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Stricker S, Ziegahn N, Karsten M, Boeckel T, Stich-Boeckel H, Maske J, Rugo E, Balazs A, Millar Büchner P, Dang-Heine C, Schriever V, Eils R, Lehmann I, Sander LE, Ralser M, Corman VM, Mall MA, Sawitzki B, Roehmel J. RECAST: Study protocol for an observational study for the understanding of the increased REsilience of Children compared to Adults in SARS-CoV-2 infecTion. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065221. [PMID: 37068896 PMCID: PMC10111194 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains a threat to public health. Soon after its outbreak, it became apparent that children are less severely affected. Indeed, opposing clinical manifestations between children and adults are observed for other infections. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak provides the unique opportunity to study the underlying mechanisms. This protocol describes the methods of an observational study that aims to characterise age dependent differences in immune responses to primary respiratory infections using SARS-CoV-2 as a model virus and to assess age differences in clinical outcomes including lung function. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study aims to recruit at least 120 children and 60 adults that are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and collect specimen for a multiomics analysis, including single cell RNA sequencing of nasal epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mass cytometry of whole blood samples and nasal cells, mass spectrometry-based serum and plasma proteomics, nasal epithelial cultures with functional in vitro analyses, SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, sequencing of the viral genome and lung function testing. Data obtained from this multiomics approach are correlated with medical history and clinical data. Recruitment started in October 2020 and is ongoing. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA2/066/20). All collected specimens are stored in the central biobank of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and are made available to all participating researchers and on request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00025715, pre-results publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Ziegahn
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Karsten
- Karsten, Rugo, Wagner, Paediatric Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Boeckel
- Boeckel, Haverkaemper, Paediatric Practice and Practice for Paediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Maske
- Maske, Pankok, Paediatric Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn Rugo
- Karsten, Rugo, Wagner, Paediatric Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Balazs
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Millar Büchner
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang-Heine
- Clinical Study Center (CSC), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Schriever
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Roehmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Corradino M, Balazs A, Faccenna C, Pepe F. Arc and forearc rifting in the Tyrrhenian subduction system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4728. [PMID: 35304876 PMCID: PMC8933539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of forearc and backarc domains is usually treated separately, as they are separated by a volcanic arc. We analyse their spatial and temporal relationships in the Tyrrhenian subduction system, using seismic profiles and numerical modelling. A volcanic arc, which included the Marsili volcano, was involved in arc-rifting during the Pliocene. This process led to the formation of an oceanic backarc basin (~ 1.8 Ma) to the west of the Marsili volcano. The eastern region corresponded to the forearc domain, floored by serpentinised mantle. Here, a new volcanic arc formed at ~ 1 Ma, marking the onset of the forearc-rifting. This work highlights that fluids and melts induce weakening of the volcanic arc region and drive the arc-rifting that led to the backarc basin formation. Later, the slab rollback causes the trench-ward migration of volcanism that led to the forearc- rifting under the control of fluids released from the downgoing plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corradino
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Balazs
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Faccenna
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Sciences, Università Roma TRE, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pepe
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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Balazs A, Torbjørn Furre T, Karsten Eilertsen K. EP-1823: Characterization of kV- and MV-CBCT for personalized adaptive treatment therapy on RayStation TPS. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramberg C, Balazs A, Winge-Main A, Olerud H. EP-1591: Four approaches to estimate the foetus dose from radiotherapy with photon beams - a case example. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Balazs A, Eklund K. EP-1372: Characterization of the new Single Layer Diamond detector. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sipiczki M, Balazs A, Monus A, Papp L, Horvath A, Sveiczer A, Miklos I. Phylogenetic and comparative functional analysis of the cell-separation α-glucanase Agn1p in Schizosaccharomyces. