimental data. By using Marcus theory of electron transfer in polar media, we demonstrate the inability of the hypothesis of electrostatic repulsions to explain the increase of electron transfer rate on increase of ion concentration in media due to elimination of the repulsion of similar charges. The real reason for the increase of the first order rate constant in some oxidation-reduction reactions between proteins, as shown in the present work, is a decrease of the media reorganization energy resulting in decrease of activation energy for oxidation-reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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Yantsevich AV, Harnostai IN, Lukashevich OP, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Engineering, expression, purification, and physicochemical characterization of a chimeric protein, full-length cytochrome b(5)--green fluorescence protein (HMWb5--EGFP). Biochemistry (Mosc) 2007; 72:77-83. [PMID: 17309440 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article we report on construction of expression vector, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, isolation, purification, and physicochemical characterization of an artificial chimeric protein HMWb(5)-EGFP consisting of full-length cytochrome b(5) (HMWb(5)) and green fluorescence protein (EGFP) from Aequorea. Optimization of expression conditions yielded an expression level up to 1500 nmol of chimeric protein per liter of culture. Recombinant chimeric protein HMWb(5)-EGFP was purified from cell membranes by using metal-affinity chromatography. It possesses physicochemical, spectral, and fluorescence properties of cytochrome b(5) and EGFP indicating independent character of protein folding in frames of the chimera. It is shown that there is a fluorescent resonance energy transfer in HMWb(5)-EGFP between the fluorophore of EGFP and heme of cytochrome b(5), and the distance between chromophores in the chimeric protein is approximately 67.3 A. The chimeric protein was shown to exist as a monomer in aqueous solution in the presence of detergents. The data indicate that the HMWb(5)-EGFP designed in the present work is a very promising model for modern biosensors and an instrument to study protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Yantsevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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Pechurskaya TA, Harnastai IN, Grabovec IP, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Adrenodoxin supports reactions catalyzed by microsomal steroidogenic cytochrome P450s. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 353:598-604. [PMID: 17188650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of adrenodoxin (Adx) and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) with human microsomal steroidogenic cytochrome P450s was studied. It is found that Adx, mitochondrial electron transfer protein, is able to support reactions catalyzed by human microsomal P450s: full length CYP17, truncated CYP17, and truncated CYP21. CPR, but not Adx, supports activity of truncated CYP19. Truncated and the full length CYP17s show distinct preference for electron donor proteins. Truncated CYP17 has higher activity with Adx compared to CPR. The alteration in preference to electron donor does not change product profile for truncated enzymes. The electrostatic contacts play a major role in the interaction of truncated CYP17 with either CPR or Adx. Similarly electrostatic contacts are predominant in the interaction of full length CYP17 with Adx. We speculate that Adx might serve as an alternative electron donor for CYP17 at the conditions of CPR deficiency in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Pechurskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevicha st., 5/2, Minsk 220141, Belarus
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Duarte MP, Palma BB, Gilep AA, Laires A, Oliveira JS, Usanov SA, Rueff J, Kranendonk M. The stimulatory role of human cytochrome b5 in the bioactivation activities of human CYP1A2, 2A6 and 2E1: a new cell expression system to study cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation (a corrigendum report on Duarte et al. (2005) Mutagenesis 20, 93-100). Mutagenesis 2006; 22:75-81. [PMID: 17158518 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gel054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This corrigendum report describes the study of the comparison of human cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) with rat b(5) when coupled with human cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, 2A6 or 2E1. Results indicate a role of the N-terminal part of b(5) in the coupling with CYP. Indeed, the plasmid pLCM-b(5)-RED used in our former study on b(5) [Duarte et al. (2005) Mutagenesis, 20(2), 193-100] erroneously contained rat b(5). Plasmid pLCM-b(5)-RED was corrected with human b(5) and subsequently all experimental work was repeated as was described for the rat b(5) plasmid. Although absolute values of contents and activities were lower, all key-findings as found for rat b(5) could be confirmed using human b(5). The physiological relevant co-expression of the members of the cytochrome P450 complex, CYP, NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (RED) and human b(5) could be demonstrated in the different BTC strains, as was found before. The stimulatory effect of human b(5) on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 was in general similar, when compared with rat b(5), though less quantitatively pronounced. This was both the case when using membrane preparations