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Harari A, Sarivalasis A, de Jonge K, Thierry AC, Huber F, Boudousquie C, Rossier L, Orcurto A, Imbimbo M, Baumgaertner P, Bassani-Sternberg M, Kandalaft LE. A Personalized Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Induces a T-Cell Response Coinciding with a Complete Response in Endometrial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5801. [PMID: 34830955 PMCID: PMC8616532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in European and North American women. Amongst EC, the advanced serous, p53-mutated, and pMMR subtypes have the highest risk of relapse despite optimal standard of care therapy. At present, there is no standard of care maintenance treatment to prevent relapse among these high-risk patients. Vaccines are a form of immunotherapy that can potentially increase the immunogenicity of pMMR, serous, and p53-mutated tumors to render them responsive to check point inhibitor-based immunotherapy. We demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of generating a personalized dendritic cell vaccine pulsed with peptide neoantigens in a patient with pMMR, p53-mutated, and serous endometrial adenocarcinoma (SEC). The personalized vaccine was administered in combination with systemic chemotherapy to treat an inoperable metastatic recurrence. This treatment association demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of the personalized dendritic cell vaccine. Interestingly, a complete oncological response was obtained with respect to both radiological assessment and the tumor marker CA-125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Harari
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Apostolos Sarivalasis
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.S.); (A.O.); (M.I.)
| | - Kaat de Jonge
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Florian Huber
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquie
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Laetitia Rossier
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.S.); (A.O.); (M.I.)
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.S.); (A.O.); (M.I.)
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (K.d.J.); (A.-C.T.); (F.H.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (P.B.); (M.B.-S.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.S.); (A.O.); (M.I.)
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Tanyi JL, Chiang CLL, Chiffelle J, Thierry AC, Baumgartener P, Huber F, Goepfert C, Tarussio D, Tissot S, Torigian DA, Nisenbaum HL, Stevenson BJ, Guiren HF, Ahmed R, Huguenin-Bergenat AL, Zsiros E, Bassani-Sternberg M, Mick R, Powell DJ, Coukos G, Harari A, Kandalaft LE. Author Correction: Personalized cancer vaccine strategy elicits polyfunctional T cells and demonstrates clinical benefits in ovarian cancer. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:68. [PMID: 33947868 PMCID: PMC8096937 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janos L Tanyi
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl L-L Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgartener
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Goepfert
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Tarussio
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Tissot
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harvey L Nisenbaum
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Stevenson
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hajer Fritah Guiren
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ritaparna Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Huguenin-Bergenat
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Baumgaertner P, Sankar M, Herrera F, Benedetti F, Barras D, Thierry AC, Dangaj D, Kandalaft LE, Coukos G, Xenarios I, Guex N, Harari A. Unsupervised Analysis of Flow Cytometry Data in a Clinical Setting Captures Cell Diversity and Allows Population Discovery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633910. [PMID: 33995353 PMCID: PMC8119773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data obtained with cytometry are increasingly complex and their interrogation impacts the type and quality of knowledge gained. Conventional supervised analyses are limited to pre-defined cell populations and do not exploit the full potential of data. Here, in the context of a clinical trial of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, we performed longitudinal flow cytometry analyses to identify multiple distinct cell populations in circulating whole blood. We cross-compared the results from state-of-the-art recommended supervised analyses with results from MegaClust, a high-performance data-driven clustering algorithm allowing fast and robust identification of cell-type populations. Ten distinct cell populations were accurately identified by supervised analyses, including main T, B, dendritic cell (DC), natural killer (NK) and monocytes subsets. While all ten subsets were also identified with MegaClust, additional cell populations were revealed (e.g. CD4+HLA-DR+ and NKT-like subsets), and DC profiling was enriched by the assignment of additional subset-specific markers. Comparison between transcriptomic profiles of purified DC populations and publicly available datasets confirmed the accuracy of the unsupervised clustering algorithm and demonstrated its potential to identify rare and scarcely described cell subsets. Our observations show that data-driven analyses of cytometry data significantly enrich the amount and quality of knowledge gained, representing an important step in refining the characterization of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Baumgaertner
