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Rubanova N, Pinna G, Kropp J, Campalans A, Radicella JP, Polesskaya A, Harel-Bellan A, Morozova N. MasterPATH: network analysis of functional genomics screening data. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:632. [PMID: 32928103 PMCID: PMC7491077 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional genomics employs several experimental approaches to investigate gene functions. High-throughput techniques, such as loss-of-function screening and transcriptome profiling, allow to identify lists of genes potentially involved in biological processes of interest (so called hit list). Several computational methods exist to analyze and interpret such lists, the most widespread of which aim either at investigating of significantly enriched biological processes, or at extracting significantly represented subnetworks. Results Here we propose a novel network analysis method and corresponding computational software that employs the shortest path approach and centrality measure to discover members of molecular pathways leading to the studied phenotype, based on functional genomics screening data. The method works on integrated interactomes that consist of both directed and undirected networks – HIPPIE, SIGNOR, SignaLink, TFactS, KEGG, TransmiR, miRTarBase. The method finds nodes and short simple paths with significant high centrality in subnetworks induced by the hit genes and by so-called final implementers – the genes that are involved in molecular events responsible for final phenotypic realization of the biological processes of interest. We present the application of the method to the data from miRNA loss-of-function screen and transcriptome profiling of terminal human muscle differentiation process and to the gene loss-of-function screen exploring the genes that regulates human oxidative DNA damage recognition. The analysis highlighted the possible role of several known myogenesis regulatory miRNAs (miR-1, miR-125b, miR-216a) and their targets (AR, NR3C1, ARRB1, ITSN1, VAV3, TDGF1), as well as linked two major regulatory molecules of skeletal myogenesis, MYOD and SMAD3, to their previously known muscle-related targets (TGFB1, CDC42, CTCF) and also to a number of proteins such as C-KIT that have not been previously studied in the context of muscle differentiation. The analysis also showed the role of the interaction between H3 and SETDB1 proteins for oxidative DNA damage recognition. Conclusion The current work provides a systematic methodology to discover members of molecular pathways in integrated networks using functional genomics screening data. It also offers a valuable instrument to explain the appearance of a set of genes, previously not associated with the process of interest, in the hit list of each particular functional genomics screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rubanova
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Le Bois-Marie 35 rte de Chartres, 91440, Bures-sur-Yvette, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France. .,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia.
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Jeremie Kropp
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Le Bois-Marie 35 rte de Chartres, 91440, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna Campalans
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology, Institut François Jacob, CEA, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, U967, bâtiment 56 PC 103 18 route du Panorama, BP6 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Université Paris Sud, U967, bâtiment 56 PC 103 18 route du Panorama, BP6 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Juan Pablo Radicella
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology, Institut François Jacob, CEA, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, U967, bâtiment 56 PC 103 18 route du Panorama, BP6 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Université Paris Sud, U967, bâtiment 56 PC 103 18 route du Panorama, BP6 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Le Bois-Marie 35 rte de Chartres, 91440, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nadya Morozova
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Le Bois-Marie 35 rte de Chartres, 91440, Bures-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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2
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van de Worp WRPH, Schols AMWJ, Dingemans AMC, Op den Kamp CMH, Degens JHRJ, Kelders MCJM, Coort S, Woodruff HC, Kratassiouk G, Harel-Bellan A, Theys J, van Helvoort A, Langen RCJ. Identification of microRNAs in skeletal muscle associated with lung cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:452-463. [PMID: 31828982 PMCID: PMC7113505 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, highly prevalent in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), impairs quality of life and is associated with reduced tolerance and responsiveness to cancer therapy and decreased survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a central role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Changes in intramuscular levels of miRNAs have been implicated in muscle wasting conditions. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle of cachectic lung cancer patients to increase our understanding of cachexia and to allow us to probe their potential as therapeutic targets. METHODS A total of 754 unique miRNAs were profiled and analysed in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of newly diagnosed treatment-naïve NSCLC patients with cachexia (n = 8) and age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 8). miRNA expression analysis was performed using a TaqMan MicroRNA Array. In silico network analysis was performed on all significant differentially expressed miRNAs. Differential expression of the top-ranked miRNAs was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR in an extended group (n = 48) consisting of NSCLC patients with (n = 15) and without cachexia (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 22). Finally, these miRNAs were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis using overall survival and treatment-induced toxicity data obtained during the follow-up of this group of patients. RESULTS We identified 28 significant differentially expressed miRNAs, of which five miRNAs were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated. In silico miRNA-target prediction analysis showed 158 functional gene targets, and pathway analysis identified 22 pathways related to the degenerative or regenerative processes of muscle tissue. Subsequently, the expression of six top-ranked miRNAs was measured in muscle biopsies of the entire patient group. Five miRNAs were detectable with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and their altered expression (expressed as fold change, FC) was confirmed in muscle of cachectic NSCLC patients compared with healthy control subjects: miR-424-5p (FC = 4.5), miR-424-3p (FC = 12), miR-450a-5p (FC = 8.6), miR-144-5p (FC = 0.59), and miR-451a (FC = 0.57). In non-cachectic NSCLC patients, only miR-424-3p was significantly increased (FC = 5.6) compared with control. Although the statistical support was not sufficient to imply these miRNAs as individual predictors of overall survival or treatment-induced toxicity, when combined in multivariate analysis, miR-450-5p and miR-451a resulted in a significant stratification between short-term and long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS We identified differentially expressed miRNAs putatively involved in lung cancer cachexia. These findings call for further studies to investigate the causality of these miRNAs in muscle atrophy and the mechanisms underlying their differential expression in lung cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter R P H van de Worp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Céline M H Op den Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette H R J Degens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C J M Kelders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry C Woodruff
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gueorqui Kratassiouk
- Plateforme ARN interférence, Service de Biologie Intégrative et de Génétique Moléculaire (SBIGeM), I2BC, CEA, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Cancer, Institut de Hautes Études Scientifiques, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Precision Medicine, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Bessonov N, Pinna G, Minarsky A, Harel-Bellan A, Morozova N. Mathematical modeling reveals the factors involved in the phenomena of cancer stem cells stabilization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224787. [PMID: 31710617 PMCID: PMC6844488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), a subset of cancer cells resembling normal stem cells with self-renewal and asymmetric division capabilities, are present at various but low proportions in many tumors and are thought to be responsible for tumor relapses following conventional cancer therapies. In vitro, most intriguingly, isolated CSCs rapidly regenerate the original population of stem and non-stem cells (non-CSCs) as shown by various investigators. This phenomenon still remains to be explained. We propose a mathematical model of cancer cell population dynamics, based on the main parameters of cell population growth, including the proliferation rates, the rates of cell death and the frequency of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions both in CSCs and non-CSCs sub-populations, and taking into account the stabilization phenomenon. The analysis of the model allows determination of time-varying corridors of probabilities for different cell fates, given the particular dynamics of cancer cells populations; and determination of a cell-cell communication factors influencing these time-varying probabilities of cell behavior (division, transition) scenarios. Though the results of the model have to be experimentally confirmed, we can anticipate the development of several fundamental and practical applications based on the theoretical results of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Bessonov
- Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris‐Sud, University Paris‐Saclay, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France
| | - Andrey Minarsky
- Saint-Petersburg Academic University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris‐Sud, University Paris‐Saclay, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientiques (IHES), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nadya Morozova
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris‐Sud, University Paris‐Saclay, Gif‐sur‐Yvette, France