as well as by the bioactivation of procarcinogens using the bacterial mutagenicity assay. Human b(5) stimulated the bioactivation of all compounds as described for rat b(5), except for CYP1A2 mediated bioactivation of 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), which was not stimulated by human b(5). All other main findings of the effect of rat b(5) were confirmed with human b(5), i.e. for CYP2A6: N-nitrosodiethylamine (NNdEA): approximately 14-fold increase ( approximately 23-fold with rat b(5)) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK): approximately 3-fold ( approximately 9-fold with rat b(5)); for CYP2E1: NNdEA: approximately 1.5-fold increase ( approximately 3-fold with rat b(5)); NNK: no mutagenicity with or without human b(5). Both CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 demonstrated total dependence on the presence of human b(5) for N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NNdPA) mutagenicity, as was shown before with rat b(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Duarte
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sergeev GV, Gilep AA, Estabrook RW, Usanov SA. Expression of outer mitochondrial membrane cytochrome b 5 in Escherichia coli. Purification of the recombinant protein and studies of its interaction with electron-transfer partners. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2006; 71:790-9. [PMID: 16903834 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906070121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we report expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization of recombinant full-length cytochrome b(5) from outer mitochondrial membrane. Optimization of expression conditions for cytochrome b(5) from outer mitochondrial membrane allowed reaching expression level up to 10(4) nmol of the hemeprotein per liter of culture. Recombinant cytochrome b(5) from outer mitochondrial membrane was purified from cell lysate by using metal-affinity chromatography. It has physicochemical, spectral, and immunochemical properties similar to those of cytochrome b(5) from rat liver outer mitochondrial membrane. Immobilized recombinant mitochondrial cytochrome b(5) was used as affinity ligand to study its interaction with electron transfer proteins. By using this approach, it is shown that in interaction of NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase with both forms of cytochrome b(5) an important role is played by hydrophobic interactions between proteins, although the contribution of these interactions in complex formation with NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase is different for isoforms of cytochrome b(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Sergeev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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36
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Min L, Strushkevich NV, Harnastai IN, Iwamoto H, Gilep AA, Takemori H, Usanov SA, Nonaka Y, Hori H, Vinson GP, Okamoto M. Molecular identification of adrenal inner zone antigen as a heme-binding protein. FEBS J 2005; 272:5832-43. [PMID: 16279947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal inner zone antigen (IZA), which reacts specifically with a monoclonal antibody raised against the fasciculata and reticularis zones of the rat adrenal, was previously found to be identical with a protein variously named 25-Dx and membrane-associated progesterone receptor. IZA was purified as a glutathione S-transferase-fused or His(6)-fused protein, and its molecular properties were studied. The UV-visible absorption and EPR spectra of the purified protein showed that IZA bound a heme chromophore in high-spin type. Analysis of the heme indicated that it is of the b type. Site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed to identify the amino-acid residues that bind the heme to the protein. The results suggest that two Tyr residues, Tyr107 and Tyr113, and a peptide stretch, D99-K102, were important for anchoring the heme into a hydrophobic pocket. The effect of IZA on the steroid 21-hydroxylation reaction was investigated in COS-7 cell expression systems. The results suggest that the coexistence of IZA with CYP21 enhances 21-hydroxylase activity.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex/cytology
- Adrenal Cortex/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens/metabolism
- COS Cells
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cold Temperature
- Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Genes, Reporter
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Heme-Binding Proteins
- Hemeproteins/analysis
- Hemeproteins/chemistry
- Hemeproteins/metabolism
- Histidine/chemistry
- Humans
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rats
- Receptors, Progesterone/chemistry
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Zona Fasciculata/cytology
- Zona Fasciculata/metabolism
- Zona Reticularis/cytology
- Zona Reticularis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of Molecular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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37
