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Palmiotti A, de Vries HD, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Mulder NL, Verkade E, Veentjer MK, van Dijk TH, Bloks VW, Havinga R, Verkade HJ, de Boer JF, Kuipers F. Bile Acid Sequestration via Colesevelam Reduces Bile Acid Hydrophobicity and Improves Liver Pathology in Cyp2c70-/- Mice with a Human-like Bile Acid Composition. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2495. [PMID: 37760936 PMCID: PMC10526181 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) and their signaling pathways have been identified as therapeutic targets for liver and metabolic diseases. We generated Cyp2c70-/- (KO) mice that were not able to convert chenodeoxycholic acid into rodent-specific muricholic acids (MCAs) and, hence, possessed a more hydrophobic, human-like BA pool. Recently, we have shown that KO mice display cholangiopathic features with the development of liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether BA sequestration modulates liver pathology in Western type-diet (WTD)-fed KO mice. The BA sequestrant colesevelam was mixed into the WTD (2% w/w) of male Cyp2c70+/+ (WT) and KO mice and the effects were evaluated after 3 weeks of treatment. Colesevelam increased fecal BA excretion in WT and KO mice and reduced the hydrophobicity of biliary BAs in KO mice. Colesevelam ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis in WT mice, whereas KO mice were resistant to diet-induced steatosis and BA sequestration had no additional effects on liver fat content. Total cholesterol concentrations in livers of colesevelam-treated WT and KO mice were significantly lower than those of untreated controls. Of particular note, colesevelam treatment normalized plasma levels of liver damage markers in KO mice and markedly decreased hepatic mRNA levels of fibrogenesis-related genes in KO mice. Lastly, colesevelam did not affect glucose excursions and insulin sensitivity in WT or KO mice. Our data show that BA sequestration ameliorates liver pathology in Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like bile acid composition without affecting insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Hilde D. de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Milaine V. Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Esther Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Melany K. Veentjer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Li R, Palmiotti A, de Vries HD, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Mulder NL, Zhang Y, Kats K, Bloks VW, Fu J, Verkade HJ, de Boer JF, Kuipers F. Low production of 12α-hydroxylated bile acids prevents hepatic steatosis in Cyp2c70 -/- mice by reducing fat absorption. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100134. [PMID: 34626589 PMCID: PMC8596750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play important roles in lipid homeostasis and BA signaling pathways serve as therapeutic targets for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, we generated Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like BA composition lacking mouse/rat-specific muricholic acids (MCAs) to accelerate translation from mice to humans. We employed this model to assess the consequences of a human-like BA pool on diet-induced obesity and NAFLD development. Male and female Cyp2c70-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were challenged with a 12-week Western-type high-fat diet (WTD) supplemented with 0.25% cholesterol. Cyp2c70-deficiency induced a hydrophobic BA pool with high abundances of chenodeoxycholic acid, particularly in females, due to sex-dependent suppression of sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1). Plasma transaminases were elevated and hepatic fibrosis was present in Cyp2c70-/- mice, especially in females. Surprisingly, female Cyp2c70-/- mice were resistant to WTD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis while male Cyp2c70-/- mice showed similar adiposity and moderately reduced steatosis compared to WT controls. Both intestinal cholesterol and fatty acid absorption were reduced in Cyp2c70-/- mice, the latter more strongly in females, despite unaffected biliary BA secretion rates. Intriguingly, the biliary ratio 12α-/non-12α-hydroxylated BAs significantly correlated with fatty acid absorption and hepatic triglyceride content as well as with specific changes in gut microbiome composition. The hydrophobic human-like BA pool in Cyp2c70-/- mice prevents WTD-induced obesity in female mice and NAFLD development in both genders, primarily due to impaired intestinal fat absorption. Our data point to a key role for 12α-hydroxylated BAs in control of intestinal fat absorption and modulation of gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde D de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milaine V Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Kats
- Department of Biomedical Science of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bile acids and their signalling pathways are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic targets for several diseases. This review summarizes new insights in bile acid physiology, focussing on regulatory roles of bile acids in intestinal functions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have highlighted the interactions between bile acids and gut microbiome: interfering with microbiome composition may be beneficial in treatment of liver and metabolic diseases by modulating bile acid composition, as different bile acid species have different signalling functions. In the intestine, bile acid receptors FXR, VDR and TGR5 are involved in control of barrier function, paracellular ion transport and hormone release. Specific microbial bile acid metabolites modulate immune responses of the host. In addition, new functions of bile acids in regulation of gastric emptying and satiation via brain-gut-liver axis have been discovered. Identification of Cyp2c70 as the enzyme responsible for generation of hydrophilic mouse/rat-specific muricholic acids has allowed the generation of murine models with a human-like bile acid composition. SUMMARY Specific bile acids act as important signalling molecules affecting whole body metabolism, specific transport processes and immunity in different segments of the intestinal tract. Their relevance for human (patho)physiology is emerging. Novel mouse models with human-like bile acid composition will aid to accelerate translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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de Boer JF, de Vries HD, Palmiotti A, Li R, Doestzada M, Hoogerland JA, Fu J, La Rose AM, Westerterp M, Mulder NL, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Wolters JC, Bloks VW, Haas JT, Dombrowicz D, Staels B, van de Sluis B, Kuipers F. Cholangiopathy and Biliary Fibrosis in Cyp2c70-Deficient Mice Are Fully Reversed by Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1045-1069. [PMID: 33309945 PMCID: PMC7898074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids (BAs) aid intestinal fat absorption and exert systemic actions by receptor-mediated signaling. BA receptors have been identified as drug targets for liver diseases. Yet, differences in BA metabolism between humans and mice hamper translation of pre-clinical outcomes. Cyp2c70-ablation in mice prevents synthesis of mouse/rat-specific muricholic acids (MCAs), but potential (patho)physiological consequences of their absence are unknown. We therefore assessed age- and gender-dependent effects of Cyp2c70-deficiency in mice. METHODS The consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency were assessed in male and female mice at different ages. RESULTS Cyp2c70-/- mice were devoid of MCAs and showed high abundances of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids. Cyp2c70-deficiency profoundly impacted microbiome composition. Bile flow and biliary BA secretion were normal in Cyp2c70-/- mice of both sexes. Yet, the pathophysiological consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency differed considerably between sexes. Three-week old male Cyp2c70-/- mice showed high plasma BAs and transaminases, which spontaneously decreased thereafter to near-normal levels. Only mild ductular reactions were observed in male Cyp2c70-/- mice up to 8 months of age. In female Cyp2c70-/- mice, plasma BAs and transaminases remained substantially elevated with age, gut barrier function was impaired and bridging fibrosis was observed at advanced age. Addition of 0.1% ursodeoxycholic acid to the diet fully normalized hepatic and intestinal functions in female Cyp2c70-/- mice. CONCLUSION Cyp2c70-/- mice show transient neonatal cholestasis and develop cholangiopathic features that progress to bridging fibrosis in females only. These consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency are restored by treatment with UDCA, indicating a role of BA hydrophobicity in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde D de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marwah Doestzada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk M La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milaine V Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; iPSC/CRISPR Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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De Boer J, de Vries H, Palmiotti A, Li R, Mulder N, Hovingh M, Koehorst M, Kloosterhuis N, Bloks V, van de Sluis B, Kuipers F. A Human-Like Composition Of The Circulating Bile Acid Pool Impacts On Plasma Ldl Cholesterol In Mice. Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Niemkiewicz J, Palmiotti A, Miner M, Stunja L, Bergene J. SU-E-J-218: Evaluation of CT Images Created Using a New Metal Artifact Reduction Reconstruction Algorithm for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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