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientiques (IHES), Bures-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. Despite existence of multiple mathematical models of translation, surprisingly, there is no basic and simple chemical kinetic model of this process, derived directly from the detailed kinetic scheme. One of the reasons for this is that the translation process is characterized by indefinite number of states, because of the structure of the polysome. We bypass this difficulty by applying lumping of multiple states of translated mRNA into few dynamical variables and by introducing a variable describing the pool of translating ribosomes. The simplest model can be solved analytically. The simplest model can be extended, if necessary, to take into account various phenomena such as the limited amount of ribosomal units or regulation of translation by microRNA. The introduced model is more suitable to describe the protein synthesis in eukaryotes but it can be extended to prokaryotes. The model can be used as a building block for more complex models of cellular processes. We demonstrate the utility of the model in two examples. First, we determine the critical parameters of the synthesis of a single protein for the case when the ribosomal units are abundant. Second, we demonstrate intrinsic bi-stability in the dynamics of the ribosomal protein turnover and predict that a minimal number of ribosomes should pre-exists in a living cell to sustain its protein synthesis machinery, even in the absence of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Gorban
- University of Leicester, Center for Mathematical Modeling, Leicester, UK
- Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nadya Morozova
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, France
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei Zinovyev
- Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- INSERM U900, France
- Mines PariTech, Fontainbleau, France
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5
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Masutani H, Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Groisman R, Ait-Si-Ali S, Robin P, Pritchard LL, Harel-Bellan A. Autonomously binding protein detected on ets box of c-fos serum response element in proliferating cells. Gene Expr 2018; 8:33-42. [PMID: 10543729 PMCID: PMC6157356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The serum response element (SRE) in the c-fos promoter contains an ets box whose integrity is required for full activation of this proto-oncogene by nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) detect a protein in nuclear extracts that binds to the wild-type SRE, but not to an SRE containing a mutated ets box. Competition studies using unlabeled probes, and supershift experiments using antibodies and in vitro translated core serum response factor (SRF) indicate that the protein in question is not YY1, SAP-1, nor Elk-1 and that it does not exhibit ternary complex factor (TCF) activity, so that it may correspond to an autonomously binding Ets family protein. The complete disappearance of this "Ets-like autonomous binding factor" upon terminal differentiation of both L6alpha2 myoblastic and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells points to a possible role in the proliferation/differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Laura Magnaghi-Jaulin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Regina Groisman
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Robin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Linda L. Pritchard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Tumeurs Humaines, CNRS URA 1156, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Address correspondence to Annick Harel-Bellan at her present address: CNRS UPR 9079, IFC 01, 7 rue Guy Moquet, B.P. 8, 94801 Villejuif Cedex, France. Tel: 33 (0)1 4958 3385; Fax: 33 (0)1 4958 3307; E-mail: ahbellan@@vjf.cnrs.fr
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Larsen C, Armand JP, Robert J, Verrelle P, Pouysségur J, Évrard S, Harel-Bellan A, Marty M, Dutreix M. François Lavelle (1943–2018). Bull Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Kratassiouk G, Pritchard LL, Cuvellier S, Vislovukh A, Meng Q, Groisman R, Degerny C, Deforzh E, Harel-Bellan A, Groisman I. The WEE1 regulators CPEB1 and miR-15b switch from inhibitor to activators at G2/M. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:667-77. [PMID: 27027998 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1147631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the AGO-containing RISC complex control messenger RNA (mRNA) translation by binding to mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The relationship between miRNAs and other regulatory factors that also bind to mRNA 3'UTR, such as CPEB1 (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein), remains elusive. We found that both CPEB1 and miR-15b control the expression of WEE1, a key mammalian cell cycle regulator. Together, they repress WEE1 protein expression during G1 and S-phase. Interestingly, the 2 factors lose their inhibitory activity at the G2/M transition, at the time of the cell cycle when WEE1 expression is maximal, and, moreover, rather activate WEE1 translation in a synergistic manner. Our data show that translational regulation by RISC and CPEB1 is essential in cell cycle control and, most importantly, is coordinated, and can be switched from inhibition to activation during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gueorgui Kratassiouk
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Linda L Pritchard
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Sylvain Cuvellier
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,d Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Département Génétique et Développement , Paris , France
| | - Andrii Vislovukh
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,e Department of Translation Mechanisms , Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Qingwei Meng
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,f The Breast Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Regina Groisman
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Cindy Degerny
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Evgeny Deforzh
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Irina Groisman
- a Université Paris Sud, Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377 , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , Gif-Sur-Yvette , France.,c Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) , Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette , France
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Dubois EL, Gerber S, Kisselev A, Harel-Bellan A, Groisman R. UV-dependent phosphorylation of COP9/signalosome in UV-induced apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3101-5. [PMID: 26986008 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9/signalosome (CSN) multi-protein complex regulates the activity of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), including the DDB2 and CSA CRL4 ligases (CRL4DDB2 and CRL4CSA), which are involved in the repair of UV-induced DNA damages. In the present study, we demonstrated that the protein kinase ATM, a key component of the DNA damage response (DDR), phosphorylates CSN1 and CSN7a, two subunits of the CSN complex, in a UV-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of CSN1 on serine 474 was detected as early as 3 h after UV-exposure, peaked at 8 h and persisted until 48 h post-UV irradiation. Such a time course suggests a role in late DDR rather than in DNA repair. Consistently, overexpression of a phosphorylation-resistant S474A CSN1 mutant reduced UV-induced apoptosis. Thus, CSN1 appears to play a role not only in DNA repair but also in UV-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Laure Dubois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Scott Gerber
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Regina Groisman
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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9
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Gibert B, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Gattolliat CH, Meurette O, Le Guernevel S, Fombonne J, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Bouhallier F, Creveaux M, Negulescu AM, Bénard J, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Harel-Bellan A, Delattre O, Mehlen P. Regulation by miR181 family of the dependence receptor CDON tumor suppressive activity in neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju318. [PMID: 25313246 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an important role in neural crest cell fate during embryonic development and has been implicated in the progression of multiple cancers that include neuroblastoma, a neural crest cell-derived disease. While most of the SHH signaling is mediated by the well-described canonical pathway leading to the activation of Smoothened and Gli, it has recently been shown that cell-adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes (CDON) serves as a receptor for SHH and contributes to SHH-induced signaling. CDON has also been recently described as a dependence receptor, triggering apoptosis in the absence of SHH. This CDON proapoptotic activity has been suggested to constrain tumor progression. METHODS CDON expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in a panel of 226 neuroblastoma patients and associated with stages, overall survival, and expression of miR181 family members using Kaplan Meier and Pearson correlation methods. Cell death assays were performed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor growth was investigated in the chick chorioallantoic model. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS CDON expression was inversely associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (P < .001). Moreover, re-expression of CDON in neuroblastoma cell lines was associated with apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. We show that CDON expression is regulated by the miR181 miRNA family, whose expression is directly associated with neuroblastoma aggressiveness (survival: high miR181-b 73.2% vs low miR181-b 54.6%; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support the view that CDON acts as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastomas, and that CDON is tightly regulated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Solen Le Guernevel
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Joanna Fombonne
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Benjamin Ducarouge
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Frantz Bouhallier
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Marion Creveaux
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Ana Maria Negulescu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Jean Bénard
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG)
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue,' LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (BG, CDB, OM, SLG, JF, BD, FL, MC, AMN, PM); CNRS UMR 8126, University Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (C-HG, JB); Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, Bron, France (FB); INSERM, U830, Génétique et Biologie des Cancers, Institut Curie, Paris, France (IJL, OD); Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AHB); Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (AH-B); Present address: INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France (C-HG).
