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Bano S, Khan N, Fatima M, Khalique A, Arslan M, Nazir S, Asghar M, Khizar A, Davies SJ, Wan AHL. Enhancing farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) robustness through dietary β-glucan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298414. [PMID: 38483918 PMCID: PMC10939287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a well-documented feed additive for its potent immunostimulatory properties in many farmed fish species. This study examined how it can also be a promising growth promoter, modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, and act as an anti-stress agent in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A 12-week feeding experiment was untaken to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation at graded levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g kg-1). Measured indicators suggest that a dietary inclusion level of 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan gave the highest positive responses: weight gain (120.10 g fish-1), survival (98.30%), and lower FCR (1.70) (P<0.05). Whole body proximate analysis had only revealed that crude protein was significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of β-glucan (P<0.05), with the highest protein content (19.70%) being in fish that were fed with 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan. Although other inclusion levels (i.e., 0.5 and 1 g kg-1) of β-glucan did not enhance body protein content (P>0.05). The assessment of fatty acid composition in muscle, liver, and adipose tissues showed modifications with the inclusion of β-glucan. Antioxidative-related enzyme activities (inc. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) that were measured in the liver had higher levels when fed with β-glucan inclusion diets (P<0.05). Following the feed trial, fish were subjected to crowding stress treatment. It was subsequently found that catfish fed with β-glucan-based diet groups had lower levels of blood stress-related indicators compared to the control group with no dietary β-glucan. The use of 1.5 g kg-1 of dietary β-glucan resulted in the lowest measured levels of cortisol (43.13 ng mL-1) and glucose (50.16 mg dL-1). This study has demonstrated that the dietary inclusion of β-glucan can have functional benefits beyond the immunological enhancements in striped catfish. Furthermore, its use can increase production levels and mitigate the stress associated with intensive farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeza Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Murat Arslan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khizar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Simon John Davies
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Alex H. L. Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
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Quddus RA, Ahmad N, Khalique A, Bhatti JA. Evaluation of automated monitoring calving prediction in dairy buffaloes a new tool for calving management. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e257884. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Buffalo is one of the leading milk-producing dairy animals. Its production and reproduction are affected due to some factors including inadequate monitoring around parturition, which cause economic losses like delayed birth process, increased risk of stillbirth, etc. The appropriate calving monitoring is essential for dairy herd management. Therefore, we designed a study its aim was, to predict the calving based on automated machine measured prepartum behaviors in buffaloes. The data were collected from n=40 pregnant buffaloes of 2nd to 5th parity, which was synchronized. The NEDAP neck and leg logger tag was attached to each buffalo at 30 days before calving and automatically collected feeding, rumination, lying, standing, no. of steps, no. of switches from standing to lying (lying bouts) and total motion activity. All behavioral data were reduced to -10 days before the calving date for statistical analysis to use mixed model procedure and ANOVA. Results showed that feeding and rumination time significantly (P<0.05) decreased from -10 to -1 days before calving indicating calving prediction. Moreover, Rumination time was at lowest (P<0.001) value at 2h before the calving such behavioral changes may be useful to predict calving in buffaloes. Similarly, lying bouts and standing time abruptly decreased (P<0.05) from -3 to -1 days before calving, while lying time abruptly increased (P<0.01) from -3 to -1 days before calving (531.57±23.65 to 665.62±18.14, respectively). No. of steps taken and total motion significantly (P<0.05) increased from -10 to -1 days before calving. Feeding time was significantly (P<0.02) lowered in 3rd parity buffaloes compared with 2nd, 4th and 5th parity buffaloes, while standing time of 5th parity buffaloes were lowered (P<0.05) as compared to 2nd to 4th parity buffalos at -1 day of prepartum. However, rumination, lying, no. of steps taken and total motion activity at -1 day of prepartum was independent (P>0.05) of parity in buffaloes. Neural network analysis for combined variables from NEDAP technology at the daily level yielded 100.0% sensitivity and 98% specificity. In conclusion NEDAP technology can be used to measured behavioral changes -10 day before calving as it can serve as a useful guide in the prediction calving date in the buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Quddus
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - N. Ahmad
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Khalique
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - J. A. Bhatti
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Malik KM, Zahoor I, Khalique A, Sahota AW, Basheer A. Expression profiling of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 genes in lung tissues of Aseel, Crossbred Naked neck, and White Leghorn chicken challenged with H9N2 Influenza virus. J HELL VET MED SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.28174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aseel and Naked neck are major chicken breeds of the tropics and well-known for their thermotolerance and robustness. However, both of them especially Aseel are very susceptible to Avian Influenza (AI) which cause huge mortalities. The role of cytokines in relation to the pathology and severity of the disease caused by the endemic strain (H9N2) of AIV in these breeds remained thus far unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of H9N2 AIV on the expression level of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the lung tissues of Aseel, crossbred Naked Neck, and White Leghorn (WLH). In total 60 birds, 20 from each breed, were used in this study, whereas 30 birds (10 from each breed) were challenged intranasally with H9N2 virus with a concentration of 106 EID50 at 6wk of age and other half were treated as control. The lung tissues were sampled at 5th day post-infection to study the differential expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 using qRT-PCR. Our data revealed a significant difference (P<0.001) in the gene expression levels among all the breeds in response to viral challenge. It was also observed that after exposure to H9N2 virus, Aseel birds showed the highest increase in their expressions of interleukin (IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8) genes followed by Naked Neck and WLH respectively suggesting greater susceptibility of Aseel to AIV compared with other breeds. However, these results are in agreement with the severity of disease and incidence of mortality caused by AI in these breeds.