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Harnastai IN, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. The development of an efficient system for heterologous expression of cytochrome P450s in Escherichia coli using hemA gene co-expression. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 46:47-55. [PMID: 16122943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of heme in Escherichia coli is under strict regulatory control since free heme or intermediates of its biosynthesis are potentially toxic for the cell. Under normal physiological conditions a bacterial cell does not have significant levels of free heme. Recombinant hemeproteins with affinity for heme lower than that of intrinsic cell proteins are often only isolated as apo-proteins. Moreover, for a number of hemeproteins expressed as apo-protein in E.coli it is not possible to reconstitute holo-protein in vitro. To circumvent these issues, fully active recombinant hemeproteins are usually expressed with expensive 5-aminolevulinic acid supplementation. In the present work, we construct the helper plasmid pHg expressing glutamyl-tRNA reductase (hemA) a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting reaction in heme biosynthesis in E. coli, to avoid the necessity of 5-aminolevulinic acid supplementation. Overexpression of HemA restores the proper balance between protein and heme synthesis so that the newly synthesized recombinant apo-protein is continuously converted to holo-protein. The pHg plasmid is capable of supporting high-level expression of microsomal CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP21, CYP17, and mitochondrial CYP11A1. This new expression system provides a simple approach to obtain significant quantities of the active holo-form of recombinant hemeproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Harnastai
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevicha str.5, Minsk 220141, Belarus
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38
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Abstract
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is a membrane-bound flavoprotein that interacts with the membrane via its N-terminal hydrophobic sequence (residues 1-56). CPR is the main electron transfer component of hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by microsomal cytochrome P450s. The membrane-bound hydrophobic domain of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase is easily removed during limited proteolysis and is the subject of spontaneous digestion of membrane-binding fragment at the site Lys56-Ile57 by intracellular trypsin-like proteases that makes the flavoprotein very unstable during purification or expression in E. coli. The removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase results in loss of the ability of the flavoprotein to interact and transfer electrons to cytochrome P450. In the present work, by replacement of the lysine residue (Lys56) with Gln using site directed mutagenesis, we prepared the full-length flavoprotein mutant Lys56Gln stable to spontaneous proteolysis but possessing spectral and catalytic properties of the wild type flavoprotein. Limited proteolysis with trypsin and protease from Staphylococcus aureus of highly purified and membrane-bound Lys56Gln mutant of the flavoprotein as well as wild type NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase allowed localization of some amino acids of the linker fragment of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase relative to the membrane. During prolong incubation or with increased trypsin ratio, the mutant form showed an alternative limited proteolysis pattern, indicating the partial accessibility of another site. Nevertheless, the membrane-bound mutant form is stable to trypsinolysis. Truncated forms of the flavoprotein (residues 46-676 of the mutant or 57-676 of wild type NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase) are unable to transfer electrons to cytochrome P450c17 or P4503A4, confirming the importance of the N-terminal sequence for catalysis. Based on the results obtained in the present work, we suggest a scheme of structural topology of the N-terminal hydrophobic sequence of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Bonina
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220141, Belarus
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39
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Duarte MP, Palma BB, Gilep AA, Laires A, Oliveira JS, Usanov SA, Rueff J, Kranendonk M. The stimulatory role of human cytochrome b5 in the bioactivation activities of human CYP1A2, 2A6 and 2E1: a new cell expression system to study cytochrome P450 mediated biotransformation. Mutagenesis 2005; 20:93-100. [PMID: 15728263 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gei012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) is increasingly recognized to be of importance for specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. We developed human b(5)/CYP-competent mutagenicity tester bacteria to study the role of b(5) in the bioactivation activity of human CYP. These new tester bacteria were derived from the previously engineered human CYP-competent Escherichia coli K12 tester strain MTC, containing a bi-plasmid system for the co-expression of a specific CYP form (CYP1A2, 2A6 or 2E1) with human b(5), and human NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (RED), resulting in the strain BTC-b(5)-1A2, BTC-b(5)-2A6 and BTC-b(5)-2E1, respectively. The relative content of b(5) with CYP and RED in these three BTC-b(5)-CYP strains demonstrated physiologically relevant co-expression levels and typical CYP-specific activities could be determined with their specific chemical probes. These strains were applied in mutagenicity assays along with their corresponding b(5)-void strains to determine the effect of b(5) on the CYP1A2-, CYP2A6- and CYP2E1-mediated bioactivation of several promutagens. For CYP1A2, of the 5 compounds tested [2-aminoanthracene (2AA), 1-aminopyrene, 6-aminochrysene, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)], only the mutagenicity of 2AA was slightly increased ( approximately 1.5-fold) in the presence of b(5). The CYP2E1- and CYP2A6-dependent mutagenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine increased approximately 3- and 23-fold, respectively when the bacteria contained b(5). The CYP2A6-mediated mutagenicity of NNK increased approximately 9-fold when co-expressed with b(5). The stimulatory effect of b(5) on the bioactivation of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine was most striking. The mutagenicity of this procarcinogen was completely dependent on the co-expression of b(5) with CYP2A6 or CYP2E1. This demonstrates the prominent role of b(5) in the bioactivation of this carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Duarte