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10
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1257. [PMID: 24874729 PMCID: PMC4047912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The platinum derivative cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), best known as cisplatin, is currently employed for the clinical management of patients affected by testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. For a long time, the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin have been fully ascribed to its ability to generate unrepairable DNA lesions, hence inducing either a permanent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence or the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of cisplatin involves both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic component. Despite the unresolved issues regarding its mechanism of action, the administration of cisplatin is generally associated with high rates of clinical responses. However, in the vast majority of cases, malignant cells exposed to cisplatin activate a multipronged adaptive response that renders them less susceptible to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the drug, and eventually resume proliferation. Thus, a large fraction of cisplatin-treated patients is destined to experience therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Throughout the last four decades great efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms whereby neoplastic cells progressively lose their sensitivity to cisplatin. The advent of high-content and high-throughput screening technologies has accelerated the discovery of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways that may be targeted to prevent or reverse cisplatin resistance in cancer patients. Still, the multifactorial and redundant nature of this phenomenon poses a significant barrier against the identification of effective chemosensitization strategies. Here, we discuss recent systems biology studies aimed at deconvoluting the complex circuitries that underpin cisplatin resistance, and how their findings might drive the development of rational approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- 1] Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy [2] National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - J Michels
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS 769; LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Harel-Bellan
- 1] Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [2] CNRS, FRE3377, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [3] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Castedo
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France [4] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France [5] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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11
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Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Bertucci F, Cabaud O, Wicinski J, Finetti P, Josselin E, Adelaide J, Nguyen TT, Monville F, Jacquemier J, Thomassin-Piana J, Pinna G, Jalaguier A, Lambaudie E, Houvenaeghel G, Xerri L, Harel-Bellan A, Chaffanet M, Viens P, Birnbaum D. ALDH1-positive cancer stem cells predict engraftment of primary breast tumors and are governed by a common stem cell program. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7290-300. [PMID: 24142344 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) have been widely studied, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established in breast cancer. Here, we report the establishment of primary breast tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) that encompass the main diversity of human breast cancer and retain the major clinicopathologic features of primary tumors. Successful engraftment was correlated with the presence of ALDH1-positive CSCs, which predicted prognosis in patients. The xenografts we developed showed a hierarchical cell organization of breast cancer with the ALDH1-positive CSCs constituting the tumorigenic cell population. Analysis of gene expression from functionally validated CSCs yielded a breast CSC signature and identified a core transcriptional program of 19 genes shared with murine embryonic, hematopoietic, and neural stem cells. This generalized stem cell program allowed the identification of potential CSC regulators, which were related mainly to metabolic processes. Using an siRNA genetic screen designed to target the 19 genes, we validated the functional role of this stem cell program in the regulation of breast CSC biology. Our work offers a proof of the functional importance of CSCs in breast cancer, and it establishes the reliability of PDXs for use in developing personalized CSC therapies for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Authors' Affiliations: INSERM, U1068, CRCM, Molecular Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Biopathology, Aix-Marseille Univ, UM 105, F-13284, Départements d'Oncologie Médicale, Chirugie oncologique, and Radiologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille; and Plateforme ARN interference PArI, CEA SACLAY, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Polesskaya A, Degerny C, Pinna G, Maury Y, Kratassiouk G, Mouly V, Morozova N, Kropp J, Frandsen N, Harel-Bellan A. Genome-wide exploration of miRNA function in mammalian muscle cell differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71927. [PMID: 23991007 PMCID: PMC3749189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs impact on the control of cell fate by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Here, using mammalian muscle differentiation as a model and a phenotypic loss-of-function screen, we explored the function of miRNAs at the genome-wide level. We found that the depletion of a high number of miRNAs (63) impacted on differentiation of human muscle precursors, underscoring the importance of this post-transcriptional mechanism of gene regulation. Interestingly, a comparison with miRNA expression profiles revealed that most of the hit miRNAs did not show any significant variations of expression during differentiation. These constitutively expressed miRNAs might be required for basic and/or essential cell function, or else might be regulated at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA inhibition yielded a variety of phenotypes, reflecting the widespread miRNA involvement in differentiation. Using a functional screen (the STarS - Suppressor Target Screen – approach, i. e. concomitant knockdown of miRNAs and of candidate target proteins), we discovered miRNA protein targets that are previously uncharacterized controllers of muscle-cell terminal differentiation. Our results provide a strategy for functional annotation of the human miRnome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polesskaya
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cindy Degerny
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yves Maury
- Institut des cellules Souches pour le Traitement et l’Etude des Maladies monogéniques, Association Française contre les Myopathies, Evry, France
| | - Gueorgui Kratassiouk
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié/Institut de Myologie, UM76– Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6–Paris, France
| | - Nadya Morozova
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jeremie Kropp
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Department Epigenetics and Cancer FRE 3377, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
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13
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Harel-Bellan A, Zazoua MA, Rachez C, Muchardt C, Batsché E. 10-million-years AGO: argonaute on chromatin in yeast and human, a conserved mode of action? Transcription 2013; 4:89-91. [PMID: 23584094 DOI: 10.4161/trns.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas in yeast the function and mode of action of nuclear RNAi are well documented, mammalian nuclear RNAi is a matter of debates. Several papers support a role for nuclear Argonaute in alternative splicing. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we discuss the human nuclear RNAi mechanism in light of what is known of the yeast process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Harel-Bellan
- Université Paris Sud; Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer; Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3377; Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA); Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Harel-Bellan A, Marty M. [100 volumes of Bulletin du Cancer: more than a century in association with the French Cancer Society]. Bull Cancer 2013; 100:107. [PMID: 23589902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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15
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Senovilla L, Olaussen K, Pinna G, Eisenberg T, Goubar A, Martins I, Michels J, Kratassiouk G, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Scoazec M, Vacchelli E, Schlemmer F, Kepp O, Shen S, Tailler M, Niso-Santano M, Morselli E, Criollo A, Adjemian S, Jemaà M, Chaba K, Pailleret C, Michaud M, Pietrocola F, Tajeddine N, de La Motte Rouge T, Araujo N, Morozova N, Robert T, Ripoche H, Commo F, Besse B, Validire P, Fouret P, Robin A, Dorvault N, Girard P, Gouy S, Pautier P, Jägemann N, Nickel AC, Marsili S, Paccard C, Servant N, Hupé P, Behrens C, Behnam-Motlagh P, Kohno K, Cremer I, Damotte D, Alifano M, Midttun Ø, Ueland P, Lazar V, Dessen P, Zischka H, Chatelut E, Castedo M, Madeo F, Barillot E, Thomale J, Wistuba I, Sautès-Fridman C, Zitvogel L, Soria JC, Harel-Bellan A, Kroemer G. Prognostic Impact of Vitamin B6 Metabolism in Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of all important biological processes, including development, differentiation, and cancer. Although remarkable progress has been made in deciphering the mechanisms used by miRNAs to regulate translation, many contradictory findings have been published that stimulate active debate in this field. Here we contribute to this discussion in three ways. First, based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, we hypothesize a model in which all proposed mechanisms of microRNA action coexist, and where the apparent mechanism that is detected in a given experiment is determined by the relative values of the intrinsic characteristics of the target mRNAs and associated biological processes. Among several coexisting miRNA mechanisms, the one that will effectively be measurable is that which acts on or changes the sensitive parameters of the translation process. Second, we have created a mathematical model that combines nine known mechanisms of miRNA action and estimated the model parameters from the literature. Third, based on the mathematical modeling, we have developed a computational tool for discriminating among different possible individual mechanisms of miRNA action based on translation kinetics data that can be experimentally measured (kinetic signatures). To confirm the discriminatory power of these kinetic signatures and to test our hypothesis, we have performed several computational experiments with the model in which we simulated the coexistence of several miRNA action mechanisms in the context of variable parameter values of the translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Morozova
- CNRS FRE 3377, CEA Saclay, and
- Université Paris-Sud, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrei Zinovyev
- Institut Curie, Service Bioinformatique, F-75248 Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, F-77300 Fontainebleau, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Nora Nonne
- CNRS FRE 3377, CEA Saclay, and
- Université Paris-Sud, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Alexander N. Gorban