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1063-1074. [PMID: 24699070 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.077511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The post-cytokinetic separation of cells in cell-walled organisms involves enzymic processes that degrade a specific layer of the division septum and the region of the mother cell wall that edges the septum. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the 1,3-α-glucanase Agn1p, originally identified as a mutanase-like glycoside hydrolase family 71 (GH71) enzyme, dissolves the mother cell wall around the septum edge. Our search in the genomes of completely sequenced fungi identified GH71 hydrolases in Basidiomycota, Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina, but not in Saccharomycotina. The most likely Agn1p orthologues in Pezizomycotina species are not mutanases having mutanase-binding domains, but experimentally non-characterized hypothetical proteins that have no carbohydrate-binding domains. The analysis of the GH71 domains corroborated the phylogenetic relationships of the Schizosaccharomyces species determined by previous studies, but suggested a closer relationship to the Basidiomycota proteins than to the Ascomycota proteins. In the Schizosaccharomyces genus, the Agn1p proteins are structurally conserved: their GH71 domains are flanked by N-terminal secretion signals and C-terminal sequences containing the conserved block YNFNA(Y)/HTG. The inactivation of the agn1(Sj) gene in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, the only true dimorphic member of the genus, caused a severe cell-separation defect in its yeast phase, but had no effect on the hyphal growth and yeast-to-mycelium transition. It did not affect the mycelium-to-yeast transition either, only delaying the separation of the yeast cells arising from the fragmenting hyphae. The heterologous expression of agn1(Sj) partially rescued the separation defect of the agn1Δ cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The results presented indicate that the fission yeast Agn1p 1,3-α-glucanases of Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe share conserved functions in the yeast phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sipiczki
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Balazs
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Aniko Monus
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Papp
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Horvath
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akos Sveiczer
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ida Miklos
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Balazs A, Batta G, Miklos I, Acs-Szabo L, Vazquez de Aldana CR, Sipiczki M. Conserved regulators of the cell separation process in Schizosaccharomyces. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:235-49. [PMID: 22300943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fission yeasts (Schizosaccharomyces) representing a highly divergent phylogenetic branch of Fungi evolved from filamentous ancestors by gradual transition from mycelial growth to yeast morphology. For the transition, a mechanism had been developed that separates the sister cells after the completion of cytokinesis. Numerous components of the separation mechanism have been characterised in Schizosaccharomycespombe, including the zinc-finger transcription factor Ace2p and the fork-head transcription factor Sep1p. Here we show that both regulators have regions conserved within the genus. The most conserved parts contain the DNA-binding domains whose amino-acid sequences perfectly reflect the phylogenetic positions of the species. The less conserved parts of the proteins contain sequence blocks specific for the whole genus or only for the species propagating predominantly or exclusively as yeasts. Inactivation of either gene in the dimorphic species Schizosaccharomycesjaponicus abolished cell separation in the yeast phase conferring hypha-like morphology but did not change the growth pattern to unipolar and did not cause extensive polar vacuolation characteristic of the true mycelium. Neither mutation affected the mycelial phase, but both mutations hampered the hyphal fragmentation at the mycelium-to-yeast transition. Ace2p(Sj) acts downstream of Sep1p(Sj) and regulates the orthologues of the Ace2p-dependent S.pombe genes agn1(+) (1,3-alpha-glucanase) and eng1(+) (1,3-beta-glucanase) but does not regulate the orthologue of cfh4(+) (chitin synthase regulatory factor). These results and the complementation of the cell separation defects of the ace2(-) and sep1(-) mutations of S.pombe by heterologously expressed ace2(Sj) and sep1(Sj) indicate that the cell separation mechanism is conserved in the Schizosaccharomyces genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balazs