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gilep AA, Estabrook RW, Usanov SA. Chimerogenesis in Estimation of Specificity and Pathway Directions for Cytochrome P45017α Catalyzed Reactions. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2004; 69:364-75. [PMID: 15170370 DOI: 10.1023/b:biry.0000026190.80583.c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P45017alpha is a key enzyme in steroid hormone biosynthesis. It catalyzes the reaction of 17alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone (P4) and pregnenolone (P5) and the 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in side chain cleavage of C21 steroids to form C19 steroids. Depending on the activity of cytochrome P45017alpha, steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways are directed either for biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids or sex hormones. The formation of sex hormones starts from biosynthesis of androstenedione. Androstenedione formation is a result of two reactions: 17,20-lyase reaction of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (Delta4-pathway) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta4,Delta5-isomerase reaction using dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate (Delta5-pathway). In case of exclusive direction of the 17,20-lyase reaction either through the Delta4- or the Delta5-pathway, the formation of sex hormones depends more on specificity and activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase/Delta4,Delta5-isomerase. Depending on species, the cytochromes P45017alpha can utilize as a substrate for 17,20-lyase activity Delta4-steroids, Delta5-steroids, or both types of steroids. To identify the structural elements of cytochrome P45017alpha responsible for substrate recognition, in the present work we used exchange of homologous fragments of cytochrome P45017alpha having different types of activities. We engineered more than 10 different types of chimeric cytochrome P45017alpha. Chimeric cytochromes P45017alpha have been expressed in E. coli and purified. The expression of chimeric cytochrome P45017alpha with the point of exchange between exons III and IV results in inability of the recombinant hemeprotein to properly bind heme. The determination of activity of chimeric cytochromes P45017alpha shows that the structural element responsible for switching activity between Delta4- or Delta5-pathway is located in the region of polypeptide chain coded by exons II-V of CYP17 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220141, Belarus
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41
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Gilep AA, Estabrook RW, Usanov SA. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression in E. coli of cytochrome P45017alpha. Comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes P450 from different species. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2003; 68:86-98. [PMID: 12693981 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022101703670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cDNA for three new forms of cytochrome P45017alpha from species of the Bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (P4) or pregnenolone (P5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of C(19)-steroids. Recombinant cytochromes P45017alpha were expressed in E. coli as derivatives, containing a six-His tag at the C-terminal sequence that simplifies purification of the cloned heme proteins using metal-affinity chromatography. Highly purified cytochromes P45017alpha were used for determination of enzyme activity and specificity in relation to progesterone, pregnenolone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone with registration of the kinetics of reaction product formation using HPLC. It is shown that each form of cytochrome P45017alpha is characterized by a specific profile of enzyme activity and dependence of 17,20-lyase reaction on the presence of cytochrome b(5) in the reaction mixture. The analysis of the activity of the known forms of cytochrome P45017alpha in view of the data obtained in the present work allows the division of known cytochromes P45017alpha into three main group: group A (pig, hamster, rat), cytochromes P45017alpha catalyze the reaction of 17alpha-hydroxylation of both P4 and P5 steroids and the 17,20-lyase reaction of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone; group B (human, bovine, sheep, goat, and bison), cytochromes P45017alpha, which have no or have insignificant 17,20-lyase activity in relation to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; group C (guinea pig), cytochrome P45017alpha which either has no or has insignificant 17,20-lyase activity on transformation 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus.