- University of Leicester, Centre for Mathematical Modelling, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- CNRS FRE 3377, CEA Saclay, and
- Université Paris-Sud, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Corresponding authorE-mail
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17
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Senovilla L, Olaussen KA, Pinna G, Eisenberg T, Goubar A, Martins I, Michels J, Kratassiouk G, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Scoazec M, Vacchelli E, Schlemmer F, Kepp O, Shen S, Tailler M, Niso-Santano M, Morselli E, Criollo A, Adjemian S, Jemaà M, Chaba K, Pailleret C, Michaud M, Pietrocola F, Tajeddine N, de La Motte Rouge T, Araujo N, Morozova N, Robert T, Ripoche H, Commo F, Besse B, Validire P, Fouret P, Robin A, Dorvault N, Girard P, Gouy S, Pautier P, Jägemann N, Nickel AC, Marsili S, Paccard C, Servant N, Hupé P, Behrens C, Behnam-Motlagh P, Kohno K, Cremer I, Damotte D, Alifano M, Midttun O, Ueland PM, Lazar V, Dessen P, Zischka H, Chatelut E, Castedo M, Madeo F, Barillot E, Thomale J, Wistuba II, Sautès-Fridman C, Zitvogel L, Soria JC, Harel-Bellan A, Kroemer G. Prognostic impact of vitamin B6 metabolism in lung cancer. Cell Rep 2012; 2:257-69. [PMID: 22854025 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are routinely treated with cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin. Through a genome-wide siRNA-based screen, we identified vitamin B6 metabolism as a central regulator of cisplatin responses in vitro and in vivo. By aggravating a bioenergetic catastrophe that involves the depletion of intracellular glutathione, vitamin B6 exacerbates cisplatin-mediated DNA damage, thus sensitizing a large panel of cancer cell lines to apoptosis. Moreover, vitamin B6 sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis induction by distinct types of physical and chemical stress, including multiple chemotherapeutics. This effect requires pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the enzyme that generates the bioactive form of vitamin B6. In line with a general role of vitamin B6 in stress responses, low PDXK expression levels were found to be associated with poor disease outcome in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC. These results indicate that PDXK expression levels constitute a biomarker for risk stratification among patients with NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Cohort Studies
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Pyridoxal Kinase/biosynthesis
- Pyridoxal Kinase/genetics
- Survival Rate
- Vitamin B 6/genetics
- Vitamin B 6/metabolism
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Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Groisman R, Naguibneva I, Robin P, Trouche D, Harel-Bellan A. Rôle des histone-désacétylases dans le contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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19
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Barre FX, Pritchard LL, Harel-Bellan A. Modification génétique par un oligonucléotide triple hélice. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Nairismägi ML, Vislovukh A, Meng Q, Kratassiouk G, Beldiman C, Petretich M, Groisman R, Füchtbauer EM, Harel-Bellan A, Groisman I. Translational control of TWIST1 expression in MCF-10A cell lines recapitulating breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2012; 31:4960-6. [PMID: 22266852 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
TWIST1 is a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Its misregulation has been observed in various types of tumors. Using the MCF-10A-series of cell lines that recapitulate the early stages of breast cancer formation and EMT, we found TWIST1 to be upregulated during EMT and downregulated early in carcinogenesis. The TWIST1 3'UTR contains putative regulatory elements, including miRNA target sites and two cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPE). We found that miR-580, CPEB1, and CPEB2 act as negative regulators of TWIST1 expression in a sequence-specific and additive/cooperative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Nairismägi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Silva VAO, Polesskaya A, Sousa TA, Corrêa VMA, André ND, Reis RI, Kettelhut IC, Harel-Bellan A, De Lucca FL. Expression and cellular localization of microRNA-29b and RAX, an activator of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2228-40. [PMID: 21897745 PMCID: PMC3164688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The apoptosis of retinal neurons plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular localization and the expression of microRNA-29b (miR-29b) and its potential target PKR associated protein X (RAX), an activator of the pro-apoptotic RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) signaling pathway, in the retina of normal and diabetic rats. METHODS Retinas were obtained from normal and diabetic rats within 35 days after streptozotocin (STZ) injection. In silico analysis indicated that RAX is a potential target of miR-29b. The cellular localization of miR-29b and RAX was assessed by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, respectively. The expression levels of miR-29b and RAX mRNA were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and the expression of RAX protein was evaluated by western blot. A luciferase reporter assay and inhibition of endogenous RAX were performed to confirm whether RAX is a direct target of miR-29b as predicted by the in silico analysis. RESULTS We found that miR-29b and RAX are localized in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the cells of the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retinas from normal and diabetic rats. Thus, the expression of miR-29b and RAX, as assessed in the retina by quantitative RT-PCR, reflects their expression in the RGCs and the cells of the INL. We also revealed that RAX protein is upregulated (more than twofold) at 3, 6, 16, and 22 days and downregulated (70%) at 35 days, whereas miR-29b is upregulated (more than threefold) at 28 and 35 days after STZ injection. We did not confirm the computational prediction that RAX is a direct target of miR-29b. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that RAX expression may be indirectly regulated by miR-29b, and the upregulation of this miRNA at the early stage of STZ-induced diabetes may have a protective effect against the apoptosis of RGCs and cells of the INL by the pro-apoptotic RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. O. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- University Paris-Sud CNRS, FRE 2944, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thaís A. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vani M. A. Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara Delgado André
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana I. Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis C. Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- University Paris-Sud CNRS, FRE 2944, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando L. De Lucca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guasconi V, Pritchard LL, Fritsch L, Mesner LD, Francastel C, Harel-Bellan A, Ait-Si-Ali S. Preferential association of irreversibly silenced E2F-target genes with pericentromeric heterochromatin in differentiated muscle cells. Epigenetics 2010; 5:704-9. [PMID: 20716953 DOI: 10.4161/epi.5.8.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterochromatin-associated H3K9 tri-methylase Suv39h1 is involved in the permanent silencing of E2F target genes in differentiating but not in quiescent cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that permanent silencing of E2F target genes is associated with their subnuclear positioning close to the pericentromeric heterochromatin compartment, enriched in Suv39h1. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we analyzed the subnuclear localization of three E2F target genes relative to the pericentromeric heterochromatin, in cycling fibroblasts or differentiating myoblasts. We observed that all three E2F-target genes have a tendency to relocate closer to the pericentromeric heterochromatin, only when cells differentiate and undergo an irreversible cell cycle withdrawal. These data suggest that repression of E2F target genes in cycling or in differentiating cells is achieved through distinct mechanisms. In differentiating cells, permanent silencing is driven by a Suv39h1-dependent H3K9 tri-methylation and positioning close to the heterochromatin compartment, whereas repression in cycling cells seems independent from subnuclear positioning and requires distinct H3K9 methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guasconi
- Institut André Lwoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FRE2944, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
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23
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Harel-Bellan A, Evrard S, Pouysségur J. [Metamorphoses]. Bull Cancer 2010; 97:287. [PMID: 20333816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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24
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Zinovyev A, Morozova N, Nonne N, Barillot E, Harel-Bellan A, Gorban AN. Dynamical modeling of microRNA action on the protein translation process. BMC Syst Biol 2010; 4:13. [PMID: 20181238 PMCID: PMC2847993 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein translation is a multistep process which can be represented as a cascade of biochemical reactions (initiation, ribosome assembly, elongation, etc.), the rate of which can be regulated by small non-coding microRNAs through multiple mechanisms. It remains unclear what mechanisms of microRNA action are the most dominant: moreover, many experimental reports deliver controversial messages on what is the concrete mechanism actually observed in the experiment. Nissan and Parker have recently demonstrated that it might be impossible to distinguish alternative biological hypotheses using the steady state data on the rate of protein synthesis. For their analysis they used two simple kinetic models of protein translation. Results In contrary to the study by Nissan and Parker, we show that dynamical data allow discriminating some of the mechanisms of microRNA action. We demonstrate this using the same models as developed by Nissan and Parker for the sake of comparison but the methods developed (asymptotology of biochemical networks) can be used for other models. We formulate a hypothesis that the effect of microRNA action is measurable and observable only if it affects the dominant system (generalization of the limiting step notion for complex networks) of the protein translation machinery. The dominant system can vary in different experimental conditions that can partially explain the existing controversy of some of the experimental data. Conclusions Our analysis of the transient protein translation dynamics shows that it gives enough information to verify or reject a hypothesis about a particular molecular mechanism of microRNA action on protein translation. For multiscale systems only that action of microRNA is distinguishable which affects the parameters of dominant system (critical parameters), or changes the dominant system itself. Dominant systems generalize and further develop the old and very popular idea of limiting step. Algorithms for identifying dominant systems in multiscale kinetic models are straightforward but not trivial and depend only on the ordering of the model parameters but not on their concrete values. Asymptotic approach to kinetic models allows putting in order diverse experimental observations in complex situations when many alternative hypotheses co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Zinovyev
- Institut Curie, Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Paris, France.
