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Mathies LD, Kim AC, Soukup EM, Thomas AE, Bettinger JC. PBRM-1/PBAF-regulated genes in a multipotent progenitor in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkad297. [PMID: 38150396 PMCID: PMC10917506 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans somatic gonadal precursors (SGPs) are multipotent progenitors that generate all somatic cells of the adult reproductive system. The 2 SGPs originate in the mesodermal layer and are born through a division that produces one SGP and one head mesodermal cell (hmc). One hmc terminally differentiates, and the other dies by programmed cell death. The polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) chromatin remodeling complex promotes the multipotent SGP fate. The complete loss of PBAF causes lethality, so we used a combination of Cre/lox recombination and GFP nanobody-directed protein degradation to eliminate PBRM-1, the signature subunit of the PBAF complex, from 83 mesodermal cells, including SGPs, body muscles, and the hmc. We used RNA sequencing to identify genes acting downstream of PBAF in these cells and identified 1,955 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed between pbrm-1(-) and pbrm-1(+) in the mesoderm of L1 larvae. We found that genes involved in muscle cell function were overrepresented; most of these genes had lower expression in the absence of PBRM-1, suggesting that PBAF promotes muscle differentiation. Among the differentially expressed genes were 125 that are normally expressed at higher levels in SGP vs hmc and positively regulated by pbrm-1 and 53 that are normally expressed at higher levels in hmc vs SGP and are negatively regulated by pbrm-1; these are candidate regulators of the SGP/hmc fate decision. We validated one candidate gene using a fluorescent reporter; the hsp-12.3 reporter was derepressed in SGPs in pbrm-1 mutants, suggesting that hsp-12.3 expression is normally repressed by pbrm-1 in SGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Mathies
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Andrew C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Evan M Soukup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Alan’da E Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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2
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Han ST, Kim AC, Garcia K, Schimmenti LA, Macnamara E, Network UD, Gahl WA, Malicdan MC, Tifft CJ. PUS7 deficiency in human patients causes profound neurodevelopmental phenotype by dysregulating protein translation. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:221-229. [PMID: 35144859 PMCID: PMC8958514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein translation is a highly regulated process involving the interaction of numerous genes on every component of the protein translation machinery. Upregulated protein translation is a hallmark of cancer and is implicated in autism spectrum disorder, but the risks of developing each disease do not appear to be correlated with one another. In this study we identified two siblings from the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program with loss of function variants in PUS7, a gene previously implicated in the regulation of total protein translation. These patients exhibited a neurodevelopmental phenotype including autism spectrum disorder in the proband. Both patients also had features of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, including hyperuricemia and self-injurious behavior, but without pathogenic variants in HPRT1. Patient fibroblasts demonstrated upregulation of protein synthesis, including elevated MYC protein, but did not exhibit increased rates of cell proliferation. Interestingly, the dysregulation of protein translation also resulted in mildly decreased levels of HPRT1 protein suggesting an association between dysregulated protein translation and the LNS-like phenotypic findings. These findings strengthen the correlation between neurodevelopmental disease, particularly autism spectrum disorders, and the rate of protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo T Han
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Andrew C Kim
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Karolyn Garcia
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States of America
| | - Ellen Macnamara
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Undiagnosed Diseases Network
- Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America; Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - May C Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America; Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America; Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
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3
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Gluskin J, D'Alessio D, Kim AC, Morris EA, Chiu A, Noy A. Primary lymphoma of the breast: A report of two cases. Clin Imaging 2020; 68:295-299. [PMID: 32961512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) should be distinguished from secondary breast lymphoma arising in the setting of lymphoma elsewhere in the body. Multimodality imaging is key to diagnosing PBL, and imaging manifestations thereof may indicate PBL and alter the treatment course. Treatment options including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or surgery depend on histology. We report two cases of PBL, illustrating the transformative impact that multimodality imaging may have on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Gluskin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Donna D'Alessio
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew C Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Morris
