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Lundsør E, Lømsland ER, Johnsen TM, Engesmo A, King AL, Staalstrøm A, Norli M, Magnusson J, Sørensen K, Edvardsen B, Eikrem W. Marine phytoplankton community data and corresponding environmental properties from eastern Norway, 1896-2020. Sci Data 2022; 9:767. [PMID: 36517507 PMCID: PMC9751269 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Time series are essential for studying the long-term effects of human impact and climatic changes on the natural environment. Although data exist, no long-term phytoplankton dataset for the Norwegian coastal area has been compiled and made publicly available in a standardised format. Here we report on a compilation of phytoplankton data from inner Oslofjorden going back more than a century. The database contains 605 sampling events from 1896 to 2020, and environmental data has also been provided when available. Although the sampling frequency has varied over time, the high taxonomic quality and relatively similar methodology make it very useful. For the last 15 years (2006-2020), the sampling frequency has been almost monthly throughout the year. This dataset can be used for time series analysis to understand community structure and changes over time. It can also be used to study common taxa' responses to environmental variables and changes, seasonal or annual species diversity and be useful for developing ecological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lundsør
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway ,grid.458592.70000 0004 1787 6551Norconsult AS, PO Box 626, 1303 Sandvika, Norway
| | - Evy Rigmor Lømsland
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Martin Johnsen
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Engesmo
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Luke King
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrè Staalstrøm
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Norli
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnusson
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Sørensen
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Edvardsen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Eikrem
- grid.6407.50000 0004 0447 9960Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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Lundsør E, Eikrem W, Stige LC, Engesmo A, Stadniczeñko SG, Edvardsen B. Changes in phytoplankton community structure over a century in relation to environmental factors. J Plankton Res 2022; 44:854-871. [PMID: 36447778 PMCID: PMC9692196 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in phytoplankton abundance and biomass during the period 1933-2020 were examined by statistical modeling using data from the Inner Oslofjorden phytoplankton database. The phytoplankton abundances increased with eutrophication from 1930s to 1970s, but with the implementation of sewage cleaning measures and a resulting reduction in nutrient releases, the phytoplankton abundance has since then decreased significantly. The onset of the seasonal blooms has started progressively later during the last 15 years, especially the spring bloom. The delayed spring bloom co-occurred with increasing temperature in winter and spring. The diatom biomass decreased more than that of dinoflagellates and other microeukaryotes. The diatom genus Skeletonema dominated the spring bloom and was found to be the key taxa in explaining these changes in abundance and phenology. Extensive summer blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, which has been characteristic for the inner Oslofjorden, has also gradually decreased during the last decades, along with reducing eutrophication. Dinoflagellates have not had the same reduction in abundance as the other groups. Despite an increasing proportion of dinoflagellates compared with other taxa, there are no clear indications of increased occurrence of toxic algal blooms in inner Oslofjorden. However, the introduction of new "toxin-producing" species may cause concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenche Eikrem
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Christian Stige
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 64, 1431 ås, Norway
| | - Anette Engesmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bente Edvardsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Barcytė D, Eikrem W, Engesmo A, Seoane S, Wohlmann J, Horák A, Yurchenko T, Eliáš M. Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta. J Phycol 2021; 57:1094-1118. [PMID: 33655496 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic diversity of Ochrophyta, a diverse and ecologically important radiation of algae, is still incompletely understood even at the level of the principal lineages. One taxon that has eluded simple classification is the marine flagellate genus Olisthodiscus. We investigated Olisthodiscus luteus K-0444 and documented its morphological and genetic differences from the NIES-15 strain, which we described as Olisthodiscus tomasii sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined 18S and 28S rRNA sequences confirmed that Olisthodiscus constitutes a separate, deep, ochrophyte lineage, but its position could not be resolved. To overcome this problem, we sequenced the plastid genome of O. luteus K-0444 and used the new data in multigene phylogenetic analyses, which suggested that Olisthodiscus is a sister lineage of the class Pinguiophyceae within a broader clade additionally including Chrysophyceae, Synchromophyceae, and Eustigmatophyceae. Surprisingly, the Olisthodiscus plastid genome contained three genes, ycf80, cysT, and cysW, inherited from the rhodophyte ancestor of the ochrophyte plastid yet lost from all other ochrophyte groups studied so far. Combined with nuclear genes for CysA and Sbp proteins, Olisthodiscus is the only known ochrophyte possessing a plastidial sulfate transporter SulT. In addition, the finding of a cemA gene in the Olisthodiscus plastid genome and an updated phylogenetic analysis ruled out the previously proposed hypothesis invoking horizontal cemA transfer from a green algal plastid into Synurales. Altogether, Olisthodiscus clearly represents a novel phylogenetically distinct ochrophyte lineage, which we have proposed as a new class, Olisthodiscophyceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Barcytė
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Wenche Eikrem
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Natural history Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Engesmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergio Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleš Horák
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Yurchenko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Engesmo A, Strand D, Gran-Stadniczeñko S, Edvardsen B, Medlin LK, Eikrem W. Development of a qPCR assay to detect and quantify ichthyotoxic flagellates along the Norwegian coast, and the first Norwegian record of Fibrocapsa japonica (Raphidophyceae). Harmful Algae 2018; 75:105-117. [PMID: 29778220 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of ichthyotoxic microalgae pose a great challenge to the aquaculture industry world-wide, and there is a need for fast and specific methods for their detection and quantification in monitoring programs. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection and enumeration of three ichthyotoxic flagellates: the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Hansen & Moestrup and the two raphidophytes Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada ex Hara & Chihara and Fibrocapsa japonica Toriumi & Takano were developed. Further, a previously published qPCR assay for the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum (Ballantine) Larsen was used. Monthly samples collected for three years (Aug 2009-Jun 2012) in outer Oslofjorden, Norway were analysed, and the results compared with light microscopy cell counts. The results indicate a higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit (down to 1 cell L-1) for both qPCR assays. Qualitative and semi-quantitative results were further compared with those obtained by environmental 454 high throughput sequencing (HTS, metabarcoding) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination from the same samplings. All four species were detected by qPCR and HTS and/or SEM in outer Oslofjorden (Aug 2009-Jun 2012); Karlodinium veneficum was present year-round, whereas Karenia mikimotoi, Heterosigma akashiwo and Fibrocapsa japonica appeared mainly during the autumn in all three years. This is the first observation of Fibrocapsa japonica in Norwegian coastal waters. This species has previously been recorded off the Swedish west coast and German Bight, which may suggest a northward dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Engesmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - David Strand
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 750 Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Bente Edvardsen
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, P. O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Linda K Medlin
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Citadel, Plymouth, Pl1 2PB, United Kingdom.
| | - Wenche Eikrem
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadallèen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, P. O. box 1066 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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