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25
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Galluzzi L, Morselli E, Vitale I, Kepp O, Senovilla L, Criollo A, Servant N, Paccard C, Hupé P, Robert T, Ripoche H, Lazar V, Harel-Bellan A, Dessen P, Barillot E, Kroemer G. miR-181a and miR-630 regulate cisplatin-induced cancer cell death. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1793-803. [PMID: 20145152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. We used microarray technology to identify miRNAs that were upregulated by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in response to cisplatin (CDDP). The corresponding synthetic miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) per se were not lethal when transfected into A549 cells yet affected cell death induction by CDDP, C2-ceramide, cadmium, etoposide, and mitoxantrone in an inducer-specific fashion. Whereas synthetic miRNA inhibitors (anti-miRNAs) targeting miR-181a and miR-630 failed to modulate the response of A549 to CDDP, pre-miR-181a and pre-miR-630 enhanced and reduced CDDP-triggered cell death, respectively. Pre-miR-181a and pre-miR-630 consistently modulated mitochondrial/postmitochondrial steps of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, including Bax oligomerization, mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, and the proteolytic maturation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, pre-miR-630 blocked early manifestations of the DNA damage response, including the phosphorylation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and of two ATM substrates, histone H2AX and p53. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p53 corroborated the hypothesis that pre-miR-630 (but not pre-miR-181a) blocks the upstream signaling pathways that are ignited by DNA damage and converge on p53 activation. Pre-miR-630 arrested A549 cells in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle, correlating with increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1) as well as with reduced proliferation rates and resulting in greatly diminished sensitivity of A549 cells to the late S-G2-M cell cycle arrest mediated by CDDP. Altogether, these results identify miR-181a and miR-630 as novel modulators of the CDDP response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U848, Villejuif, France
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Harel-Bellan A, Ameyar M, Polesskaya A, Degerny C. [Small non-coding RNAs: new targets and new therapeutic possibilities]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2010; 194:319-325. [PMID: 21166121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of regulatory small non-coding RNAs represents a revolution in our understanding of gene regulation. These small non-coding RNAs are powerful tools for exploring cellular pathways and for artificially controlling gene expression. Natural small RNAs also represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Harel-Bellan
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut Andre Lwoff, Villejuif, F-94801 and Universit6 Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France.
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27
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Fritsch L, Robin P, Mathieu JR, Souidi M, Hinaux H, Rougeulle C, Harel-Bellan A, Ameyar-Zazoua M, Ait-Si-Ali S. A Subset of the Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methyltransferases Suv39h1, G9a, GLP, and SETDB1 Participate in a Multimeric Complex. Mol Cell 2010; 37:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to Argonaute proteins, and together they form the RISC complex and regulate target mRNA translation and/or stability. Identification of mRNA targets is key to deciphering the physiological functions and mode of action of miRNAs. In mammals, miRNAs are generally poorly homologous to their target sequence, and target identification cannot be based solely on bioinformatics. Here, we describe a biochemical approach, based on tandem affinity purification, in which mRNA/miRNA complexes are sequentially pulled down, first via the Argonaute moiety and then via the miRNA. Our ‘TAP-Tar’ procedure allows the specific pull down of mRNA targets of miRNA. It is useful for validation of targets predicted in silico, and, potentially, for discovery of previously uncharacterized targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nonne
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif F-94801 and Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
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29
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Ameyar-Zazoua M, Souidi M, Fritsch L, Robin P, Thomas A, Hamiche A, Percipalle P, Ait-Si-Ali S, Harel-Bellan A. Physical and functional interaction between heterochromatin protein 1alpha and the RNA-binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27974-27979. [PMID: 19617346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.037929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining biochemical purification and mass spectrometry, we identified proteins associated with human heterochromatin protein 1alpha (HP1alpha) both in the nucleoplasm and in chromatin. Some of these are RNA-binding proteins, and among them is the protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U)/SAF-A, which is linked to chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation. Here, we demonstrate that hnRNP U is a bona fide HP1alpha-interacting molecule. More importantly, hnRNP U depletion reduces HP1alpha-dependent gene silencing and disturbs HP1alpha subcellular localization. Thus, our data demonstrate that hnRNP U is involved in HP1alpha function, shedding new light on the mode of action of HP1alpha and on the function of hnRNP U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ameyar-Zazoua
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Mouloud Souidi
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Lauriane Fritsch
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Philippe Robin
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Audrey Thomas
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94801, France.