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Zahid MU, Khalique A, Qaisrani SN, Ashraf M, Sheikh AA, Yaqoob MU. The effect of Acacia nilotica bark extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response, and intestinal morphology in broilers as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter. Anim Biosci 2023:ab.22.0284. [PMID: 36634650 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC: without any supplementation; AB: NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB: NC+Safmannan; ANBE1: NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1 %; ANBE3: NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3 %; ANBE5: NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5 %), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results Results showed that weight gain (1296.63 g) and FCR (1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54) and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (P<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5 and 1.51 %, respectively). Significantly (P<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dl) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dl). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer Zahid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Junaid M, Inayat S, Gulzar N, Khalique A, Shahzad F, Irshad I, Imran M. Physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory evaluation and fatty acid profiling of value-added drinking yogurt (laban) under various storage conditions. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:39-46. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Junaid M, Inayat S, Gulzar N, Khalique A, Younas U, Shahzad F, Muhammad Iqbal Z, Rajab M. Effect of different fat levels on physicochemical, sensory and microbiological attributes of fermented laban milk. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2011297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Inayat
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Gulzar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umair Younas
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Shahzad
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rajab
- Department of Statistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Bughio E, Hussain J, Mahmud A, Khalique A. Effects of production system and feeding regimen on carcass and meat quality traits of Naked Neck chicken. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v51i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of a production system and feeding regimen on meat quality attributes of Naked Neck chickens, a total of 150 cockerels at 18 weeks old (1625 ± 70 g) were collected from 10 treatment groups with five replicates of three birds. The factorial arrangement of treatments consisted of two production systems (intensive and free-range) and five nutritional regimens, namely 100% commercial feed; 75% commercial feed plus 25% kitchen waste; 50% commercial feed plus 50% kitchen waste; 25% commercial feed plus 75% kitchen waste; and 100% kitchen waste. Carcass traits, meat quality, and meat organoleptic were found to differ significantly among production systems, feeding regimens, and their interaction. Higher liver weight was observed in birds reared under an intensive system. Higher gizzard weight was noted in birds fed with 100% kitchen waste, whereas lower gizzard weight was observed in birds fed the commercial diet. The meat from cockerels fed with 75% kitchen waste was most yellow, whereas the meat from the birds fed with 100% kitchen waste was least yellow. At two hours after slaughter, pH of the meat was highest in birds fed 50% kitchen waste and lowest in birds fed 100% kitchen waste. The interaction of production system and feeding regimen was significant for overall acceptability score. In conclusion, Naked Neck chickens performed equally well under intensive and free-range systems, irrespective of the level of kitchen waste that they were fed.
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Akhtar MU, Hifzulrahman, Imran M, Pasha TN, Khalique A, Saadullah M, Tahir MN, Ikram-Ul-Haq M, Naveed-Ul-Haque M. Nitrogen balance, production performance, and plasma metabolites of lactating buffaloes in response to varying dietary protein levels. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:443. [PMID: 34417891 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein imbalance in dairy rations affects N balance and milk N efficiency (MNE) resulting in extra N excretion to the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in N balance, milk production, and plasma metabolites of lactating buffaloes in response to different dietary crude protein (CP) supplies. Six multiparous Nili Ravi buffaloes in mid-lactation were used in this experiment in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were diets with 9.26, 10.0, and 11.4% of CP on DM basis. All the diets were iso-caloric (2.05 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM), whereas oat silage was mixed with the respective concentrate and offered once daily as total mixed ration. Milk fat content and yields of actual milk, 4% fat corrected milk, milk fat, protein, and lactose increased by 3.97, 9.63, 11.8, 6.23, and 6.57%, respectively. Milk protein content tended to increase linearly with increasing dietary CP levels. Milk N secreted as g/d increased, while as percent of N intake decreased. The resulting decrease in MNE (13.7%) was 3.45 greater than the increase in milk yield observed by increasing dietary CP from 9.26 to 11.4% of DM. Total manure N increased linearly in terms of g/d and tended to increase as percent of N excreted. Excretion rate of N also increased linearly by 32%. In conclusion, milk yield, milk fat, protein, and lactose yields increased; however, decreased MNE indicates relatively greater N losses as observed by increased N excretion rate when CP level increased from 9.26 to 11.4% in the diet of lactating buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Uzair Akhtar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hifzulrahman
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Animal Nutrition, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences), Narowal, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Talat Naseer Pasha
- University of Education, College Road, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saadullah
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Tahir
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram-Ul-Haq
- Provincial Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Livestock Complex, 16-Cooper Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed-Ul-Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Tipu MA, Khalique A, Naveed-Ul-Haque M, Shahid MQ, Akhtar M, Ilyas M. Effect of feeding calcium propionate supplemented cotton seed cake on milk yield, milk composition and aflatoxin concentration in lactating buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:285. [PMID: 33893574 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to reduce aflatoxin in a cotton seed cake (csc)-based diet and to decrease M1 level in milk by treating it with increasing levels of calcium propionate. Sixteen multiparous Nili-Ravi buffaloes were allocated to one of four treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were calcium propionate treatment on csc at 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%. The duration of each period was 20 days. The level of aflatoxin was 100 ug/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the control diet. Calcium propionate application decreased the concentration of aflatoxin M1, and the treatments were 1.63, 0.83, 0.29 and 0.44 ug/kg in 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%, respectively. Milk yield and milk composition were not affected across the whole range of treatment. In conclusion, oral intake of calcium propionate reduced the AF transfer from feed to milk without changing milk yield and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed-Ul-Haque
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamer Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Khan A, Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A. Impact of winterization on fatty acids' composition, isomers, and oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic acids produced from selected vegetable oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