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42
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Usanov SA, Graham SE, Lepesheva GI, Azeva TN, Strushkevich NV, Gilep AA, Estabrook RW, Peterson JA. Probing the interaction of bovine cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) with adrenodoxin: evaluating site-directed mutations by molecular modeling. Biochemistry 2002; 41:8310-20. [PMID: 12081479 DOI: 10.1021/bi0255928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of positively charged amino acid residues proposed to reside on the proximal surface of bovine cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (P450scc, CYP11A1) and to determine which residues may be involved in protein-protein interactions with the electron carrier adrenodoxin (Adx). In previous studies, nine different lysine residues were identified by chemical and immunological cross-linking experiments as potentially interacting with Adx, while in the present study, two arginine residues have been identified from sequence alignments. From these 11 residues, 13 different P450scc mutants were made of which only seven were able to be expressed and characterized. Each of the seven mutants were evaluated for their ability to bind Adx, to be reduced, and for their enzymatic activity. Among these, K403Q and K405Q showed a consistent decrease in Adx binding, the ability to be reduced by Adx, and enzymatic activity, with K405Q being affected to a much greater extent. More dramatic was the complete loss of Adx binding by R426Q, while still retaining its ability to be chemically reduced and bind carbon monoxide. Independently, a homology model of P450scc was constructed and docked with the structure of Adx. Four potential sites of interaction were identified: P450scc:K403 with Adx:D76, P450scc:K405 with Adx:D72; P450scc:R426 with Adx:E73, and P450scc:K267 with Adx:E47. Thus, the biochemical and molecular modeling studies together support the hypothesis that K267, K403, K405, and R426 participate in the electrostatic interaction of P450scc with Adx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141, Minsk, Kuprevicha 5/2, Belarus
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Gilep AA, Guryev OL, Usanov SA, Estabrook RW. Apo-cytochrome b5 as an indicator of changes in heme accessability: preliminary studies with cytochrome P450 3A4. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 87:237-44. [PMID: 11744061 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (P450 or CYP) are the largest family of hemeproteins yet characterized. X-ray crystallographic studies have shown that the heme of the P450 hemeproteins is buried in the interior of the protein molecule. Unexplored are answers to questions concerning the role of heme in the folding of newly synthesized apo-P450s and the factors that influence changes in heme accessibility following modification of the pattern of folding of the holo-P450s. We have carried out the present studies to measure changes in heme accessibility in P450s. This is an initial step to determining whether heme-binding confers structural and functional integrity and stability to a P450 molecule. Recently, we have shown that apo-high molecular weight cytochrome b5 (apo-HMWb5) is an efficient acceptor of heme when added to a preparation of purified recombinant CYP3A4. In the present work we have studied heme binding by apo-HMWb5 when mixed with a number of different hemeproteins (myoglobin, hemoglobin, catalase, CYP4A1, CYP101, and CYP3A4). These hemeproteins differ in the location of the heme (i.e., surface or internal) allowing one to study changes in structure as measured by the process of heme transfer from one protein to another. It was found that heme transfer to apo-HMWb5 occurs relatively rapidly from hemeproteins where the heme is located at or near the surface or when the hemeprotein is denatured. In contrast, heme transfer from P450s to apo-HMWb5 occurs only following modification of the P450 structure with chaotropic agents. An exception is CYP3A4 where a measurable amount of heme is transferred to apo-HMWb5 in the absence of denaturing agents. The preliminary results described here employs apo-HMWb5 as an indicator for assessing changes in heme-availability of P450s as the protein-folding of the molecule is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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Gilep AA, Guryev OL, Usanov SA, Estabrook RW. An enzymatically active chimeric protein containing the hydrophilic form of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase fused to the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:937-41. [PMID: 11409883 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal flavoprotein NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) contains an N-terminal hydrophobic membrane-binding domain required for reconstitution of hydroxylation activities with cytochrome P450s. In contrast, cytochrome b5 (b5) contains a C-terminal hydrophobic membrane-binding domain required for interaction with P450s. We have constructed, expressed and purified a chimeric flavoprotein (hdb5-CPR) where the C-terminal 45 amino acid residues of b5 