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Yahi H, Fritsch L, Philipot O, Guasconi V, Souidi M, Robin P, Polesskaya A, Losson R, Harel-Bellan A, Ait-Si-Ali S. Differential cooperation between heterochromatin protein HP1 isoforms and MyoD in myoblasts. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23692-700. [PMID: 18599480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802647200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of transcriptional repression are important during cell differentiation. Mammalian heterochromatin protein 1 isoforms HP1alpha, HP1beta, and HP1gamma play important roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. We explored the possibility of different roles for the three HP1 isoforms in an integrated system, skeletal muscle terminal differentiation. In this system, terminal differentiation is initiated by the transcription factor MyoD, whose target genes remain mainly silent until myoblasts are induced to differentiate. Here we show that HP1alpha and HP1beta isoforms, but not HP1gamma, interact with MyoD in myoblasts. This interaction is direct, as shown using recombinant proteins in vitro. A gene reporter assay revealed that HP1alpha and HP1beta, but not HP1gamma, inhibit MyoD transcriptional activity, suggesting a model in which MyoD could serve as a bridge between nucleosomes and chromatin-binding proteins such as HDACs and HP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show a preferential recruitment of HP1 proteins on MyoD target genes in proliferating myoblasts. Finally, modulation of HP1 protein level impairs MyoD target gene expression and muscle terminal differentiation. Together, our data show a nonconventional interaction between HP1 and a tissue-specific transcription factor, MyoD. In addition, they strongly suggest that HP1 isoforms play important roles during muscle terminal differentiation in an isoform-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Yahi
- Institut André Lwoff, CNRS, FRE 2944, 7 rue Guy Moquet, Villejuif, France
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31
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Tajeddine N, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Hangen E, Morselli E, Senovilla L, Araujo N, Pinna G, Larochette N, Zamzami N, Modjtahedi N, Harel-Bellan A, Kroemer G. Hierarchical involvement of Bak, VDAC1 and Bax in cisplatin-induced cell death. Oncogene 2008; 27:4221-32. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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Naguibneva I, Polesskaya A, Ameyar-Zazoua M, Souidi M, Groisman R, Cuvellier S, Ait-Si-Ali S, Pritchard LL, Harel-Bellan A. [Micro-RNAs and muscle differentiation]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 201:367-76. [PMID: 18533097 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2007902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle differentiation in mammals is an important challenge. Cell differentiation involves complex pathways regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent observations have revealed the importance of small (20-25 base pairs) non-coding RNAs (microRNAs or miRNAs) that are expressed in both lower organisms and in mammals. miRNAs modulate gene expression by affecting mRNA translation or stability. In lower organisms, miRNAs are essential for cell differentiation during development; some miRNAs are involved in maintenance of the differentiated state. We have shown that miR-181, a microRNA that is strongly upregulated during differentiation, participates in establishing the muscle phenotype. Moreover, our results suggest that miR-181 downregulates the homeobox protein Hox-A11 (a repressor of the differentiation process), thus establishing a functional link between miR-181 and the complex process of mammalian skeletal muscle differentiation. Therefore, miRNAs can be involved in the establishment of a differentiated phenotype - even when they are not expressed in the corresponding fully differentiated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naguibneva
- CNRS FRE 2944 Epigénétique et Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Môquet, BP8, 94801 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Polesskaya A, Harel-Bellan A. [A novel role for an embryonic regulatory protein Lin-28 in adult skeletal muscle differentiation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 23:796-7. [PMID: 17937883 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20072310796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Polesskaya A, Cuvellier S, Naguibneva I, Duquet A, Moss EG, Harel-Bellan A. Lin-28 binds IGF-2 mRNA and participates in skeletal myogenesis by increasing translation efficiency. Genes Dev 2007; 21:1125-38. [PMID: 17473174 PMCID: PMC1855237 DOI: 10.1101/gad.415007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lin-28 is a highly conserved, RNA-binding, microRNA-regulated protein that is involved in regulation of developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. In mammals, Lin-28 is stage-specifically expressed in embryonic muscle, neurons, and epithelia, as well as in embryonic carcinoma cells, but is suppressed in most adult tissues, with the notable exception of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The specific function and mechanism of action of Lin-28 are not well understood. Here we used loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in cultured myoblasts to show that expression of Lin-28 is essential for skeletal muscle differentiation in mice. In order to elucidate the specific function of Lin-28, we used a combination of biochemical and functional assays, which revealed that, in differentiating myoblasts, Lin-28 binds to the polysomes and increases the efficiency of protein synthesis. An important target of Lin-28 is IGF-2, a crucial growth and differentiation factor for muscle tissue. Interaction of Lin-28 with translation initiation complexes in skeletal myoblasts and in the embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 was confirmed by localization of Lin-28 to the stress granules, temporary structures that contain stalled mRNA-protein translation complexes. Our results unravel novel mechanisms of translational regulation in skeletal muscle and suggest that Lin-28 performs the role of "translational enhancer" in embryonic and adult cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polesskaya
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif F-94801, France.
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35
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Ouararhni K, Hadj-Slimane R, Ait-Si-Ali S, Robin P, Mietton F, Harel-Bellan A, Dimitrov S, Hamiche A. The histone variant mH2A1.1 interferes with transcription by down-regulating PARP-1 enzymatic activity. Genes Dev 2006; 20:3324-36. [PMID: 17158748 PMCID: PMC1686608 DOI: 10.1101/gad.396106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The histone variant mH2A is believed to be involved in transcriptional repression, but how it exerts its function remains elusive. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation and tandem affinity immunopurification of the mH2A1.1 nucleosome complex, we identified numerous genes with promoters containing mH2A1.1 nucleosomes. In particular, the promoters of the inducible Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.2 genes, but not that of the constitutively expressed Hsp70.8, were highly enriched in mH2A1.1. PARP-1 was identified as a part of the mH2A1.1 nucleosome complex and was found to be associated with the Hsp70.1 promoter. A specific interaction between mH2A1.1 and PARP-1 was demonstrated and found to be associated with inactivation of PARP-1 enzymatic activity. Heat shock released both mH2A1.1 and PARP-1 from the Hsp70.1 promoter and activated PARP-1 automodification activity. The data we present point to a novel mechanism for control of Hsp70.1 gene transcription. mH2A1.1 recruits PARP-1 to the promoter, thereby inactivating it. Upon heat shock, the Hsp70.1 promoter-bound PARP-1 is released to activate transcription through ADP-ribosylation of other Hsp70.1 promoter-bound proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ouararhni
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 2944, 94801 Villejuif, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Harel-Bellan
- Laboratoire Epigénetique et Cancer, FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, Batiment B, 7, Rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif France.
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37
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Duquet A, Polesskaya A, Cuvellier S, Ait-Si-Ali S, Héry P, Pritchard LL, Gerard M, Harel-Bellan A. Acetylation is important for MyoD function in adult mice. EMBO Rep 2006; 7:1140-6. [PMID: 17028574 PMCID: PMC1679786 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is a post-translational modification that influences the activity of numerous proteins in vitro. Among them, the myogenic transcription factor MyoD shows an increased transcriptional activity in vitro when acetylated on two lysines (K): lysines 99 and 102. Here, we have investigated the biological relevance of this acetylation in vivo. Using specific antibodies, we show that endogenous MyoD is acetylated on lysines 99 and 102 in myoblasts. Moreover, we show the functional importance of acetylation in live animals by using a mutant of MyoD in which lysines 99 and 102 were replaced by arginines (R). Knock-in embryos homozygous for the MyoD(R99,102) allele expressed slightly reduced levels of MyoD but developed normally. However, the knock-in homozygous adult mice showed a phenotype that was almost identical to that of MyoD-knockout animals, including delayed muscle regeneration in vivo and an increased number of myoblasts but with reduced differentiation potential in vitro. Together, these results show the importance of MyoD acetylation for adult myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duquet
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvain Cuvellier
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Héry
- Laboratoire de Transgenèse, DBJC-SBMS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Linda L Pritchard
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Gerard
- Laboratoire de Transgenèse, DBJC-SBMS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- Laboratoire ‘Epigénétique et cancer', CNRS FRE 2944, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif, France
- Tel: +33 1 49 58 33 85; Fax: +33 1 49 58 33 07; E-mail:
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38
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Naguibneva I, Ameyar-Zazoua M, Nonne N, Polesskaya A, Ait-Si-Ali S, Groisman R, Souidi M, Pritchard LL, Harel-Bellan A. An LNA-based loss-of-function assay for micro-RNAs. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60:633-8. [PMID: 16962735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as being essential for development and for the control of cell proliferation/differentiation in various organisms. However, little is known about miRNA function and mode of action at the cellular level. We have designed a miRNA loss-of-function assay, based on chemically modified locked nucleic acids (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides and usable in tissue culture cells. We show that LNA/DNA mixed oligonucleotides form highly stable duplexes with miRNAs in vitro. Ex vivo, the target miRNA becomes undetectable in cells transfected with the antisense oligonucleotide. The effect is dose-dependent, long-lasting, and specific. Moreover, using a reporter assay, we show that antisense LNA/DNA oligonucleotides inhibit short non-coding RNAs at the functional level. Thus LNA/DNA mixmers represent powerful tools for functional analysis of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Naguibneva
- CNRS FRE 2944, Ligue nationale contre le cancer, 7, rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif cedex, France.