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Khan IT, Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A. Impact of post fermentation cooling patterns on fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and antioxidant features of cow and buffalo milk set yoghurt. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:74. [PMID: 32293468 PMCID: PMC7157986 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the manufacturing of set yoghurt, after reaching 4.6 pH, post fermentation cooling is applied to stop the bacterial activity. Depending upon the required textural and flavor attributes, one phase and two phase cooling patterns are accordingly selected. In one phase cooling, temperature of the yoghurt is rapidly decreased below 10 °C using blast freezing and then it is gradually dropped to 4-5 °C. In two phase cooling, temperature of yogurt is rapidly decreased to less than 20 °C and then it is gradually decreased to 4-5 °C. These cooling phases have a significant impact on textural and flavor perspectives of yoghurt. It is necessary to study the impact of industrially adopted cooling patterns on fatty acid profile, antioxidant characteristics, lipid oxidation and sensory characteristics of cow and buffalo milk set yoghurt. Methods This experiment was organized in a completely randomized design and every treatment was replicated five times to minimize the variation. Whole cow and buffalo milk without any standardization were converted to set yoghurt (400 g cups) using Strepotococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus as starter bacteria. After reaching 4.6 pH, cow and buffalo yoghurt samples were exposed to three different cooling patterns. In first trial, samples of cow and buffalo yoghurt were cooled from 43 °C to 25 °C in 1 h and finally cooled to 4-5 °C in another hr. (T1). In second trial, samples were cooled from 43 °C to 18 °C in 1 hr. and finally cooled down to 4-5 °C in another 1 h. (T2). In third trial, samples were cooled from 43 °C to 4-5 °C in 2 h (T1). Alteration in fatty acid profile, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, free fatty acids, peroxide value, conjugated dienes, vitamin A, E, color and flavor of cow and buffalo yoghurt samples were assessed for 20 days at the frequency of 10 days. Results All the three cooling patterns had a non-significant effect on compositional attributes of yoghurt. Buffalo milk yogurt had higher percentage of fat, protein and total solids than yoghurt prepared from cow milk (p < 0.05). At zero day, DPPH free radical scavenging activity of T2 and T3 was significantly higher than T1. This may be due to the longer exposure of T1 at relatively higher temperature than T2 and T3. Effect of storage period up to 10 days was non-significant in T2 and T3. Reducing power of cow and buffalo milk yoghurt was also significantly affected by the cooling patterns applied. Reducing power of T2 and T3 was considerably higher than T1 (p < 0.05). At zero-day, total antioxidant capacity of cow and buffalo milk yoghurt in T3 was 42.6 and 61.4%, respectively. At zero day, total antioxidant capacity of T2 and T3 was significantly higher than T1. Effect of storage on total antioxidant capacity of T2 and T3 remained non-significant till 10 days of storage. At zero day, the impact of cooling patterns on fatty acid profile of T1, T2 and T3 was non-significant, whereas, storage period had a marked impact on fatty acid profile. After 10 days, T1 was considerably different in fatty acids from T2 and T3. After 10 days of storage of cow milk yoghurt in T1, concentration of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 decreased by 0.1, 0.11, 0.09, 0.07, 0.21, 0.38, 0.28, 0.27, 0.44 and 0.06%, respectively. Cow milk yoghurt in T1 after 10 days of storage, concentration of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 decreased by 0.07, 0.15, 0.04, 0.17, 0.20, 0.34, 0.27, 0.36 and 0.04%, respectively. After 10 days of storage in T2 and T3, loss of fatty acids was 1.2 and 3.61% from C4:0 to C10:0, respectively. Milk type had no effect on peroxide value of yoghurt. Cooling of cow and buffalo yoghurt from 43 °C to 25 °C had a pronounced effect on peroxide value. At zero day, peroxide values of cow and buffalo yoghurt in T1 were 0.32 and 0.33 (MeqO2/kg). At zero day, peroxide value of cow and buffalo yoghurt in T2 were 0.24 and 0.26 (MeqO2/kg). At zero day, peroxide value cow and buffalo yoghurt in T3 were 0.23 and 0.25 (MeqO2/kg). Cooling patterns i.e. from 43 °C to 25, 18 and 5 °C (T1, T2 and T3) had a significant effect on the amount of vitamin A and E. Concentration of vitamin A and E in T1 were significantly less than T2 and T3. Cooling patterns had a significant effect on texture, T1 had a thick texture with higher viscosity as compared to T2 and T3. Thickness of yoghurt was in the order of T1 > T2 > T3 with no difference in color and flavor score till 10 days of storage. Conclusion Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T1 were optimum till 10 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Taj Khan
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Butt MA, Bhatti JA, Khalique A, Shahid MQ. Effect of fans and showers on the physiological measures and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during subtropical summer. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1991-2000. [PMID: 31981056 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of fans and showers on the physiological measures and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Thirty-six bulls with an average body weight of 898.0 ± 135.2 kg (mean ± SD) and an average age (4 to 6 years) were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) CTL, bulls kept under shade only; (2) FN, bulls provided with fans under shade; and (3) FNS, bulls provided showers in addition to fans under shade. The trial was carried out for 6 months from April to September 2016 and was categorized into two seasons (dry summer and humid summer). Ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index, dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR) and respiration rate (RR) were recorded daily. Semen characteristics and selected blood metabolites were measured every 2 weeks. The results indicated that the DMI of the bulls was similar between the treatment groups. Water intake, RT, PR and RR were significantly lower in the FNS group than in the CTL and FN groups (P < 0.001). Semen characteristics, including semen concentration, post-thaw semen motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness, live-to-dead ratio, plasma membrane integrity, normal acrosomal ridge and DNA integrity, were not different between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). The FNS group tended to have a higher semen volume than that of the FN and CTL groups (P = 0.10). Blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the FNS group than in the FN and CTL groups (P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen and testosterone were not different among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). The current results indicated that showers with fans improved the welfare of Holstein Friesian bulls by lowering physiological measures in addition to increasing trends in semen volume during subtropical summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboob Ahmed Butt
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jalees Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamer Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ahmad I, Khalique A, Junaid M, Shahid MQ, Imran M, Rashid AA. Effect of polyphenol from apple peel extract on the survival of probiotics in yoghurt ice cream. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Dairy Technology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamar Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahid Rashid
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Lahore 54000 Pakistan
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Ahmad I, Khalique A, Shahid MQ, Ahid Rashid A, Faiz F, Ikram MA, Ahmed S, Imran M, Khan MA, Nadeem M, Afzal MI, Umer M, Kaleem I, Shahbaz M, Rasool B. Studying the Influence of Apple Peel Polyphenol Extract Fortification on the Characteristics of Probiotic Yoghurt. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9010077. [PMID: 31936135 PMCID: PMC7020425 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of apple peel polyphenol extract (APPE) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of probiotic yoghurt. Five concentrations of APPE were added in probiotic yoghurt as: (1) CTL, control without APPE; (2) AE1, addition of 1% APPE; (3) AE2, addition of 2% APPE; (4) AE3, addition of 3% APPE; (5) AE4, addition of 4% APPE; and (6) AE5, addition of 5% APPE. The prepared probiotic yoghurt was stored at 4 °C for 21 days and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological properties. The initial viable count of L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, B. lactis and L. acidophilus were similar in all yoghurt samples at day 1. The maximum viability loss of probiotics was observed in CTL (p < 0.05). The lowest viability loss of probiotics was observed in AE5 samples (p < 0.05). The acidity, water holding capacity and viscosity were increased with the addition of APPE. No significant effects were observed on milk fat and total solid contents of probiotic yoghurt with the addition of APPE. The total phenolic contents of probiotic yoghurt increased significantly as 0.59, 0.71, 0.97, 1.18, 1.35 in AE1, AE2, AE3, AE4 and AE5, samples respectively. It was observed that AE3 and AE4 samples had better taste, flavour and colour with good texture. The survival of probiotics and antioxidant activity of the yoghurts were enhanced with the addition of APPE. In conclusion, apple peels could be successfully used as prebiotic in yoghurt with increased viable counts of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaque Ahmad
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Qamar Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdul Ahid Rashid
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Furukh Faiz
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Asim Ikram
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (I.A.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari 61100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus 61100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Inam Afzal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (M.I.A.); (M.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (M.I.A.); (M.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (M.I.A.); (M.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (B.R.)
| | - Bilal Rasool
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (B.R.)