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martial Sankar
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda Herrera
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics Competence Center (BICC), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Centre of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Tanyi JL, Chiang CLL, Chiffelle J, Thierry AC, Baumgartener P, Huber F, Goepfert C, Tarussio D, Tissot S, Torigian DA, Nisenbaum HL, Stevenson BJ, Guiren HF, Ahmed R, Huguenin-Bergenat AL, Zsiros E, Bassani-Sternberg M, Mick R, Powell DJ, Coukos G, Harari A, Kandalaft LE. Personalized cancer vaccine strategy elicits polyfunctional T cells and demonstrates clinical benefits in ovarian cancer. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:36. [PMID: 33723260 PMCID: PMC7960755 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are important for controlling ovarian cancer (OC). We previously demonstrated that combinatorial use of a personalized whole-tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (OCDC), bevacizumab (Bev), and cyclophosphamide (Cy) elicited neoantigen-specific T cells and prolonged OC survival. Here, we hypothesize that adding acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 would increase the vaccine efficacy in a recurrent advanced OC phase I trial (NCT01132014). By adding ASA and low-dose IL-2 to the OCDC-Bev-Cy combinatorial regimen, we elicited vaccine-specific T-cell responses that positively correlated with patients' prolonged time-to-progression and overall survival. In the ID8 ovarian model, animals receiving the same regimen showed prolonged survival, increased tumor-infiltrating perforin-producing T cells, increased neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and reduced endothelial Fas ligand expression and tumor-infiltrating T-regulatory cells. This combinatorial strategy was efficacious and also highlighted the predictive value of the ID8 model for future ovarian trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos L. Tanyi
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cheryl L.-L. Chiang
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgartener
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Goepfert
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5333.60000000121839049School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Tarussio
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Tissot
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Drew A. Torigian
- grid.411115.10000 0004 0435 0884Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Harvey L. Nisenbaum
- grid.411115.10000 0004 0435 0884Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hajer Fritah Guiren
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ritaparna Ahmed
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Huguenin-Bergenat
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emese Zsiros
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel J. Powell
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - George Coukos
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Steiner-Monard V, Kamaka K, Karoui O, Roethlisberger S, Audran R, Daubenberger C, Fayet-Mello A, Erdmann-Voisin A, Felger I, Geiger K, Govender L, Houard S, Huber E, Mayor C, Mkindi C, Portevin D, Rusch S, Schmidlin S, Tiendrebeogo RW, Theisen M, Thierry AC, Vallotton L, Corradin G, Leroy O, Abdulla S, Shekalaghe S, Genton B, Spertini F, Jongo SA. The Candidate Blood-stage Malaria Vaccine P27A Induces a Robust Humoral Response in a Fast Track to the Field Phase 1 Trial in Exposed and Nonexposed Volunteers. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:466-474. [PMID: 29945169 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P27A is an unstructured 104mer synthetic peptide from Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite exported protein 1 (TEX1), the target of human antibodies inhibiting parasite growth. The present project aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of P27A peptide vaccine in malaria-nonexposed European and malaria-exposed African adults. Methods This study was designed as a staggered, fast-track, randomized, antigen and adjuvant dose-finding, multicenter phase 1a/1b trial, conducted in Switzerland and Tanzania. P27A antigen (10 or 50 μg), adjuvanted with Alhydrogel or glucopyranosil lipid adjuvant stable emulsion (GLA-SE; 2.5 or 5 μg), or control rabies vaccine (Verorab) were administered intramuscularly to 16 malaria-nonexposed and 40 malaria-exposed subjects on days 0, 28, and 56. Local and systemic adverse events (AEs) as well as humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed after each injection and during the 34-week follow-up. Results Most AEs were mild to moderate and resolved completely within 48 hours. Systemic AEs were more frequent in the formulation with alum as compared to GLA-SE, whereas local AEs were more frequent after GLA-SE. No serious AEs occurred. Supported by a mixed Th1/Th2 cell-mediated immunity, P27A induced a marked specific antibody response able to recognize TEX1 in infected erythrocytes and to inhibit parasite growth through an antibody-dependent cellular inhibition mechanism. Incidence of AEs and antibody responses were significantly lower in malaria-exposed Tanzanian subjects than in nonexposed European subjects. Conclusions The candidate vaccine P27A was safe and induced a particularly robust immunogenic response in combination with GLA-SE. This formulation should be considered for future efficacy trials. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01949909, PACTR201310000683408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Steiner-Monard