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39
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Groisman R, Kuraoka I, Chevallier O, Gaye N, Magnaldo T, Tanaka K, Kisselev AF, Harel-Bellan A, Nakatani Y. CSA-dependent degradation of CSB by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway establishes a link between complementation factors of the Cockayne syndrome. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1429-34. [PMID: 16751180 PMCID: PMC1475755 DOI: 10.1101/gad.378206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CSA or CSB complementation genes cause the Cockayne syndrome, a severe genetic disorder that results in patients' death in early adulthood. CSA and CSB act in a transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway, but their functional relationship is not understood. We have previously shown that CSA is a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we demonstrate that CSB is a substrate of this ligase: Following UV irradiation, CSB is degraded at a late stage of the repair process in a proteasome- and CSA-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of CSB degradation for post-TCR recovery of transcription and for the Cockayne syndrome. Our results unravel for the first time the functional relationship between CSA and CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Groisman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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40
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Naguibneva I, Ameyar-Zazoua M, Polesskaya A, Ait-Si-Ali S, Groisman R, Souidi M, Cuvellier S, Harel-Bellan A. The microRNA miR-181 targets the homeobox protein Hox-A11 during mammalian myoblast differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:278-84. [PMID: 16489342 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle-cell differentiation in mammals is an important challenge. Cell differentiation involves complex pathways regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent observations have revealed the importance of small (20-25 base pair) non-coding RNAs (microRNAs or miRNAs) that are expressed in both lower organisms and in mammals. miRNAs modulate gene expression by affecting mRNA translation or stability. In lower organisms, miRNAs are essential for cell differentiation during development; some miRNAs are involved in maintenance of the differentiated state. Here, we show that miR-181, a microRNA that is strongly upregulated during differentiation, participates in establishing the muscle phenotype. Moreover, our results suggest that miR-181 downregulates the homeobox protein Hox-A11 (a repressor of the differentiation process), thus establishing a functional link between miR-181 and the complex process of mammalian skeletal-muscle differentiation. Therefore, miRNAs can be involved in the establishment of a differentiated phenotype - even when they are not expressed in the corresponding fully differentiated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naguibneva
- UPR9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94801 Villejuif Cedex, France
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41
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Chauchereau A, Mathieu M, de Saintignon J, Ferreira R, Pritchard LL, Mishal Z, Dejean A, Harel-Bellan A. HDAC4 mediates transcriptional repression by the acute promyelocytic leukaemia-associated protein PLZF. Oncogene 2004; 23:8777-84. [PMID: 15467736 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PLZF, the promyelocytic leukaemia zinc-finger protein, is a transcriptional repressor essential to development. In some acute leukaemias, a chromosomal translocation fusing the PLZF gene to that encoding the retinoic acid receptor RARalpha gives rise to a fusion protein, PLZF-RARalpha, thought to be responsible for constitutive repression of differentiation-associated genes in these cells. Repression by both PLZF and PLZF-RARalpha is sensitive to the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA, and PLZF was previously shown to interact physically with HDAC1, a class I histone deacetylase. We here asked whether class II histone deacetylases, known to be generally involved in differentiation processes, participate in the repression mediated by PLZF and PLZF-RARalpha, and found that PLZF interacts with HDAC4 in both GST-pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, HDAC4 is indeed involved in PLZF and PLZF-RARalpha-mediated repression, since an enzymatically dead mutant of HDAC4 released the repression, as did an siRNA that blocks HDAC4 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that recruitment of HDAC4 is necessary for PLZF-mediated repression in both normal and leukaemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chauchereau
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
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42
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Abstract
We describe a system designed to express biotinylated proteins in mammalian cells in vivo and its application to the study of protein-DNA interactions in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The system is based on coexpression of the target protein fused to a short biotin acceptor domain together with the biotinylating enzyme BirA from Escherichia coli. The superior strength of the biotin-avidin interaction allows one to employ more stringent washing conditions in the ChIP protocol, resulting in a better signal/noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Viens
- Laboratoire Oncogénse, Différenciation et Transduction du Signal, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
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43
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Ait-Si-Ali S, Guasconi V, Fritsch L, Yahi H, Sekhri R, Naguibneva I, Robin P, Cabon F, Polesskaya A, Harel-Bellan A. A Suv39h-dependent mechanism for silencing S-phase genes in differentiating but not in cycling cells. EMBO J 2004; 23:605-15. [PMID: 14765126 PMCID: PMC1271807 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rb/E2F complex represses S-phase genes both in cycling cells and in cells that have permanently exited from the cell cycle and entered a terminal differentiation pathway. Here we show that S-phase gene repression, which involves histone-modifying enzymes, occurs through distinct mechanisms in these two situations. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to show that methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) occurs at several Rb/E2F target promoters in differentiating cells but not in cycling cells. Furthermore, phenotypic knock-down experiments using siRNAs showed that the histone methyltransferase Suv39h is required for histone H3K9 methylation and subsequent repression of S-phase gene promoters in differentiating cells, but not in cycling cells. These results indicate that the E2F target gene permanent silencing mechanism that is triggered upon terminal differentiation is distinct from the transient repression mechanism in cycling cells. Finally, Suv39h-depleted myoblasts were unable to express early or late muscle differentiation markers. Thus, appropriately timed H3K9 methylation by Suv39h seems to be part of the control switch for exiting the cell cycle and entering differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Valentina Guasconi
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauriane Fritsch
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Hakima Yahi
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Redha Sekhri
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Irina Naguibneva
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Robin
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Cabon
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France. Tel.: +33 149 583385; Fax: +33 149 583307; E-mail:
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44
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Fritsch L, Martinez LA, Sekhri R, Naguibneva I, Gérard M, Vandromme M, Schaeffer L, Harel-Bellan A. Conditional gene knock-down by CRE-dependent short interfering RNAs. EMBO Rep 2004; 5:178-82. [PMID: 14726950 PMCID: PMC1298975 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Revised: 07/07/2003] [Accepted: 11/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short (21-23 nt) double-stranded RNAs that direct the sequence-specific degradation of corresponding mRNAs, resulting in suppression of gene activity. siRNAs are powerful tools for gene functional analysis in mammals. Chemically synthesized siRNAs permit transient gene repression but preclude inhibition of stable gene products as well as long-term phenotypic analyses. Permanent gene suppression can be achieved by transcribing siRNAs as stem-loop precursors from Pol III promoters. This approach, however, has a major limitation: inhibition cannot be controlled in a time- or tissue-specific manner. Thus, the approach cannot be applied to genes essential for cell survival or cell proliferation. To overcome these limitations, we have designed a CRE-lox-based strategy that allows one to repress gene activity in a time-dependent manner in cells, and in a time- or tissue-dependent manner in animals. Our approach promises to improve dramatically the procedures for functional genetics in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Fritsch
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UPR 1983 CNRS, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800Villejuif, France
| | - Luis A Martinez
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UPR 1983 CNRS, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800Villejuif, France
| | - Redha Sekhri
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UPR 1983 CNRS, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800Villejuif, France
| | - Irina Naguibneva
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UPR 1983 CNRS, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800Villejuif, France
| | | | - Marie Vandromme
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule/UMR 5161 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, Allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule/UMR 5161 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, Allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Annick Harel-Bellan
- UPR 9079 CNRS-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UPR 1983 CNRS, Institut André Lwoff, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800Villejuif, France
- Tel: +33 1 49 58 33 85; Fax: +33 1 49 58 33 07; E-mail:
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45
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Ait-Si-Ali S, Guasconi V, Harel-Bellan A. [RNA interference and its possible use in cancer therapy]. Bull Cancer 2004; 91:15-8. [PMID: 14975801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for silencing gene expression. This mechanism was initially considered as a strange phenomenon limited to few plant species. It has become clear that PTGS occurs in both plants and animals and has roles in viral defense and transposon silencing mechanisms. However, the use of RNA interference triggered by the introduction of small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA or siRNA) into mammalian cells as a tool to knock down expression of specific genes holds the promise to selectively inhibit expression of disease-associated genes in humans. On the other hand, there are about 40,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome, but the function of most of them remains unknown. RNAi technology has now been developed for systematically deciphering the functions and interactions of these thousands of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- UPR 9079 CNRS, Labellisée Ligue nationale contre le cancer, Institut André-Lwoff, Villejuif, France.