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - April Chiu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ariela Noy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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4
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Else T, Kim AC, Hammer GD. Agouti Related Peptide (AgRP) deficient mice show accelerated compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Cimino AM, Palaniswami P, Kim AC, Selvaraj P. Cancer vaccine development: protein transfer of membrane-anchored cytokines and immunostimulatory molecules. Immunol Res 2004; 29:231-40. [PMID: 15181285 DOI: 10.1385/ir:29:1-3:231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many tumor cells escape host-immune recognition by the downregulation or lack of immunostimulatory molecules. Expression of immunostimulatory molecules on tumor cells by gene transfer can be used to induce an antitumor immune response. However, we have previously shown that protein transfer of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked costimulatory molecules is a successful alternative to traditional gene transfer in preparing such a tumor vaccine. Vaccination with membranes modified by protein transfer to express GPI-linked B7.1 (CD80), a costimulatory adhesion molecule, induces protective immunity in mice and allogeneic antitumor T-cell proliferation in humans in vitro. Our goal is to develop an optimal tumor vaccine using tumor membranes modified by protein transfer to target and stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. We have investigated the efficacy of expressing GPI-anchored cytokine molecules on the surface of tumor cells. Expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) on tumor-cell membranes in a GPI-anchored form induces a strong antitumor immune response that is comparable to the effects of secretory IL-12. Because many cytokines act synergistically, we are testing the membrane expression and immunostimulatory effects of cytokines individually as well as in combination to determine potential complementary effects of coexpression on the antitumor immune response. Ultimately, the protein-transfer vaccination may be used in humans alone or in multimodal combination therapies to induce tumor regression and to serve as a protective measure to prevent postsurgical secondary metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Cimino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Huang S, Lichtenauer UD, Pack S, Wang C, Kim AC, Lutchman M, Koch CA, Torres-Cruz J, Huang SC, Benz EJ, Christiansen H, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Poremba C, Vortmeyer AO, Chishti AH, Zhuang Z. Reassignment of the EPB4.1 gene to 1p36 and assessment of its involvement in neuroblastomas. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:907-14. [PMID: 11737230 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES EPB4.1 has been previously mapped to human chromosome 1p33-p34.2. In contradiction to this chromosomal location, we have mapped EPB4.1-1p36 by using fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. In neuroblastomas, deletions of the telomeric end of chromosome 1 (1p36) are the most common genetic aberration. METHODS We investigated whether genetic aberrations of EPB4.1 can be detected in some neuroblastomas by analyzing 72 tumours for EPB4.1 mutation, expression, and alternative splicing pattern. Furthermore, EPB4.1 protein from a neuroblastoma cell line was studied for its subcellular localization. RESULTS Sequence changes could be detected in 14 out of 72 neuroblastomas, including missense, silent, and intronic changes. Duplex RT-PCR analysis revealed a subset of 11 tumours expressing significantly low levels of EPB4.1. Significant EPB4.1 sequence changes that were detected included an exon 4 G/A missense mutation (amino acid: V/I) that was shown to be associated with absence of wild-type EPB4.1 expression (3 tumours), an exon 8 G/A missense mutation (V/M) (1 tumour), and an intronic sequence change that was shown to be associated with the presence of an aberrant transcript (1 tumour). Splicing pattern analysis revealed that all EPB4.1 transcripts from tumours exclude exon 3, a splicing pattern for generating the 135 kDa isoform. EPB4.1 cDNA cloned from a neuroblastoma cell line produced a 135-kDa protein with a cytoplasm/membrane localization. CONCLUSIONS Out of 72 neuroblastomas we have identified 11 tumours with impaired EPB4.1 expression and 5 tumours with significant sequence changes. We also found that the 135 kDa isoform is the main EPB4.1 product in neuroblastoma. EPB4.1 cDNA from a neuroblastoma cell line produced a 135-kDa protein and displayed a cytoplasm/membrane localization in transfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- Molecular Pathogenesis Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS/NIH, Building 10/Room 5D32, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Abstract
Relatively little is known about the contractile behavior of the human articular chondrocyte. Other connective tissue cells are known to express a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin, in response to injury, at selected stages of wound healing, and in certain pathological conditions. This and recent work demonstrating contractile behavior in adult canine articular chondrocytes in vitro prompted the present study of the distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin-containing chondrocytes in human articular cartilage. Approximately 75% of the chondrocytes in the superficial region of cartilage expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, only approximately 10% of the cells in the deep region stained for this contractile actin isoform. There was no correlation of the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in either region with Mankin grade or with age. This is the first report of a contractile potential for human articular chondrocytes. The roles of alpha-smooth muscle actin in these cells warrant further investigation. The question of whether it is necessary to refer to these cells as myochondrocytes is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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8
