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Horneck Johnston CJ, Ledwith AE, Lundahl ML, Charles-Messance H, Hackett EE, O’Shaughnessy SD, Clegg J, Prendeville H, McGrath JP, Walsh AM, Case S, Austen Byrne H, Gautam P, Dempsey E, Corr SC, Sheedy FJ. Recognition of yeast β-glucan particles triggers immunometabolic signaling required for trained immunity. iScience 2024; 27:109030. [PMID: 38361630 PMCID: PMC10865028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal β-glucans are major drivers of trained immunity which increases long-term protection against secondary infections. Heterogeneity in β-glucan source, structure, and solubility alters interaction with the phagocytic receptor Dectin-1 and could impact strategies to improve trained immunity in humans. Using a panel of diverse β-glucans, we describe the ability of a specific yeast-derived whole-glucan particle (WGP) to reprogram metabolism and thereby drive trained immunity in human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and mice bone marrow in vivo. Presentation of pure, non-soluble, non-aggregated WGPs led to the formation of the Dectin-1 phagocytic synapse with subsequent lysosomal mTOR activation, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic rewiring. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of WGP drove bone marrow myelopoiesis and improved mature macrophage responses, pointing to therapeutic and food-based strategies to drive trained immunity. Thus, the investment of a cell in a trained response relies on specific recognition of β-glucans presented on intact microbial particles through stimulation of the Dectin-1 phagocytic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E. Ledwith
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Emer E. Hackett
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Jonah Clegg
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - John P. McGrath
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aaron M. Walsh
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Case
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Parth Gautam
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine Dempsey
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinead C. Corr
- School of Genetics & Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Case S, O'Brien T, Ledwith AE, Chen S, Horneck Johnston CJH, Hackett EE, O'Sullivan M, Charles-Messance H, Dempsey E, Yadav S, Wilson J, Corr SC, Nagar S, Sheedy FJ. β-glucans from Agaricus bisporus mushroom products drive Trained Immunity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346706. [PMID: 38425482 PMCID: PMC10902450 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrofungi, such as edible mushrooms, have been used as a valuable medical resource for millennia as a result of their antibacterial and immuno-modulatory components. Mushrooms contain dietary fibers known as β-glucans, a class of polysaccharides previously linked to the induction of Trained Immunity. However, little is known about the ability of mushroom-derived β-glucans to induce Trained Immunity. Methods & results Using various powdered forms of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), we found that mouse macrophages pre-treated with whole mushroom powder (WMP) displayed enhanced responses to restimulation with TLR ligands, being particularly sensitive to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 stimulation using synthetic lipopeptides. This trained response was modest compared to training observed with yeast-derived β-glucans and correlated with the amount of available β-glucans in the WMP. Enriching for β-glucans content using either a simulated in-vitro digestion or chemical fractionation retained and boosted the trained response with WMP, respectively. Importantly, both WMP and digested-WMP preparations retained β-glucans as identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and both displayed the capacity to train human monocytes and enhanced responses to restimulation. To determine if dietary incorporation of mushroom products can lead to Trained Immunity in myeloid cells in vivo, mice were given a regimen of WMP by oral gavage prior to sacrifice. Flow cytometric analysis of bone-marrow progenitors indicated alterations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells population dynamics, with shift toward myeloid-committed multi-potent progenitor cells. Mature bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from these mice displayed enhanced responses to restimulation, again particularly sensitive to TLR2. Discussion Taken together, these data demonstrate that β-glucans from common macrofungi can train innate immune cells and could point to novel ways of delivering bio-available β-glucans for education of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Case
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara O'Brien
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna E. Ledwith
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shilong Chen
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Emer E. Hackett
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Elaine Dempsey
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shipra Nagar
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frederick J. Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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