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Olfa Karoui
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Roethlisberger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Geiger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lerisa Govender
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Huber
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel
| | - Carole Mayor
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Regis W Tiendrebeogo
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Odile Leroy
- European Vaccine Initiative, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Blaise Genton
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel.,Policlinique médicale universitaire, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Infectious Disease Service, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Girotra M, Thierry AC, Harari A, Coukos G, Naveiras O, Vannini N. Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31929504 DOI: 10.3791/60475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine balance of quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation is key to preserve the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and maintain lifelong production of all mature blood cells. In recent years cellular metabolism has emerged as a crucial regulator of HSC function and fate. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of mitochondrial metabolism influences HSC fate. Specifically, by chemically uncoupling the electron transport chain we were able to maintain HSC function in culture conditions that normally induce rapid differentiation. However, limiting HSC numbers often precludes the use of standard assays to measure HSC metabolism and therefore predict their function. Here, we report a simple flow cytometry assay that allows reliable measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass in scarce cells such as HSCs. We discuss the isolation of HSCs from mouse bone marrow and measurement of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential post ex vivo culture. As an example, we show the modulation of these parameters in HSCs via treatment with a metabolic modulator. Moreover, we extend the application of this methodology on human peripheral blood-derived T cells and human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), showing dramatic differences in their mitochondrial profiles, possibly reflecting different T cell functionality. We believe this assay can be employed in screenings to identify modulators of mitochondrial metabolism in various cell types in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Girotra
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL);
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL); Hematology Service, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
| | - Nicola Vannini
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne;
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Bassani-Sternberg M, Digklia A, Huber F, Wagner D, Sempoux C, Stevenson BJ, Thierry AC, Michaux J, Pak H, Racle J, Boudousquie C, Balint K, Coukos G, Gfeller D, Martin Lluesma S, Harari A, Demartines N, Kandalaft LE. A Phase Ib Study of the Combination of Personalized Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine, Aspirin, and Standard of Care Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Nivolumab for Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-A Proof of Antigen Discovery Feasibility in Three Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1832. [PMID: 31440238 PMCID: PMC6694698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), most patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy do not achieve objective responses, with most tumor regressions being partial rather than complete. It is hypothesized that the absence of pre-existing antitumor immunity and/or the presence of additional tumor immune suppressive factors at the tumor microenvironment are responsible for such therapeutic failures. It is therefore clear that in order to fully exploit the potential of PD-1 blockade therapy, antitumor immune response should be amplified, while tumor immune suppression should be further attenuated. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with ICB by inducing effective anti-tumor immunity, especially in patients lacking tumor-infiltrating T-cells. These "non-inflamed" non-permissive tumors that are resistant to ICB could be rendered sensitive and transformed into "inflamed" tumor by vaccination. In this article we describe a clinical study where we use pancreatic cancer as a model, and we hypothesize that effective vaccination in pancreatic cancer patients, along with interventions that can reprogram important immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, can enhance tumor immune recognition, thus enhancing response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We incorporate into the schedule of standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy adjuvant setting a vaccine platform comprised of autologous dendritic cells loaded with personalized neoantigen peptides (PEP-DC) identified through our own proteo-genomics antigen discovery pipeline. Furthermore, we add nivolumab, an antibody against PD-1, to boost and maintain the vaccine's effect. We also demonstrate the feasibility of identifying personalized neoantigens in three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, and we describe their optimal incorporation into long peptides for manufacturing into vaccine products. We finally discuss the advantages as well as the scientific and logistic challenges of such an exploratory vaccine clinical trial, and we highlight its novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Michaux