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Lutchman M, Pack S, Kim AC, Azim A, Emmert-Buck M, van Huffel C, Zhuang Z, Chishti AH. Loss of heterozygosity on 8p in prostate cancer implicates a role for dematin in tumor progression. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999; 115:65-9. [PMID: 10565303 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dematin is a cytoskeletal protein that bundles actin filaments in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The primary structure of dematin is organized into an N-terminal core domain of unknown function and a C-terminal domain that is homologous to the "headpiece" domain of villin. We have previously localized the dematin gene on human chromosome 8p21.1, a region distal to the ankyrin locus for hereditary spherocytosis. Radiation hybrid mapping now places dematin between D8S258 and D8S137, two microsatellite markers frequently deleted in prostate cancer. The 8p21.1 region is also deleted in prostate, breast, colon, and bladder cancers, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s). Using laser-capture microdissection technique and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we demonstrate loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the dematin gene in a majority of chromosomal region 8p21-linked prostate tumors. One allele of dematin was also deleted in the established prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC-3, which displays a classic oncogenic phenotype. Overexpression of wild-type dematin in PC-3 cells resulted in the restoration of a more polarized, epithelial-like phenotype. Conversely, the heterologous expression of dominant negative mutants of dematin perturbed normal cell morphology of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. These results suggest a biological function of dematin in the regulation of cell shape, with implications in the pathobiology of prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lutchman
- Section of Hematology/Oncology Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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9
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Azim AC, Kim AC, Lutchman M, Andrabi S, Peters LL, Chishti AH. cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and expression of the mouse dematin gene (Epb4.9). Mamm Genome 1999; 10:1026-9. [PMID: 10501976 DOI: 10.1007/s003359901153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Azim
- Section of Hematology-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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10
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Ting LM, Kim AC, Cattamanchi A, Ernst JD. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits IFN-gamma transcriptional responses without inhibiting activation of STAT1. J Immunol 1999; 163:3898-906. [PMID: 10490990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
IFN-gamma activates macrophages to kill diverse intracellular pathogens, but does not activate human macrophages to kill virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We tested the hypothesis that this is due to inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling by M. tuberculosis and found that M. tuberculosis infection of human macrophages blocks several responses to IFN-gamma, including killing of Toxoplasma gondii and induction of FcgammaRI. The inhibitory effect of M. tuberculosis is directed at transcription of IFN-gamma-responsive genes, but does not affect proximal steps in the Janus kinase-STAT pathway, as STAT1alpha tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding are intact in M. tuberculosis-infected cells. In contrast, there is a marked decrease in IFN-gamma-induced association of STAT1 with the transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein and p300 in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages, indicating that M. tuberculosis directly or indirectly disrupts this protein-protein interaction that is essential for transcriptional responses to IFN-gamma. Gamma-irradiated M. tuberculosis and isolated cell walls reproduce the effects of live bacteria, indicating that the bacterial component(s) that initiates inhibition of IFN-gamma responses is constitutively expressed. Although lipoarabinomannan has been found to exert effects on macrophages, it does not account for the inhibitory effects of cell walls. These results indicate that one mechanism for M. tuberculosis to evade the human immune response is to inhibit the IFN-gamma signaling pathway, and that the mechanism of inhibition is distinct from that reported for Leishmania donovani or CMV, in that it targets the interaction of STAT1 with the basal transcriptional apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ting
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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11