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Bughio E, Hussain J, Mahmud A, Khalique A. Effect of Production Systems and Dietary Interventions on Growth Performance, Morphometrics, Physiological Response and Behaviour of the Naked Neck Chickens. Braz J Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Bughio
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - J Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Khalique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Azam F, Qaisrani SN, Khalique A, Bibi F, Akram CA, Naveed S, Pasha TN. Exploring nutritive profile, metabolizable energy, protein, and digestible amino acids contents of indigenous protein sources of different locations for male broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4664-4672. [PMID: 31220863 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2 experiments were conducted to explore nutrient composition, AME, AMEn, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP, and amino acids (AA) of 4 indigenous protein sources including canola meal (CM), rapeseed meal (RSM), guar meal (GM), and sunflower meal (SFM) collected from 2 different locations, Multan (MUL; n = 3) and Sukkur (SKR; n = 3), of Pakistan. Higher (P < 0.05) dry matter (DM), CP, and gross energy (GE), whereas lower (P < 0.05) ash contents were found in SKR, CM, and RSM compared with those from MUL. The MUL GM had higher (P < 0.05) crude fiber (CF) and CP, whereas lower (P < 0.05) GE compared with those from SKR. The SFM from MUL had higher DM, whereas lower CF and CP contents than SKR. In the first experiment, 216 21-d-old male broilers (Ross 308) were distributed over 8 test diets (4 ingredients × 2 locations) and 1 basal diet, with 4 replicates containing 6 birds each (9 × 4 × 6), in a complete randomized design to determine AME and AMEn. The results indicated higher (P < 0.05) AME and AMEn in MUL CM than SKR. In the second experiment, 216 21-d-old male broilers (Ross 308) were raised in 36 cages (6 birds each) to determine SID of CP and AA in a complete randomized design. 8 test diets (4 ingredients × 2 locations) and a protein-free diet, with 4 replicates each, were tested. The SID of CP and some AA were higher (P < 0.05) in MUL CM and RSM than SKR. The SKR GM had a higher (P < 0.05) SID of CP, arginine, methionine, threonine, valine, and cysteine compared with that from MUL. The SFM from MUL had higher (P < 0.05) SID of CP, arginine, histidine, methionine, valine, alanine, aspartate, cysteine, and serine than SKR. In conclusion, major differences do exist between CM, GM, RSM, and SFM from different locations in terms of nutrients, AME, digestible CP, and AA contents for male broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Azam
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - S N Qaisrani
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - A Khalique
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - F Bibi
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - C A Akram
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - S Naveed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - T N Pasha
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Farooqui M, Khalique A, Rashid M, Mehmood S, Malik M. Aluminosilicates and yeast-based mycotoxin binders: Their ameliorated effects on growth, immunity and serum chemistry in broilers fed aflatoxin and ochratoxin. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v49i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Butt MA, Bhatti JA, Khalique A, Shahid MQ. Effect of fat supplementation on physiological and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during summer. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2595-2601. [PMID: 31230253 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of current study was to determine the effect of fat supplement on physiological and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian bulls during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Eighteen bulls were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) CTL, basal diet without fat supplementation; (2) FS100, basal diet with 100 g fat supplementation (Energizer-RP-10®, IFFCO, Johor, Malaysia); (3) FS200, basal diet with 200 g fat supplementation. Basal diet consisted of 50% green fodder (corn silage), 25% wheat straw, and 25% concentrate on dry matter basis. Diets were offered for 14 weeks from May to August 2016. The average daily temperature-humidity index ranged from 85 to 88 for the experimental period. The results indicated that there was no difference in dry matter intake, water intake, rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate among the treatment groups. Fat supplementation did not influence semen traits including sperm motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, live-to-dead ratio, normal acrosomal ridge, plasma membrane integrity, and DNA integrity. The interaction of season with fat revealed that FA200 significantly increased post thaw semen motility and progressive motility during hot humid summer (P < 0.05). Analysis of blood metabolites showed that blood urea nitrogen was higher in FS200 compared with CTL and FS100 groups (P < 0.05). There was no effect of fat supplementation on blood testosterone level. Glucose showed quadratic trend in response to fat supplementation. It could be concluded that addition of fat only improved motility and progressive motility of sperms during hot humid summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboob Ahmed Butt
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jalees Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamer Shahid
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Gulzar N, Rafiq S, Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A, Muqada Sleem I, Saleem T. Influence of milling pH and storage on quality characteristics, mineral and fatty acid profile of buffalo Mozzarella cheese. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:33. [PMID: 30696457 PMCID: PMC6352441 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, cheese fat is a major component of human diet due to change in eating habits. It contains a number of health destroying as well as health promoting fatty acids. Bovine milk cheese fatty acid composition is regulating by many factors. These may be breed of animal, animal health condition like mastitis and stage of lactation. It also differs with feed and dietary fat intake and seasons. Many studies demonstrated physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of Mozzarella cheese with variation in technological process but no literature found about the fatty acid profile and potential influence of milling pH on the fatty acid composition of buffalo Mozzarella cheese. METHODS Buffalo Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured at 5.2, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9 and 4.8 milling pH, vacuum packaged and stored at 4 °C and analyzed for quality characteristics, mineral composition and fatty acid profile on days 1, 45, and 90. Results were analyzed by ANOVA according to complete randomized design. RESULTS This study evaluated the effect of milling pH on chemical composition, mineral and fatty acid profile of buffalo Mozzarella cheese. Experimentally induced milling pH differences persisted and significantly affected chemical composition during first day of manufacturing but have no effect on fatty acid profile of cheese. However, storage effects significantly on chemical composition and fatty acid profile of cheese. Decreasing milling pH from 5.2-4.9 resulted in decrease in moisture content of cheese. As a result of changes in milling pH, all the cheeses experienced a significant loss in protein content. In contrast to protein content, fat content of cheese increases with decreasing milling pH. Ash contents of cheese decreased with decreasing milling pH. The level of calcium decreases from 77.82 mg/g to 69.1 mg/g with decreasing milling pH while there is no clear trend observed for potassium and sodium during change in milling pH. Saturated fatty acids presented higher concentrations reaching values of about 71.38 g/100 g throughout storage while monounsaturated fatty acids decreases with storage from 26.72 to 22.06 g/100 g. On the other hand, total polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited lower concentrations than total monounsaturated fatty acids reaching values of 3.2 g/100 g and its value also decreased with ripening and reached to 1.6 g/100 g. Concentration of C18:1 t10-11 was observed 1.89% in freshly prepared cheese. Milling pH did not influence C18:1 t10-11 concentration but storage days significantly (p < 0.05) decreased its concentration. CONCLUSION In modern era, Mozzarella cheese is major source of dietary fatty acids. The study demonstrated that Mozzarella cheese is a rich source of saturated fatty acids that has detrimental effect on health but it is also observed that it is also a major source of essential fatty acids that has beneficial impact on health. It is concluded that technological conditions like milling pH minimally influence cheese fatty acid profile but after manufacturing treatments and conditions like packaging and storage greatly influence fatty acid profile of cheese. It was concluded that cheese may get oxidized if it is packed in inappropriate packaging material that have reduced air barrier resistance. Moreover, cheese storage under light may also become oxidized which is also harmful for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Gulzar