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - HuiSong Pak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquie
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klara Balint
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Martin Lluesma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Herrera FG, Valerio M, Berthold D, Tawadros T, Meuwly JY, Vallet V, Baumgartner P, Thierry AC, De Bari B, Jichlinski P, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Harari A, Bourhis J. 50-Gy Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy to the Dominant Intraprostatic Nodule: Results From a Phase 1a/b Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:320-334. [PMID: 30267761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although localized prostate cancer (PCa) is multifocal, the dominant intraprostatic nodule (DIN) is responsible for disease progression after radiation therapy. PCa expresses antigens that could be recognized by the immune system. We therefore hypothesized that stereotactic dose escalation to the DIN is safe, may increase local control, and may initiate tumor-specific immune responses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with localized PCa were treated with stereotactic extreme hypofractionated doses of 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions to the whole prostate while simultaneously escalating doses to the magnetic resonance image-visible DIN (45 Gy, 47.5 Gy, and 50 Gy in 5 fractions). The phase 1a part was designed to determine the recommended phase 1b dose in a "3 + 3" cohort-based, dose-escalation design. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicities defined as ≥grade 3 gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) toxicity (or both) by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4) up to 90 days after the first radiation fraction. The secondary endpoints were prostate-specific antigen kinetics, quality of life (QoL), and blood immunologic responses. RESULTS Nine patients were treated in phase 1a. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at either level, and therefore the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Further characterization of tolerability, efficacy, and immunologic outcomes was conducted in the subsequent 11 patients irradiated at the highest dose level (50 Gy) in the phase 1b expansion cohort. Toxicity was 45% and 25% for grades 1 and 2 GU, and 20% and 5% for grades 1 and 2 GI, respectively. No grade 3 or worse toxicity was reported. The average (±standard error of the mean) of the QoL assessments at baseline and at 3-month posttreatment were 0.8 (±0.8) and 3.5 (±1.5) for the bowel (mean difference, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-5), and 6.4 (±0.8) and 7.27 (±0.9) for the International Prostate Symptom Score (mean difference, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.9), respectively. A subset of patients developed antigen-specific immune responses against prostate-specific membrane antigen (n = 2), prostatic acid phosphatase (n = 1), prostate stem cell antigen (n = 4), and prostate-specific antigen (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Irradiation of the whole prostate with 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions and dose escalation to 50 Gy to the DIN was tolerable and determined as the recommended phase 1b dose. This treatment has promising antitumor activity, which will be confirmed by the ongoing phase 2 part. Preliminary QoL analysis showed minimal impact in GU, GI, and sexual domains. Stereotactic irradiation induced antigen-specific immune responses in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Herrera
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Massimo Valerio
- Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Berthold
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tawadros
- Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Meuwly
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Vallet
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgartner
- Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Berardino De Bari
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Audran RÃ, Chtioui H, Thierry AC, Mayor C, Vallotton L, Dao K, Rothuizen L, Maghraoui A, Pennella EJ, Brunner-Ferber F, Buclin T, Spertini F. Trastuzumab versus MYL-1401O (a proposed trastuzumab biosimilar) in a phase I bioequivalence study: In vivo and in vitro immunomodulation. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.7_suppl.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10 Background: Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting breast cancer cells overexpressing the HER2-oncoprotein. During a Phase-I single centre, single dose, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study assessing the bioequivalence of a proposed trastuzumab biosimilar (MYL-1401O) versus the initially marketed drug (Herceptin), we investigated in addition a large panel of pharmacodynamics parameters comparing the immunomodulatory activity of both drugs. Methods: 22 healthy males were included, 19 subjects receiving randomly a single intravenous infusion of MYL-1401O and 22 of Herceptin, separated by 16 to 22 week wash-out. Blood samples drawn pre- and post- infusion were assessed for in vivo serum cytokines induction (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, GM-CSF and IFN-γ) whereas the impact of treatment on mononuclear cell subsets and their level of activation was tested ex vivo. Volunteers’ PBMC (peripheral blood monocnuclear cells) were stimulated in vitro with recall antigens and mitogen for cytokine production. At baseline, we