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46
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Filleur S, Courtin A, Ait-Si-Ali S, Guglielmi J, Merle C, Harel-Bellan A, Clézardin P, Cabon F. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor severely limits tumor resistance to antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 and slows tumor vascularization and growth. Cancer Res 2003; 63:3919-22. [PMID: 12873985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, several laboratories have developed antiangiogenic molecules that starve tumors by targeting their vasculature and we have shown that, when produced in tumors, the antiangiogenic molecule thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) reduces the vascularization and delays tumor onset. Yet over time, tumor cells producing active TSP1 do eventually form exponentially growing tumors. These tumors are composed of cells secreting unusually high amounts of the angiogenic stimulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are sufficient to overcome the inhibitory TSP1. Here, we use short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) to trigger RNA interference and thereby impair the synthesis of VEGF and ask if this inability to produce VEGF prevents the development of TSP1 resistance. Systemic in vivo administration of crude anti-VEGF siRNA reduced the growth of unaltered fibrosarcoma tumor cells, and when the anti-VEGF siRNA was expressed from tumor cells themselves, such inhibition was synergistic with the inhibitory effects derived from TSP1 secretion by the tumor cells. Anti-VEGF siRNA delayed the emergence of TSP1-resistant tumors and strikingly reduced their subsequent growth rate.
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Abstract
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are chromatin-modifying processes that have fundamental importance for transcriptional regulation. Transcriptionally active chromatin regions show a high degree of histone acetylation, whereas deacetylation events are generally linked to transcriptional silencing. Many of the acetylating and deacetylating enzymes were originally identified as transcriptional coactivators or repressors. Their histone-modifying enzymatic activity was discovered more recently, opening up a whole new area of research. Histone acetyltransferases such as CREB-binding protein (CBP) and PCAF are involved in processes as diverse as promoting cell cycle progression and regulating differentiation. A controlled balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation seems to be essential for normal cell growth. Both histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases are involved in the development of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Treatments that target these enzymes are already under clinical investigation.
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Martinez LA, Naguibneva I, Lehrmann H, Vervisch A, Tchénio T, Lozano G, Harel-Bellan A. Synthetic small inhibiting RNAs: efficient tools to inactivate oncogenic mutations and restore p53 pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:14849-54. [PMID: 12403821 PMCID: PMC137507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.222406899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single base pair mutations that alter the function of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes occur frequently during oncogenesis. The guardian of the genome, p53, is inactivated by point mutation in more than 50% of human cancers. Synthetic small inhibiting RNAs (siRNAs) can suppress gene expression in mammalian cells, although their degree of selectivity might be compromised by an amplification mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that a single base difference in siRNAs discriminates between mutant and WT p53 in cells expressing both forms, resulting in the restoration of WT protein function. Therefore, siRNAs may be used to suppress expression of point-mutated genes and provide the basis for selective and personalized antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alfonso Martinez
- Unité Propre de Recherche 9079, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut André Lwoff, 7 Rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Decary S, Decesse JT, Ogryzko V, Reed JC, Naguibneva I, Harel-Bellan A, Cremisi CE. The retinoblastoma protein binds the promoter of the survival gene bcl-2 and regulates its transcription in epithelial cells through transcription factor AP-2. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:7877-88. [PMID: 12391156 PMCID: PMC134726 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.22.7877-7888.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) gene product has been shown to restrict cell proliferation, promote cell differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis. Loss of RB function can induce both p53-dependent apoptosis and p53-independent apoptosis; little is known about the mechanisms of RB-regulated p53-independent apoptosis. Here we show that RB specifically activates transcription of the survival gene bcl-2 in epithelial cells but not in NIH 3T3 mesenchymal cells. This transcriptional activity is mediated by the transcription factor AP-2. By monitoring protein-DNA interactions in living cells using formaldehyde cross-linking and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that endogenous RB and AP-2 both bind to the same bcl-2 promoter sequence. In addition, we demonstrate that RB and AP-2 also bind to the E-cadherin gene promoter in vivo, consistent with regulation of this promoter by both AP-2 and RB in epithelial cells. This study provides evidence that RB activates bcl-2 and E-cadherin by binding directly to the respective promoter sequences and not indirectly by repressing an inhibitor. This recruitment is mediated by a transcription factor, in this case AP-2. For the first time, our results suggest a direct molecular mechanism by which RB might inhibit apoptosis independently of p53. The results are discussed in a context where RB and Bcl-2 contribute under nonpathological conditions to the maintenance of cell viability in association with a differentiated phenotype, contributing to the tumor suppressor function of RB and playing important roles in normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Decary
- Laboratoire Oncogenese, Differenciation et Transduction du Signal, CNRS UPR 9079, Institut Andre Lwoff, 94801 Villejuif, France. The Burnham Institute, La JollaCalifornia 92037, USA
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Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Müller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A. The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J 2002; 21:2682-91. [PMID: 12032081 PMCID: PMC125385 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional repression mediated through histone deacetylation is a critical component of eukaryotic gene regulation. Here we demonstrate that the class II histone deacetylase HDAC4 is covalently modified by the ubiquitin-related SUMO-1 modifier. A sumoylation-deficient point mutant (HDAC4-K559R) shows a slightly impaired ability to repress transcription as well as reduced histone deacetylase activity. The ability of HDAC4 to self-aggregate is a prerequisite for proper sumoylation in vivo. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) signalling, which induces nuclear export, abrogates SUMO-1 modification of HDAC4. Moreover, the modification depends on the presence of an intact nuclear localization signal and is catalysed by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) RanBP2 protein, a factor newly identified as a SUMO E3 ligase. These findings suggest that sumoylation of HDAC4 takes place at the NPC and is coupled to its nuclear import. Finally, modification experiments indicate that the MEF2-interacting transcription repressor (MITR) as well as HDAC1 and -6 are similarly SUMO modified, indicating that sumoylation may be an important regulatory mechanism for the control of transcriptional repression mediated by both class I and II HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Kirsh
- Unité de Recombinaison et Expression Génétique, INSERM U 163, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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