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rafiq
- Department of Food Technology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Muqada Sleem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Saleem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan
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Khan U, Hussain J, Mahmud A, Khalique A, Mehmood S, Badar IH, Usman M, Jaspal MH, Ahmad S. Comparative Study on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Taste in Broiler, Broiler Breeder and Aseel Chickens. Braz J Poult Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - J Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Khalique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - IH Badar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - MH Jaspal
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Ahmad S, Khalique A, Pasha TN, Mehmood S, Ahmad SS, Khan AM, Hussain K. Influence of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal Used as Phytogenic Feed Additive on the Serum Metabolites and Egg Bioactive Compounds in Commercial Layers. Braz J Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmad
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan
| | - A Khalique
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - TN Pasha
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Mehmood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - AM Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Ahmad S, Khalique A, Pasha TN, Mehmood S, Hussain K, Ahmad S, Shaheen MS, Naeem M, Shafiq M. Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pods as feed additive on egg antioxidants, chemical composition and performance of commercial layers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v47i6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ahmad H, Khalique A, Naveed S, Zia MW, Rasool Z, Zahid U, Moeed A. Efficacy of a Synthetic Antioxidant Treatment in Stabilizing Poultry Byproduct Meal and Subsequent Impact of the Treated Meal on Selected Growth Parameters of Broilers. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmad
- University ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Khalique
- University ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Naveed
- University ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - MW Zia
- University ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | | | - A Moeed
- Technical University Munich, Germany
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Mahmood S, Khan N, Iqbal KJ, Ashraf M, Khalique A. Evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) supplemented diets on the growth, digestibility and histology of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1256291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Javed Iqbal
- Department of Life Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zia MW, Khalique A, Naveed S, Hussain J. Impact of selenium supplementation on productive performance and egg selenium status in native Aseel chicken. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1222247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A. Promising features of mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel oil: a review. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2185-95. [PMID: 27407184 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mango kernel contains about 15 % good quality edible oil, that is comparable to soybean and cottonseed, which contain about 18-20 % oil. Mango kernel oil (MKO) has lower free fatty acids, carotenoid content and peroxide value, and is usually used without any processing, which is otherwise mandatory for commercial vegetable oils. Palmitic, stearic and oleic acids are the major fatty acids, triglyceride composition and fatty acid profile suggest wide range of trans free options. With 32-36 °C melting point, MKO is solid at room temperature, thus, does not require partial hydrogenation for application in foods. MKO can be used as an alternative of cocoa butter, which is used in chocolates and confectionaries. Total phenolic contents and induction period of MKO is greater than many commercial vegetable oils; thus, it can be used as an alternative of synthetic antioxidants for the preservation of fats and oils. Mangiferin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid are the major phenolic compounds present in MKO. Functional properties of MKO can be further improved through fractionation, transesterification and interesterification for increased industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics Institute of Home and Food Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
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Ullah R, Nadeem M, Khalique A, Imran M, Mehmood S, Javid A, Hussain J. Nutritional and therapeutic perspectives of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.): a review. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1750-8. [PMID: 27413203 PMCID: PMC4926888 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ancient grain is becoming enormously popular in modern food regimen in many countries; the higher proportion of α-linolenic acid makes chia the superb source of omega-3 fatty (about 65 % of the oil content). Omega-3 fatty acid has been associated with a large number of physiological functions in human body. Chia seed is a potential source of antioxidants with the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol which are believed to have cardiac, hepatic protective effects, anti-ageing and anti-carcinogenic characteristics. It is also a great source of dietary fibre which is beneficial for the digestive system and controlling diabetes mellitus with higher concentration of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, gluten free protein, vitamin, minerals and phenolic compounds. Therapeutic effects of chia in the control of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-blood clotting, laxative, antidepressant, antianxiety, analgesic, vision and immune improver is scientifically established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Ullah
- />Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M. Nadeem
- />Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. Khalique
- />Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M. Imran
- />Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics Institute of Home and Food Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Govt, College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Mehmood
- />Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. Javid
- />Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J. Hussain
- />Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Haq IUI, Pasha TN, Khalique A. Comparative efficacy of herbal and allopathy drugs against coccidiosis in poultry. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Haider MS, Ashraf M, Azmat H, Khalique A, Javid A, Atique U, Zia M, Iqbal KJ, Akram S. Nutritive evaluation of fish acid silage inLabeo rohitafingerlings feed. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1021811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Nadeem M, Mahud A, Imran M, Khalique A. Enhancement of the Oxidative Stability of Whey Butter through Almond (P
runus dulcis
) Peel Extract. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore; Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahud
- Department of Animal Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore; Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnolgy; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore; Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore; Lahore 54000 Pakistan
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31