performed in addition a cytokine release assay on PBMC upon stimulation with trastuzumab as a preclinical safety test. Results: Trastuzumab infusion induced a transient and weak peak of serum IL-6 at 6h, and a modulation of mononuclear cell subset profile and level of activation. Notably CD16+ cells frequency decreased at 3h and peaked at 48h. Except for CD8+ T cells, there were no significant differences between Herceptin and its proposed biosimilar ex vivo. PBMC stimulated in vitro with trastuzumab secreted IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-10, but no IL-2. There was no significant difference between the two mAbs. Conclusions: Based on these in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments, there is a strong assumption that MYL-1401O is biosimilar to the reference drug Herceptin for its immunomodulation properties as already proven for its bioequivalence. Clinical trial information: 2011-001406-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy- CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haithem Chtioui
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology- CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carole Mayor
- Division of Immunology and Allergy - CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Vallotton
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology- CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Dao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology-CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rothuizen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology-CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali Maghraoui
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology-CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology-CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy - CHUV- University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Spertini F, Audran R, Chakour R, Karoui O, Steiner-Monard V, Thierry AC, Mayor CE, Rettby N, Jaton K, Vallotton L, Lazor-Blanchet C, Doce J, Puentes E, Marinova D, Aguilo N, Martin C. Safety of human immunisation with a live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase I trial. Lancet Respir Med 2015; 3:953-62. [PMID: 26598141 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis remains one of the world's deadliest transmissible diseases despite widespread use of the BCG vaccine. MTBVAC is a new live tuberculosis vaccine based on genetically attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis that expresses most antigens present in human isolates of M tuberculosis. We aimed to compare the safety of MTBVAC with BCG in healthy adult volunteers. METHODS We did this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 1 study at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV; Lausanne, Switzerland). Volunteers were eligible for inclusion if they were aged 18-45 years, clinically healthy, HIV-negative and tuberculosis-negative, and had no history of active tuberculosis, chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis, or BCG vaccination. Volunteers fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to three cohorts in a dose-escalation manner. Randomisation was done centrally by the CHUV Pharmacy and treatments were masked from the study team and volunteers. As participants were recruited within each cohort, they were randomly assigned 3:1 to receive MTBVAC or BCG. Of the participants allocated MTBVAC, those in the first cohort received 5 × 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) MTBVAC, those in the second cohort received 5 × 10(4) CFU MTBVAC, and those in the third cohort received 5 × 10(5) CFU MTBVAC. In all cohorts, participants assigned to receive BCG were given 5 × 10(5) CFU BCG. Each participant received a single intradermal injection of their assigned vaccine in 0·1 mL sterile water in their non-dominant arm. The primary outcome was safety in all vaccinated participants. Secondary outcomes included whole blood cell-mediated immune response to live MTBVAC and BCG, and interferon γ release assays (IGRA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02013245. FINDINGS Between Jan 23, 2013, and Nov 6, 2013, we enrolled 36 volunteers into three cohorts, each of which consisted of nine participants who received MTBVAC and three who received BCG. 34 volunteers completed the trial. The safety of vaccination with MTBVAC at all doses was similar to that of BCG, and vaccination did not induce any serious adverse events. All individuals were IGRA negative at the end of follow-up (day 210). After whole blood stimulation with live MTBVAC or BCG, MTBVAC was at least as immunogenic as BCG. At the same dose as BCG (5×10(5) CFU), although no statistical significance could be achieved, there were more responders in the MTBVAC group than in the BCG group, with a greater frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ central memory T cells. INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, MTBVAC is the first live-attenuated M tuberculosis vaccine to reach clinical assessment, showing similar safety to BCG. MTBVAC seemed to be at least as immunogenic as BCG, but the study was not powered to investigate this outcome. Further plans to use more immunogenicity endpoints in a larger number of volunteers (adults and adolescents) are underway, with the aim to thoroughly characterise and potentially distinguish immunogenicity between MTBVAC and BCG in tuberculosis-endemic countries. Combined with an excellent safety profile, these data support advanced clinical development in high-burden tuberculosis endemic countries. FUNDING Biofabri and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI).