have replaced the N-terminal 56 amino acid domain of CPR. This hybrid flavoprotein retains the catalytic properties of the native CPR and is able to reconstitute fatty acid and steroid hydroxylation activities with CYP4A1 and CYP17A. However hdb5-CPR is much less effective than CPR for reconstituting activity with CYP3A4. We conclude that differences on the surface of the P450s reflect unique and specific information essential for the recognition needed to establish reactions of intermolecular electron transfer from the flavoprotein CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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Gilep AA, Guryev OL, Usanov SA, Estabrook RW. Expression, purification, and physical properties of recombinant flavocytochrome fusion proteins containing rat cytochrome b(5) linked to NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase by different membrane-binding segments. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 390:222-34. [PMID: 11396925 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reconstitution of the enzymatic activities using purified microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450) requires the presence of a membrane-binding segment in the mammalian flavoprotein, NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), and the hemeprotein, cytochrome b(5) (b(5)). The mechanism(s) by which the membrane-binding segments of these proteins exert such a critical role in influencing the reconstitution of the NADPH-supported activity of a P450 remains undefined. In the present work we describe the construction, expression, and purification of four different types of recombinant flavocytochromes containing rat b(5) and rat CPR linked by various membrane-binding segments. The physical properties of these artificial fusion proteins have been studied to determine their ability to serve as electron transfer agents. These studies are a prelude to the subsequent study (accompanying paper) evaluating the functional roles of the hydrophobic (membrane-binding) sequences of b(5) and CPR in the reconstitution of P450 activities. The present study shows that the purified recombinant fusion proteins can serve as active electron transport carriers from NADPH to cytochrome c as well as b(5) by intramolecular as well as intermolecular reactions. It is shown here that the electron transport properties of these purified fusion proteins are influenced by high concentrations of KCl, suggesting a role for charged amino acids in protein-protein interactions. The present study illustrates the application of artificial recombinant flavocytochromes as useful proteins for the study of intramolecular electron transport reactions for comparison with intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-9038, USA
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46
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Gilep AA, Guryev OL, Usanov SA, Estabrook RW. Reconstitution of the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450s using recombinant flavocytochromes containing rat cytochrome b(5) fused to NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase with various membrane-binding segments. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 390:215-21. [PMID: 11396924 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hydrophobic membrane-binding segments of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome b(5) remain undefined. We have expressed four different recombinant flavocytochromes containing b(5) linked to CPR with different hydrophobic segments as linkers. These fusion proteins have been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified and some of their physical properties and electron transfer activities described in the accompanying paper. Of interest is the presence of internal "membrane-binding" hydrophobic segments in these flavocytochromes. This paper describes the ability of these flavocytochromes to reconstitute in vitro two P450 activities that have been reported to be stimulated by the addition of b(5) (the 17,20-lyase activity of CYP17A and the 6 beta hydroxylation of testosterone catalyzed by CYP3A4) and two P450 reactions that do not respond to the presence of b(5) (the 17 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone catalyzed by CYP17A and the omega hydroxylation of lauric acid catalyzed by CYP4A1). The present study shows that a hydrophobic "membrane-binding" segment must be present in the artificial flavocytochromes in order to successfully reconstitute in vitro hydroxylation activities with P450s. Differences in the effectiveness of the different flavocytochromes to reconstitute enzymatic activities depends on the P450 tested and the nature of the hydrophobic linker segment present in the purified recombinant flavocytochromes. The hypothesis is proposed that differences in the surface topology of a P450 may dictate differences in their docking with the CPR or b(5) component of a fusion protein, resulting in differences in the rates of electron transfer to the P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gilep
- Department of Biochemistry, Y7.326, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75235-9038