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Nadeem M, Situ C, Mahmud A, Khalique A, Imran M, Rahman F, Khan S. Antioxidant Activity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cake Extract for the Stabilization of Olein Based Butter. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Jabbar M, Muzafar H, Khattak F, Pasha T, Khalique A. Simplification of urea treatment method of wheat straw for its better adoption by the farmers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Tariq SR, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Shah MH. Distribution, correlation, and source apportionment of selected metals in tannery effluents, related soils, and groundwater--a case study from Multan, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 166:303-312. [PMID: 19484368 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the distribution, correlation, and apportionment of selected metals, the tannery effluent, related soil, and groundwater samples were collected from Multan, Pakistan, and analyzed on flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Among the selected metals, Na, Ca, K, Cr, and Mg revealed dominant concentrations with average values of 5,499, 945, 565, 209, and 107 mg/L and 2,634, 330, 484, 14.1, and 60.5 mg/L in the effluents and groundwater, respectively, whereas the mean metal levels in soil samples were 10,026, 6,726, 9,242, 476, and 9,857 mg/kg. Overall, the mean metal concentrations in the tannery effluents, groundwater, and related soils reveal following order, respectively: Na > Ca > K > Cr > Mg > Ni > Fe > Zn > Co > Pb > Mn > Cd; Na > K > Ca > Mg > Cr > Zn > Ni > Pb > Fe > Co > Mn > Cd; Na > Mg > K > Ca > Cr > Co > Ni > Fe > Pb > Mn > Zn > Cd. Generally, the metal distribution in tannery effluents, soils, and groundwater was found to be random as evidenced by large differences between mean and median values as well as considerably higher standard deviation and skewness values. The selected metal data were also subjected to correlation study to investigate the covariation of metal levels in the three media. The source apportionment of the metal data in the effluents, soils, and groundwater was carried out using principal component analysis in addition to basic statistical and correlation analyses. The source apportionment studies evidenced the gross contamination of groundwater and soils in the vicinity of tanning industrial units in Multan. The current mean metal levels in the soil and groundwater were found to be considerably higher compared with the background concentration levels and WHO guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Tariq SR, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Jaffar M, Khalique A. Statistical source identification of metals in groundwater exposed to industrial contamination. Environ Monit Assess 2008; 138:159-65. [PMID: 17492482 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Levels of selected metals Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Mn were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in groundwater samples from Kasur, a significant industrial city of Pakistan. Salient mean concentration levels were recorded for: Na (211 mg/l), Ca (187 mg/l), Mg (122 mg/l), K (87.7 mg/l), Fe (2.57 mg/l) and Cr (2.12 mg/l). Overall, the decreasing metal concentration order was: Na>Ca>Mg>K>Fe>Cr>Zn>Co>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cd. Significantly positive correlations were found between Na-Cr (r=0.553), Na-Mn (r=0.543), Mg-Fe (r=0.519), Mg-Cr (r=0.535), Pb-K (r=0.506) and Pb-Ni (r=0.611). Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis identified tannery effluents as the main source of metal contamination of the groundwater. The present metal data showed that Cr, Pb and Fe levels were several times higher than those recommended for water quality by WHO, US-EPA, EU and Japan. The elevated levels of Cr, recorded as 21-42 fold higher compared with the recommended quality values, were believed to originate from the tanning industry of Kasur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Manzoor S, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Jaffar M. Multivariate analysis of trace metals in textile effluents in relation to soil and groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2006; 137:31-7. [PMID: 16600476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the multivariate analysis of metal data in effluents, soil and groundwater to find the distribution and source identification of the selected metals in the three media. Samples were collected from three textile industries located in Hattar Industrial Estate, Pakistan. Metals were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed elevated levels of Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, Fe, Ca, Na, K and Zn in these media, following the order: soil>effluent>water. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the data showed that the textile effluents are contaminating the soil wherein Cr and Pb were dominant toxic metals having concentrations of 5.96 mg/kg and 4.46 mg/kg, respectively. Other toxic metals such as Co, Cd, Zn, Ni, Mn and Fe, were found to have common origin in the textile effluents. The correlation study along with linear regression and PCA, supported the fact that various elevated metal concentrations emerged from the textile industrial effluents ultimately leading to contamination of the soil and groundwater in their proximity. The estimated metal levels in the water/soil system are compared with the safe limits laid down by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manzoor
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Tariq SR, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Manzoor S, Jaffar M. Multivariate analysis of trace metal levels in tannery effluents in relation to soil and water: a case study from Peshawar, Pakistan. J Environ Manage 2006; 79:20-9. [PMID: 16154685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 03/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tannery effluents and relevant ground water and soil samples collected from various tanning industries of Peshawar were analyzed for Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn by the AAS method. The metal concentration data for the three media are reported in terms of basic statistical parameters, metal-to-metal correlations and linear regression analyses. Metal distributions in the three media were quite divergent and showed non-normal distributions with high standard deviation and skewness parameters. Sodium exhibited the highest mean levels of 1,277mg/L, 881mg/L and 12,912mg/kg in the effluent, ground water and soil samples, respectively. Among other metals, Cr concentrations were 410mg/L, 0.145mg/L, 100mg/kg and Ca, 278mg/L, 64.8mg/L, and 2,285mg/kg in the effluent, ground water and soil samples, respectively. Some significant correlations were observed between effluent and soils in terms of Na, Cr, Ni, Co and Pb. The ground water-soil interrelationship suggested that Na levels in the soil and ground water were significantly correlated with each other (r=0.486, P<0.01). Similarly, Cr in the soil is strongly correlated with Ca in ground water (r=0.486, P<0.01). These results were duly supported by the linear regression analysis of data. The source identification studies conducted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) evidenced that ground water and soil were being contaminated by the toxic metals emanating from the tannery effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Alrabti AAA, Jaffar M. Comparative metal distribution in hair of Pakistani and Libyan population and source identification by multivariate analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2006; 114:505-19. [PMID: 16570221 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-4936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion based FAAS method ten selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the scalp hair of male Pakistani and Libyan donors (n = 62), between 3-54 years age and residing in typical urban areas. The study was taken up to identify sources of metal distribution in two diverse population segments exposed to different environments. Sodium emerged with the highest mean hair concentration of 511.0 microg/g and 496.9 mug/g for Libyan and Pakistani donors respectively, followed by K, at 266.2 microg/g and 242.4 microg/g for the two donor categories. Cadmium showed the lowest mean hair concentration for both Pakistani (0.380 microg/g) and Libyan (0.530 microg/g) donors. Levels of Na, K, Pb, Cr and Cd were higher in hair of Libyan donors compared with Pakistani counterparts which showed higher comparative levels of Zn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn. Strong metal-to-metal correlations were found between Na-K (r = 0.638) and Cd-Co (r = 0.574) for Pakistani donors, while for Libyan donors, Na-K (r = 0.680) and Fe-Mn (r = 0.624) correlations emerged as strongly significant. Only K was found to have a strong positive correlation (r = 0.611) with age for Pakistani donors while this correlation was significantly negative (r = -0.500) for Libyan donors, probably arising from individual food habits. Other metals showed no viable relationship with age. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) of the data evidenced food, industrial emissions and automobile emissions as possible sources of metal distribution. The results of the present study are compared with those reported for subjects from other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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38