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Ruff P, Chishti AH, Grimm E, Bischoff D, Kim AC. Exon skipping truncates the PDZ domain of human erythroid p55 in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in acute megakaryoblastic blast crisis. Leuk Res 1999; 23:247-50. [PMID: 10071076 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(98)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human p55, the major palmitoylated protein associated with the cytoplasmic face of the erythrocyte membrane, is believed to modulate interactions between protein 4.1 and glycophorin C. It is the prototype of a newly described family of signaling molecules that includes hD1g, the human homologue of the Drosophila discs-large tumor suppressor protein. Chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by transformation to a fulminating acute leukemia, heralded by evolution of the Philadelphia chromosome positive genotype (Ph +) to further abnormalities. RT-PCR of p55 mRNA from a patient with acute megakaryoblastic CML revealed a 69 base pair deletion in the PDZ domain, corresponding to exon 5 of the p55 gene. The deletion of constitutive exon 5 not only marks the first abnormality of the p55 cDNA in human disease but also the first abnormality of a PDZ domain in human disease and may represent another genetic abnormality associated with CML in blast crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ruff
- Department of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Chishti AH, Kim AC, Marfatia SM, Lutchman M, Hanspal M, Jindal H, Liu SC, Low PS, Rouleau GA, Mohandas N, Chasis JA, Conboy JG, Gascard P, Takakuwa Y, Huang SC, Benz EJ, Bretscher A, Fehon RG, Gusella JF, Ramesh V, Solomon F, Marchesi VT, Tsukita S, Tsukita S, Hoover KB. The FERM domain: a unique module involved in the linkage of cytoplasmic proteins to the membrane. Trends Biochem Sci 1998; 23:281-2. [PMID: 9757824 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0004(98)01237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Human erythroid dematin is a cytoskeletal protein capable of bundling actin filaments in vitro. The carboxyl terminal domain of dematin is homologous to the headpiece domain of villin, an actin-binding protein of the brush border cytoskeleton. Here we report the complete structure of the dematin gene located on human chromosome 8p21.1, a region frequently deleted in prostate cancer. The dematin gene is composed of 15 exons spanning approximately 15 kb. We also report two novel isoforms of dematin derived from alternative splicing of the dematin gene in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kim
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, ACH4, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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14
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Kim AC, Van Huffel C, Lutchman M, Chishti AH. Radiation hybrid mapping of EPB41L1, a novel protein 4.1 homologue, to human chromosome 20q11.2-q12. Genomics 1998; 49:165-6. [PMID: 9570967 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Kim
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA.
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15
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Hannon SM, Breault LG, Kim AC. The immediate provisional restoration: a review of clinical techniques. Quintessence Int 1998; 29:163-9. [PMID: 9643251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For each patient who requires removal of anterior teeth, there are a multitude of treatment considerations. Cosmetic demands, functional needs, treatment sequencing, timeliness, and affordability are some primary concerns that must be addressed on an individual basis. A patient will generally want a cosmetic and functional prosthesis at the earliest possible opportunity. Providing the most appropriate interim prosthesis for a given patient is both challenging and rewarding. The numerous clinical techniques for immediate interim tooth replacement are reviewed, and previously unreported methods are presented to assist the clinician in the selection of interim prosthesis design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hannon
- 618th Medical Company (Dental Services), Yongsan US Army Garrison, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Kim AC, Peters LL, Knoll JH, Van Huffel C, Ciciotte SL, Kleyn PW, Chishti AH. Limatin (LIMAB1), an actin-binding LIM protein, maps to mouse chromosome 19 and human chromosome 10q25, a region frequently deleted in human cancers. Genomics 1997; 46:291-3. [PMID: 9417918 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
LIM domains, found in over 60 proteins, play key roles in the regulation of developmental pathways. They were first identified as cysteine-rich motifs found in the three proteins Lin-11, Isl-1, and Mec-3. LIM proteins frequently contain DNA-binding homeodomains, allowing these proteins to activate transcription. LIM domains also function as protein-binding interfaces, mediating specific protein-protein interactions. Limatin is a novel LIM protein that binds to actin filaments via a domain that is homologous to erythrocyte dematin. Here we report the murine and human chromosomal localizations of limatin (LIMAB1). Limatin was mapped to mouse Chromosome 19 by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and to human chromosome region 10q25 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Radiation hybrid mapping placed LIMAB1 in a 37-cR interval between markers D10S554 and D10S2390. Interestingly, 10q25 is a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity in human tumors, thus identifying limatin as a candidate tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kim
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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17