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Affiliation(s)
- François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reza Chakour
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olfa Karoui
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Steiner-Monard
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole E Mayor
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nils Rettby
- Vaccination and Immunotherapy Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katia Jaton
- Department of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Vallotton
- Clinical Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Lazor-Blanchet
- Service de Médecine du Personnel, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dessislava Marinova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERES and Research Network on Respiratory Diseases, Spanish Ministry of Health and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Spertini F, Perrin Y, Audran R, Pellaton C, Boudousquié C, Barbier N, Thierry AC, Charlon V, Reymond C. Safety and immunogenicity of immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:239-240.e13. [PMID: 24797422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yannick Perrin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pellaton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquié
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Barbier
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Reymond
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Anergis SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Pellaton C, Perrin Y, Boudousquié C, Barbier N, Wassenberg J, Corradin G, Thierry AC, Audran R, Reymond C, Spertini F. Novel birch pollen specific immunotherapy formulation based on contiguous overlapping peptides. Clin Transl Allergy 2013; 3:17. [PMID: 23725004 PMCID: PMC3672070 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic contiguous overlapping peptides (COPs) may represent an alternative to allergen extracts or recombinant allergens for allergen specific immunotherapy. In combination, COPs encompass the entire allergen sequence, providing all potential T cell epitopes, while preventing IgE conformational epitopes of the native allergen. Methods Individual COPs were derived from the sequence of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen, and its known crystal structure, and designed to avoid IgE binding. Three sets of COPs were tested in vitro in competition ELISA and basophil degranulation assays. Their in vivo reactivity was determined by intraperitoneal challenge in rBet v 1 sensitized mice as well as by skin prick tests in volunteers with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis to birch pollen. Results The combination, named AllerT, of three COPs selected for undetectable IgE binding in competition assays and for the absence of basophil activation in vitro was unable to induce anaphylaxis in sensitized mice in contrast to rBet v 1. In addition no positive reactivity to AllerT was observed in skin prick tests in human volunteers allergic to birch pollen. In contrast, a second set of COPs, AllerT4-T5 displayed some residual IgE binding in competition ELISA and a weak subliminal reactivity to skin prick testing. Conclusions The hypoallergenicity of contiguous overlapping peptides was confirmed by low, if any, IgE binding activity in vitro, by the absence of basophil activation and the absence of in vivo induction of allergic reactions in mouse and human. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01719133
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pellaton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
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13
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Reymond C, Kettner A, Boand V, Manighetti A, Thierry AC, Audran R, Spertini F. Non-Detectable IgE Binding of an Amb a 1 Derived, Contiguous Overlapping Peptide Based, SIT Product Candidate Against Ragweed Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Spertini F, Barbier N, Thierry AC, Régine A, Charlon V, Reymond C. Immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides leads to long term immunoregulatory responses (107.14). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.107.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Allergen specific immunotherapy with whole pollen extract may induce anaphylaxis, is poorly standardized and of long duration. We thus designed a randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial in volunteers with birch pollen allergic rhinitis and asthma to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel immunotherapy based on contiguous overlapping peptides (COPs) derived from Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen. A mixture of three COPs (AllerT™, Anergis SA, Switzerland) spanning the whole Bet v 1 molecule was selected for its inability to bind IgE. Prior to the pollen season, AllerT (in Alum) was injected subcutaneously to 15 adult volunteers at D0 (57 μg), D7, D14, D21 and D51 (95 μg each). Control volunteers (n=5) received only adjuvant. Overall AllerT was safe. No serious adverse events and no immediate allergic reactions were reported. AllerT induced a vigorous early Bet v 1 specific immune response marked by vaccine associated INFγ and IL-10 secretion. This contributed to a strong anti-Bet v 1-specific IgG4 enhancement. Moreover, two months after the second season post treatment (July 2010), serum Bet v 1 specific IgG4 response was still markedly increased as compared to pre-treatment values and to placebo whereas post seasonal Bet v 1 specific IgE titers were similar to baseline values. Taken together this indicates that immunotherapy with a mixture of three COPs derived from Bet v 1 (AllerT) was safe and immunogenic, and led to long term immunological memory.
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15
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Strong AE, Thierry AC, Cousin P, Moulon C, Demotz S. Synthetic chemokines directly labeled with a fluorescent dye as tools for studying chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions. Eur Cytokine Netw 2006; 17:49-59. [PMID: 16613763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines constitute a protein family that exhibit a variety of biological activities involved in normal and pathological physiological processes. CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL19 (MIP-3beta), CCL22 (MDC), CXCL11 (I-TAC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) chemokines, modified with the Alexa Fluor 647 fluorescent dye at specific positions along their sequence, were produced by a chemical route and their biological activities were characterized. In a migration assay, fluorescent chemokines were as biologically active as the unmodified forms. All labeled chemokines specifically stained cell lines transfected with the appropriate human chemokine receptors. The specificity of binding was further established by showing that the unlabeled ligands efficiently competed with the labeled chemokines for binding to their respective receptor. A low molecular weight antagonist of CXCR4 prevented binding of labeled CXCL12 to CXCR4 comparably to a neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody. Finally, labeled CCL19 was used for the staining of primary cells, illustrating that this reagent can be used for studying CCR7 expression on different cell types. Together, these results demonstrate that fluorescent synthetic chemokines constitute promising ligands for the development of chemokine receptor-binding assays on intact cells, for applications such as cell-based, high throughput screening, and studies of chemokine receptor expression by primary cells.