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Shah MH, Shaheen N, Jaffar M, Khalique A, Tariq SR, Manzoor S. Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. J Environ Manage 2006; 78:128-37. [PMID: 16120474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variations in total suspended particulate matter (TSP) were investigated for distribution of metals and particle size fractions in the urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. The metals Na, K, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni and Co, and the particle fractions <2.5, 2.5-10, 10-100 and >100 microm were included in the study. TSP samples were trapped on glass fibre filters using high volume samplers and quantification of metals was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry employing HNO(3) based wet digestion. At the urban site, Na was dominant at 2.384 microg/m(3) followed by K, Fe and Zn with 0.778, 0.667 and 0.567 microg/m(3) as mean concentrations, respectively. The metal levels for the rural site ranged from 0.002 microg/m(3) for Cd to 1.077 microg/m(3) for Na. However, compared with the urban site, mean Pb concentration showed an almost two-fold enhancement, i.e., 0.163 Vs. 0.327 microg/m(3). Metals and particle size source identification was done using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Five sources were traced out for the urban site: industrial, soil, automobile emissions, metallurgical industries and excavation activities. For the rural site, four sources were recorded: agricultural, automotive emissions, excavation activities and metallurgical units. Collectively, for both the sites, PM(10-100) emerged as a major contributor to TSP, followed by PM(2.5-10), PM(<2.5) and PM(>100) in that order. The metals showed in general positive relationship with fine particulate fractions (PM(2.5-10), PM(<2.5)), and negative correlation with coarse fractions (PM(10-100), PM(>100)). Comparison with the corresponding data from various Asian sites revealed that the levels of Na, K, Fe, Mn, Co and Ni for the present study were lower than those reported for grossly polluted cities of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Khalique A, Shah MH, Jaffar M, Shaheen N, Tariq SR, Manzoor S. Multivariate analysis of the selected metals in the hair of cerebral palsy patients versus controls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2006; 111:11-22. [PMID: 16943593 DOI: 10.1385/bter:111:1:11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen metals were measured in scalp hair samples from cerebral palsy patients (CPPs) and controls. Samples were collected from 95 CPPs and 93 controls. The nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion procedure was used for quantification of the selected metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of Ag, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, and Mg were significantly higher and those of Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Sb were lower in the hair of CPPs compared with controls. Astrong positive correlation was found between Ca and Mg in the hair of controls but not in that of CPPs. Antimony was found significantly negative in terms of its correlation with Co and Cu in CPPs group but not in the controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data extracted seven factors for CPPs and six factors for controls. Cluster analysis (CA) was also used to support the PCA results. The study evidenced some specific source of Mg and Sb in the hair of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalique
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Khalique A, Lone KP, Khan AD, Pasha TN. Treatments Effect on Biological Values of Defatted Rice Polishings. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Shaheen N, Shah MH, Khalique A, Jaffar M. Metal levels in airborne particulate matter in urban Islamabad, Pakistan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:739-46. [PMID: 16400555 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Tariq SR, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Khalique A, Manzoor S, Jaffar M. Multivariate analysis of selected metals in tannery effluents and related soil. J Hazard Mater 2005; 122:17-22. [PMID: 15943925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Effluent and relevant soil samples from 38 tanning units housed in Kasur, Pakistan, were obtained for metal analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The levels of 12 metals, Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in the two media. The data were evaluated towards metal distribution and metal-to-metal correlations. The study evidenced enhanced levels of Cr (391, 16.7 mg/L) and Na (25,519, 9369 mg/L) in tannery effluents and relevant soil samples, respectively. The effluent versus soil trace metal content relationship confirmed that the effluent Cr was strongly correlated with soil Cr. For metal source identification the techniques of principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were applied. The principal component analysis yielded two factors for effluents: factor 1 (49.6% variance) showed significant loading for Ca, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, referring to a tanning related source for these metals, and factor 2 (12.6% variance) with higher loadings of Na, K, Mg and Co, was associated with the processes during the skin/hide treatment. Similarly, two factors with a cumulative variance of 34.8% were obtained for soil samples: factor 1 manifested the contribution from Mg, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni and Pb, which though soil-based is basically effluent-derived, while factor 2 was found associated with Na, K, Ca, Cr and Zn which referred to a tannery-based source. The dendograms obtained from cluster analysis, also support the observed results. The study exhibits a gross pollution of soils with Cr at levels far exceeding the stipulated safe limit laid down for tannery effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khalique A, Ahmad S, Anjum T, Jaffar M, Shah MH, Shaheen N, Tariq SR, Manzoor S. A comparative study based on gender and age dependence of selected metals in scalp hair. Environ Monit Assess 2005; 104:45-57. [PMID: 15931977 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-8813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Levels of 10 metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr and Ni) in the scalp hair of male and female donors, with age groups between 3 and 100 years, were determined by ICP-AES. In total, 58 male and 30 female hair samples were analyzed in triplicate. The donors belonged to the rural area of district Chakwal, a well-known typical non-urban site in Pakistan. Calcium showed the highest concentration of 462 microg/g in the hair of males and 870 microg/g in those of females followed by Zn, at 208 and 251 microg/g for the two sexes. For male donors, Cd showed the lowest concentration (1.15 microg/g) while for female donors Co remained at minimum level (0.92 microg/g). The order of decreasing metal concentration in the hair of male donors was: Ca > Zn > Mg > Fe > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd while that for female donors it was: Ca > Zn > Mg > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. The female group exhibited enhanced levels of all selected metals except Fe and Co in their hair as compared with the male counterparts. A strong bivariate positive correlation was found between Fe and Zn (r = 0.841) for the hair samples from male category while for the female category, strong positive correlations were observed between Ca-Mg (r = 0.617), Ca-Zn (r = 0.569), Ca-Mn (r = 0.565), Mg-Mn (r = 0.655), Cr-Cu (r = 0.655) and Cr-Ni (r = 0.685). The distribution of metals in the hair of donors with respect to different age groups was also investigated for both genders. The study showed that in case of males, the concentration of all selected metals decreased with increasing age except for Cu, Co and Cr. However, for females the hair metal levels increased with age, except for Co for which the concentration decreased with age. No appreciable change in the metal concentration was observed as a function of age for the combined sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalique