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Marfatia SM, Morais-Cabral JH, Kim AC, Byron O, Chishti AH. The PDZ domain of human erythrocyte p55 mediates its binding to the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus of glycophorin C. Analysis of the binding interface by in vitro mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24191-7. [PMID: 9305870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDZ domain, also known as the GLGF repeat/DHR domain, is an approximately 90-amino acid motif discovered in a recently identified family of proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues). Sequence comparison analysis has since identified PDZ domains in over 50 proteins. Like SH2 and SH3 domains, the PDZ domains mediate specific protein-protein interactions, whose specificities appear to be dictated by the primary structure of the PDZ domain as well as its binding target. Using recombinant fusion proteins and a blot overlay assay, we show that a single copy of the PDZ domain in human erythrocyte p55 binds to the carboxyl terminus of the cytoplasmic domain of human erythroid glycophorin C. Deletion mutagenesis of 21 amino acids at the amino terminus of the p55 PDZ domain completely abrogates its binding activity for glycophorin C. Using an alanine scan and surface plasmon resonance technique, we identify residues in the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin C that are critical for its interaction with the PDZ domain. The recognition specificity of the p55 PDZ domain appears to be unique, since the three PDZ domains of hDlg (human lymphocyte homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor) do not bind the cytoplasmic domain of glycophorin C. Taken together with our previous studies, these results complete the identification of interacting domains in the ternary complex between p55, glycophorin C, and protein 4.1. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of binding specificity and the regulation of cytoskeleton-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Marfatia
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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18
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Abstract
The vertebrate neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM mediates heterophilic adhesion to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in embryonic chick brain membranes. In this study, mouse L cells transfected with chicken NCAM were used to identify two of these ligands as agrin and the target of the 6C4 monoclonal antibody. A third heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan, appeared not to support NCAM-mediated adhesion. Enzymatic degradation of chondroitin sulfates decreased adhesion in agrin-containing membrane fractions but increased adhesion if the agrin had previously been removed by immunoprecipitation, suggesting that interactions between heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans have important influences on adhesion. Our experiments support the view that NCAM can interact with multiple, but not with all, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in chick brain membranes in both positive and negative ways to influence cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Storms
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717-2300, USA
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Peters LL, Kirley LA, Kim AC, Chishti AH. Localization of the gene encoding the erythrocyte membrane protein p55 (Mpp1) on the mouse X Chromosome. Mamm Genome 1996; 7:245-6. [PMID: 8833260 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Peters
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Kim AC, Metzenberg AB, Sahr KE, Marfatia SM, Chishti AH. Complete genomic organization of the human erythroid p55 gene (MPP1), a membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue. Genomics 1996; 31:223-9. [PMID: 8824805 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human p55 is an abundantly palmitoylated phosphoprotein of the erythroid membrane. It is the prototype of a newly discovered family of membrane-associated proteins termed MAGUKs (membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues). The MAGUKs interact with the cytoskeleton and regulate cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and intercellular junctions. Here, we report the complete intron-exon map of the human erythroid p55 gene (HGMW-approved symbol MPP1). The structure of the p55 gene was determined from cosmid clones isolated from a cosmid library specific for the human X chromosome. There is a single copy of the p55 gene, composed of 12 exons and spanning approximately 28 kb in the q28 region of the human X chromosome. The exon sizes range from 69 (exon 5) to 203 (exon 10) bp, whereas the intron sizes vary from 280 bp (intron 2) to approximately 14 kb (intron 1). The intron-exon boundaries conform to the donor/acceptor consensus sequence, GT-AG, for splice junctions. Several of the exon boundaries correspond to the boundaries of functional domains in the p55 protein. These domains include a SH3 motif and a region that binds to cytoskeletal protein 4.1. In addition, a comparison of the genomic and the primary structures of p55 reveals a highly conserved phosphotyrosine domain located between the protein 4.1 binding domain and the guanylate kinase domain. Finally, promoter activity measurements of the region immediately upstream of the p55 gene, which contains several cis-elements commonly found in housekeeping genes, suggest that a CpG island may be associated with the p55 gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kim
- Department of Biomedical Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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Vredevoe D, Kim AC, Dambacher B, Call JD. Aggressive post-operative play responses of hospitalized preschool children. Nurs Res Rep 1969; 4:1 passim. [PMID: 5192551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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