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Chudaev MV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Site-directed mutagenesis of cytochrome b5 for studies of its interaction with cytochrome P450. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2001; 66:667-81. [PMID: 11421817 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010215516226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have shown earlier that microsomal cytochrome b5 can form a specific complex with mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450scc). The formation of the complex between these two heme proteins was proved spectrophotometrically, by affinity chromatography on immobilized cytochrome b5, and by measuring the cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity of cytochrome P450scc in a reconstituted system in the presence of cytochrome b5. To further study the mechanism of interaction of these heme proteins and evaluate the role of negatively charged amino acid residues Glu42, Glu48, and Asp65 of cytochrome b5, which are located at the site responsible for interaction with electron transfer partners, we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace residues Glu42 and Glu48 with lysine and residue Asp65 with alanine. The resulting mutant forms of cytochrome b5 were expressed in E. coli, and full-length and truncated forms (shortened from the C-terminal sequence due to cleavage of 40 amino acid residues) of these cytochrome b5 mutants were purified. Addition of the truncated forms of cytochrome b5 (which do not contain the hydrophobic C-terminal sequence responsible for interaction with the membrane) to the reconstituted system containing cytochrome P450scc caused practically no stimulation of catalytic activity, indicating an important role of the hydrophobic fragment of cytochrome b5 in its interaction with cytochrome P450scc. However, full-length cytochrome b5 and the full-length Glu48Lys and Asp65Ala mutant forms of cytochrome b5 stimulated the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450scc by 100%, suggesting that residues Glu48 and Asp65 of cytochrome b5 are not directly involved in its interaction with cytochrome P450scc. The replacement of Glu42 for lysine, however, made the Glu42Lys mutant form of cytochrome b5 about 40% less effective in stimulation of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity of cytochrome P450scc, indicating that residue Glu42 of cytochrome b5 is involved in electrostatic interactions with cytochrome P450scc. Residues Glu42 and Glu48 of cytochrome b5 appear to participate in electrostatic interaction with microsomal type cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Chudaev
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus
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Azeva TN, Gilep AA, Lepesheva GI, Strushkevich NV, Usanov SA. Site-directed mutagenesis of cytochrome P450scc. II. Effect of replacement of the Arg425 and Arg426 residues on the structural and functional properties of the cytochrome P450scc. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2001; 66:564-75. [PMID: 11405894 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010271205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, in spite of their wide distribution, can be simply divided into a few groups differing in the location of the electron transfer chain and their composition. The two main groups of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are the mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes. While in two-component microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases electrons are supplied to cytochrome P450 by a flavoprotein (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase), in three-component mitochondrial monooxygenases the electrons are supplied to cytochrome P450 by a low molecular weight protein (ferredoxin). The interaction of cytochrome P450 with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and ferredoxin is the subject of intensive studies. Using chemical modification, chemical cross-linking, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified surface exposed positively charged residues of cytochrome P450scc which might be important for interaction with adrenodoxin. Theoretical analysis of the distribution of surface electrostatic potential in cytochrome P450 indicates that in contrast to microsomal monooxygenases, cytochromes P450 of mitochondrial type, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) in part, carry on the proximal surface an evidently positively charged site that is formed by residues Arg425 and Arg426. In the present work, to estimate the functional role of Arg425 and Arg426 of cytochrome P450scc, we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace these residues with glutamine. The results indicate that residues Arg425 and Arg426 are involved in the formation of a heme-binding center and electrostatic interaction of cytochrome P450scc with its physiological electron-transfer partner, adrenodoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Azeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Belarus.