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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44
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Khalique A, Lone KP, Pasha TN, Khan AD. Amino acid digestibility of chemically treated and extruder cooked defatted rice polishing. Malays J Nutr 2004; 10:195-206. [PMID: 22691740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice polishing is a by-product of rice milling. It is a good source of energy and an assortment of amino acids. The anti-nutritive factors associated with rice polishing reduce the availability of amino acids and other nutrients to poultry. Defatted rice polishing (DRP) was chemically treated with 0.4N HCl and 6% H2O2 solutions by soaking in ratio of 1:1.5. After the chemical treatments, one portion of each was further cooked with an extruder cooker maintained at 130oC for 10 seconds. The amino acid digestibility trial of untreated and treated DRP was done using precision fed cockerel assay. Thirty White Leghorn cockerels of 24 weeks of age, having uniform weight, were selected for the experiment and divided into five groups of six cockerels each. Three birds in each group were force-fed treated DRPs @ 25g per bird through crop intubation with the help of a funnel and plunger passed via the oesophagus. The other three were kept without feed throughout the experimental period to measure the endogenous amino acids excreted in the faeces. The excreta voided during 24 hours following force-feeding was collected at 12-hour intervals. The excreta of different groups were weighed, oven-dried and used for amino acid analysis. The results indicated that chemical or chemical plus extrusion cooking decreased the total amino acids present in DRP. The content of several amino acids were reduced as a result of chemical treatment. Further reduction of the amino acid content was observed when the chemically treated DRP were subjected to extrusion cooking. However, the acid (0.4N HCl), acid plus extrusion cooking and 6% H2O2 treatments improved the amino acid digestibility. On the other hand, treating DRP with 6% H2O2 plus extrusion cooking reduced the amino acids digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
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Khalique A, Lone KP, Pasha TN, Khan AD. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of Variously Treated Defatted Rice Polishing for Broiler Feeding. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kulkarni PV, Jaiswal SS, Rathod SB, Khalique A, Kulkarni RR. Profile of malignancies at Medical College, Ambajogai--(15 years retrospective study). Indian J Cancer 1996; 33:31-6. [PMID: 9063016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Present study comprises of a preliminary analysis of malignant lesions, diagnosed and confirmed by histopathological examination, carried out in Department of Pathology, S. R. T. R. Medical College, Ambajogai, from August 1976 to July 1991. 30,168 specimens were received for histopathological examination out of which 2,663 cases were diagnosed as malignant lesions (8.82%). 163 cases of leukemias were diagnosed by peripheral smear and bone marrow examination. Our of 2826 patients with malignant lesions 1,566 (55.41%) were males and 1,260 (44.59%) were females with M:F ratio as 1.24:1. Analysis of all malignant lesions showed more predilection towards genital organs (26.22%), gastrointestinal tract (13.72%) and breast (10.47%). Penis (11.36%), gastrointestinal tract (16.73%), oral cavity and tongue with pharynx (20.81%) and skin (11.11%) were leading sites in males where as cervix (30.63%) breast (22.46%), gastrointestinal tract (10.00%), skin (6.82%) and lymphoma, leukaemias (7.30%) were common sites for malignancies in females. The higher incidence of genital and skin tumours is discussed in the paper. Available data is compared with data from Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital Bombay and Cancer Hospital at Barshi in Solapur District of Maharashtra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Kulkarni
- Swami Ramanand Terth Rural Medical College, Maharashtra, India
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Somani SM, Gupta SK, Khalique A, Unni LK. Physiological pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of physostigmine in the rat. Drug Metab Dispos 1991; 19:655-60. [PMID: 1680633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A physiological model for physostigmine disposition was developed in the rat which incorporated anatomical, physiological, and biochemical parameters, i.e. tissue volume, plasma flow rates, drug metabolism, and tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients. Predicted concentrations of physostigmine in different tissue compartments were consistent with the experimental observations in the rat following an iv dose. Part of this study also compared the time course changes in measured effect, as percentage change in cholinesterase activity in brain, and related these changes to the plasma or brain drug level in either a combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (plasma physostigmine-effect relationship) or a dynamic model (brain physostigmine-effect relationship). Fitting the time course of the effect in a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model required an effect compartment with the equilibration rate constant between it and the plasma compartment. Both models help to understand whether the cholinesterase activity is homogeneous or heterogenous in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Somani
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230
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Somani SM, Khalique A. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of physostigmine in the rat after intravenous administration. Drug Metab Dispos 1987; 15:627-33. [PMID: 2891478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The time course of physostigmine (Phy) and metabolites in plasma, brain, and muscle, the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in plasma, and cholinesterase (ChE) activity in brain and muscle were studied in rat after iv bolus administration of 3H-Phy (100 micrograms/kg). The semilogarithmic plot of plasma Phy concentration versus time indicates a biphasic decline. These data were analyzed by nonlinear computer fitting program (PC-NONLIN) using a two-compartment open model with bolus input and first order elimination. The pharmacokinetic constants A, B, alpha, beta, AUC, K10 half-life, alpha-half-life, beta-half-life, K10, K12, and K21 were obtained. The alpha-half-life and the beta-half-life were 1.31 and 15.01 min, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was found to be 270 ml. The clearance was 12.43 ml min-1. The half-life of Phy in brain was 11 min. The brain to plasma ratio (1.69) peaked at 15 min. Phy is metabolized to eseroline and three other metabolites, M1, M2, and M3. The distribution studies showed that the radioactivity per g of tissue was highest in kidney and liver, whereas the percentage of the administered dose in terms of radioactivity was maximum in muscle followed by liver. The maximum inhibition of BuChE (52%) correlates with the highest Phy concentration (84.6 ng/ml) in plasma at 2 min and 70% of the enzymic activity recovered by 45 min. The maximum inhibition of ChE (63%) in the brain correlates with the highest Phy concentration (128 ng/g) at 3 min, and 85% of the enzymic activity was recovered within an hour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Somani
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62708
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Monkhouse WS, Khalique A. The adrenal and renal veins of man and their connections with azygos and lumbar veins. J Anat 1986; 146:105-15. [PMID: 3693053 PMCID: PMC1166527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There exist many variations in the manner of formation, dimensions and place of termination of the central adrenal veins. In addition, some superficial adrenal veins may be substantial in size and may themselves drain directly into the renal veins and/or into other vessels which communicate with azygos and lumbar veins. This provides a route for venous adrenal blood to the heart via the azygos system and the superior vena cava rather than via the inferior vena cava. Variations in the formation and disposition of the renal veins are also described and the patterns of communication between somatic veins (including veins of the azygos and lumbar systems) and the left renal vein are illustrated and discussed in relation to the findings of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Monkhouse
- Department of Human Morphology, University of Nottingham Medical School
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