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Manley (Chairman) G, Carlsson A, Ahlborg B, Mårtensson Å, Nilsson MB, Lane H, Balazs A, Vaalburg A, Wong D, van Splunter P. J07 Guidelines for the oral health of adults with Huntington's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.222661.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Balooch M, Wu-Magidi IC, Balazs A, Lundkvist AS, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW, Siekhaus WJ, Kinney JH. Viscoelastic properties of demineralized human dentin measured in water with atomic force microscope (AFM)-based indentation. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 40:539-44. [PMID: 9599029 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19980615)40:4<539::aid-jbm4>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an attachment specifically designed for indentation, we measured the mechanical properties of demineralized human dentin under three conditions: in water, in air after desiccation, and in water after rehydration. The static elastic modulus (E(h)r = 134 kPa) and viscoelastic responses (tau(epsilon) = 5.1 s and tau(sigma) = 6.6 s) of the hydrated, demineralized collagen scaffolding were determined from the standard linear solid model of viscoelasticity. No significant variation of these properties was observed with location. On desiccation, the samples showed considerably larger elastic moduli (2 GPa), and a hardness value of 0.2 GPa was measured. Upon rehydration the elastic modulus decreased but did not fully recover to the value prior to dehydration (381 kPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balooch
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Klemm M, Balazs A, Draeger J, Wiezorrek R. Experimental use of space-retaining substances with extended duration: functional and morphological results. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1995; 233:592-7. [PMID: 8543211 DOI: 10.1007/bf00404711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In glaucoma surgery, e.g. cyclodialysis ab interno, to date no viscous substances have been available that stay in the cyclodialysis cleft long enough to prevent scarring. We examined the qualities of two different viscoelastic substances that stay longer in the place of instillation than hyaluronic acid. METHODS We performed cyclodialysis ab interno in 12 eyes of six owl monkeys. The right eyes were treated with the gel with the higher molecular weight, the left eyes using the gel with the lower molecular weight. The baseline data of intraocular pressure and outflow facility were compared to the values measured postoperatively up to the 140th day. Histological examination of the eyes followed. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the two substances. The mean intraocular pressure decrease was 7.9 (+/- 2.9) mmHg in the right eyes and 4.8 (+/- 2.7) mmHg in the left eyes. The histological examination showed that the gel had remained in the cyclodialysis cleft without signs of inflammation. In contrast to other viscoelastic substances studied previously, the substances in this study performed their space-retaining function without decreasing outflow facility. CONCLUSION Both substances are suitable means of improving the rate of success of cyclodialysis ab interno, as they remain where they are instilled long enough to prevent wound scarring in the cyclodialysis cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klemm
- Augenklinik, Univesitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Michurina TV, Satdykova GP, Balazs A, Butorina NN, Mushegova NI, Khrushchov NG. [The characteristics of the hematopoietic cells forming colonies on cellulose acetate membranes and their distinctions from other clonogenic cells]. Ontogenez 1991; 22:137-46. [PMID: 1857594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize hemopoietic cells forming colonies on membranes of cellulose acetate (CFU-acm) implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice, we studied the effect of factors stimulating and inhibiting granulocytopoiesis on these cells. Proliferation of CFU-acm can be controlled by humoral factors and this allows us to conclude that they are not identical to CFUs and probably belong to the compartment of early hemopoietic cells of the granulocyte series. We also present evidence for fractional composition, ultrastructure and bone marrow origin of cells belonging to the layer providing for hemopoietic microenvironment for the resulting foci of hemopoiesis; we also present evidence for the role of fibroblasts (fibroblast-like cells) in the maintenance of hemopoiesis. Experiments on transplantation of bone marrow from several rodent species to syn-, allo- and xenogenic recipients allowed us to study interactions of hemopoietic elements of colonies with cells of the underlying layer.
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Bueverova �I, Bragina EV, Krushchov NG, Balazs A, Gefeni D, Mann J, Tapolcan A. Effect of leukocytic serum preparation on hematopoietic cells in vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00842252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mann J, Tapolcai A, Hetenyi G, Balazs A. HL-60 human leukaemic cell line colonies in agar capillaries: comparison of their reactivity to hormones, cytostatics and selective inhibitors of proliferation. Cell Biol Int Rep 1985; 9:201-7. [PMID: 3857126 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(85)90036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonies of the HL-60 human leukaemic promyelocytic cell line developing in semisolid agar gel capillaries were established. The endogenous inhibitory fraction GI-3, specific for myeloid cells, hydrocortisone and adriamycin decreased colony number in a dose dependent manner. ED50 values amounted to 220, 10(-1) and 4.5 X 10(-3), micrograms/ml respectively. If administered in combination, the endogenous inhibitor, steroid hormone and cytostatic agent exhibited a marked synergism. They affected HL-60 cells additively, and in some cases, a slight potentiation occurred. The experiments demonstrate the possibility of augmenting the inhibitory activity of cytostatics and hormones on leukaemic cells by endogenous inhibitors without an increase in drug toxicity.
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