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Heystek HC, Thierry AC, Soulard P, Moulon C. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors reduce human dendritic cell inflammatory cytokine production and Th1-polarizing capacity. Int Immunol 2003; 15:827-35. [PMID: 12807821 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxg079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 have been shown to inhibit inflammatory mediator release and T cell proliferation, and are considered candidate therapies for T(h)1-mediated diseases. However, little is known about how PDE4 inhibitors influence dendritic cells (DC), the cells responsible for the priming of naive T(h) cells. Therefore, we investigated the PDE profile of monocyte-derived DC, and whether PDE4 inhibitors modulate DC cytokine production and T cell-polarizing capacity. We mainly found cAMP-specific PDE4 enzymatic activity in both immature and mature DC. In contrast to monocytes that mainly express PDE4B, we found that PDE4A is the predominant PDE4 subtype present in DC. Immature DC showed reduced ability to produce IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha upon lipopolysaccharide or CD40 ligand (CD40L) stimulation in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors, whereas cytokine production upon CD40L stimulation of fully mature DC in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors was not affected. Exposure to PDE4 inhibitors for 2 days during DC maturation did not influence T cell-stimulatory capacity or acquisition of a mature phenotype, but increased the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Furthermore, DC matured in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors showed reduced capacity to produce IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha upon subsequent CD40L stimulation. Using these PDE4 inhibitor-matured DC to stimulate naive T cells resulted in a reduction of IFN-gamma-producing (T(h)1) cells. These findings indicate that PDE4 inhibitors can affect T cell responses by acting at the DC level and may increase our understanding of the therapeutic implication of PDE4 inhibitors for T(h)1-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen C Heystek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Fresnes Laboratories, 94265 Fresnes, France
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Thierry AC, Perrenoud G, Pinaud S, Bigler N, Denis B, Roggero M, Moulon C, Demotz S. Biotinylated synthetic chemokines: their use for the development of nonradioactive whole-cell binding assays. J Biomol Screen 2003; 8:316-23. [PMID: 12857385 DOI: 10.1177/1087057103008003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A chemokine binding assay on whole cells was developed using biotinylated synthetic CCL22 as a model ligand. CCL22 analogues were produced by a chemical route, resulting in > 97% homogeneous and defined polypeptides. First, the 5 biotinylated CCL22 analogues synthesized were captured by agarose-immobilized streptavidin, indicating that the biotin molecules introduced in positions G1, K27, K49, K61, and K66 of CCL22 were accessible for binding. Then, it was established using a migration assay that the biotinylated chemokines were at least as biologically active as the unmodified CCL22 form. Subsequently, the biotinylated chemokines were evaluated in an FACS-based whole-cell binding assay. Surprisingly, only the CCL22 analogue with the biotin in position K66 constituted a suitable staining reagent for CCR4-positive cells. Finally, binding characteristics and reproducibility of the binding assay were outlined for the CCL22 analogue with the biotin in position K66. These results exemplified that biotinylated synthetic chemokines constitute promising ligands for the development of chemokine receptor-binding assays on whole cells, provided the position of the biotin moiety introduced along the sequence is adequately chosen.
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Thierry AC, Pinaud S, Bigler N, Perrenoud G, Denis B, Roggero MA, Fasel N, Moulon C, Demotz S. Long synthetic peptides as biologically active proteins: the example of the chemokines. Biologicals 2001; 29:259-63. [PMID: 11851325 DOI: 10.1006/biol.2001.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines constitute an expanding protein family of over 40 members which exhibit a wide variety of biological activities and are involved in many normal physiological processes, such as cellular migration, differentiation and activation, but also in pathological situations, such as inflammation and metastasis. Over the last few years, we have developed methods to manufacture long synthetic peptides of up to 130 residues, and to achieve the formation of native-like cysteine pairings. This ability prompted us to undertake the total chemical synthesis of chemokines. So far, we have successfully produced over 30 chemokine species, which exhibit biological activities similar to, or greater than, those reported by others. Chemical synthesis offers a clear advantage over recombinant technologies for the introduction of fluorochromes and haptens at molecularly defined positions. In addition, approval of chemically synthesized products for use in humans is straightforward compared with material produced by biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Thierry
- DICTAGENE 22, chemin des Croisettes, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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