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Guryev OL, Gilep AA, Usanov SA, Estabrook RW. Interaction of apo-cytochrome b5 with cytochromes P4503A4 and P45017A: relevance of heme transfer reactions. Biochemistry 2001; 40:5018-31. [PMID: 11305918 DOI: 10.1021/bi002305w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maximal activity of CYP3A4 is obtained using a reconstitution system consisting of NADPH-P450 reductase (CPR), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), an ionic detergent, and cytochrome b(5) (b(5)). The mechanism by which b(5) stimulates the catalytic activity of CYP3A4 is controversial. Recent data report that apo-cytochrome b(5) (apo-b(5)) can substitute for holo-b(5) by serving as an allosteric effector. These authors concluded that b(5) is not directly involved in electron transfer reactions to CYP3A4. We have studied the effect of apo-b(5) on the ability of purified CYP3A4 to catalyze the 6beta-hydroxylation of testosterone and horse CYP17A to catalyze the 17,20-lyase reaction. The high molecular weight form of holo-b(5) (HMW-holo-b(5)) stimulates the 6beta-hydroxylation of testosterone while the low molecular weight (truncated) form of holo-b(5) (LMW-holo-b(5)) does not. When added to the reconstituted system, HMW-apo-b(5) stimulates the activity of CYP3A4 to a level 50-60% of that obtained with HMW-holo-b(5). A similar stimulation of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone metabolism is seen when studying the CYP17A-catalyzed reaction. Neither LMW-holo-b(5) nor LMW-apo-b(5) stimulates the activity of CYP3A4 or CYP17A. CYP3A4 forms a complex during affinity chromatography with immobilized HMW-holo-b(5) but not with immobilized HMW-apo-b(5). Incubation of apo-b(5) with CYP3A4, using conditions required for reconstitution of enzymatic activities, results in the transfer of heme from the CYP3A4 preparation to apo-b(5), thereby forming holo-b(5). The separation of heme proteins by thiol-disulfide exchange chromatography confirms the formation of holo-b(5). A His67Ala mutant of HMW-b(5) as well as the Zn-substituted protoporphyrin derivative of HMW-b(5) do not stimulate the activity of either CYP3A4 or CYP17A. These data show that the mechanism of stimulation of CYP3A4 and CYP17A activities by apo-b(5) results from the formation of holo-b(5) by a heme transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Guryev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
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Lepesheva GI, Azeva TN, Strushkevich NV, Gilep AA, Usanov SA. Site-directed mutagenesis of cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1). Effect of lysine residue substitution on its structural and functional properties. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000; 65:1409-18. [PMID: 11173513 DOI: 10.1023/a:1002809024292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous chemical modification and cross-linking studies identified some positively charged amino acid residues of cytochrome P450scc that may be important for its interaction with adrenodoxin and for its functional activity. The present study was undertaken to further evaluate the role of these residues in the interaction of cytochrome P450scc with adrenodoxin using site-directed mutagenesis. Six cytochrome P450scc mutants containing replacements of the surface-exposed positively charged residues (Lys103Gln, Lys110Gln, Lys145Gln, Lys394Gln, Lys403Gln, and Lys405Gln) were expressed in E. coli cells, purified as a substrate-bound high-spin form, and characterized as compared to the wild-type protein. The replacement of the surface Lys residues does not dramatically change the protein folding or the heme pocket environment as judged from limited proteolysis and spectral studies of the cytochrome P450 mutants. The replacement of Lys in the N-terminal sequence of P450scc does not dramatically affect the activity of the heme protein. However, mutant Lys405Gln revealed rather dramatic loss of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity, efficiency of enzymatic reduction in a reconstituted system, and apparent dissociation constant for adrenodoxin binding. The present results, together with previous findings, suggest that the changes in functional activity of mutant Lys405Gln may reflect the direct participation of this amino acid residue in the electrostatic interaction of cytochrome P450scc with its physiological partner, adrenodoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Lepesheva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141 Belarus.
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