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Everett K, Friend MM, Farnlacher E, Hilliard A, Nicodemus MC, Cavinder CA, Holtcamp K, Jousan D. Short-term equine interaction for reducing test anxiety and facilitating coping skill development in college students during examination periods: A preliminary study. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 137:105091. [PMID: 38718969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mental health concerns are common among college students and more prevalent during examination periods when stress and anxiety are heightened. While the benefits of equine interaction have been reported, the impact of short-term equine interaction on coping skills valuable for managing test anxiety have yet to be studied. Therefore, the purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the impact of short-term equine interaction during the college examination period on development of coping skills and anxiety levels associated with testing, both self-reported and those reflected in physiological measures. Full-time college students engaged in a one-hour equine interaction session held on campus at the onset of final exam week. Participants completed a survey targeting perception of anxiety levels and coping skills. Heart rate and salivary cortisol measurements were collected pre- and post-session. Paired t-tests were performed between pre- and post- session measures and correlations between survey answers and physiological measures determined. Significant reductions were found in all areas of anxiety (Overall Academics P = 0.0003, Final Exam Preparation P = 0.0003, Taking Final Exam P = 0.0003). The reduction in exam-related anxiety was positively correlated to cortisol concentrations (r = 0.69, P = 0.03) with lower concentrations (P = 0.05) and increased heart rate (P = 0.003) post-session. Regarding coping skills, improvements were observed post-session in assertiveness (P = 0.008). Skill development coupled with reduced anxiety supports the potential benefits short-term equine interaction can offer students during the high stress periods, but these findings should be confirmed with more in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Everett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - M M Friend
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Farnlacher
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A Hilliard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - M C Nicodemus
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.
| | - C A Cavinder
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - K Holtcamp
- Office of Psychological Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, PO Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Jousan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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O'Shaughnessy J, Campone M, Andre F, Nusch A, Grischke EM, Villanueva C, Marschner N, Winer EP, Paluch-Shimon S, Rodriguez-Lorenc K, Hilliard A, Le Gac F, Ridolfi A, Hortobagyi GN. First-line (1L) ribociclib (RIB) plus letrozole (LET) for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC): MONALEESA-2 long-term safety results. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1078 Background: In the phase III MONALEESA-2 study (NCT01958021), 1L treatment (Tx) with RIB (cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) plus LET significantly prolonged PFS vs placebo (PBO) + LET in patients (pts) with HR+/HER2– ABC (HR 0.56; P<0.0001). In the primary publication (data cutoff, Jan 2016), the median duration of exposure was 13.0 mo (RIB + LET) and 12.4 mo (PBO + LET), and the most common all-grade adverse events (AEs) in the RIB + LET arm were neutropenia (74.3%), nausea (51.5%), infections (50.3%), fatigue (36.5%), and diarrhea (35.0%; Hortobagyi GN, et al. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1738-48). Here we present long-term safety data from MONALEESA-2. Methods: Pts received either RIB + LET (n=334) or PBO + LET (n=330). AEs were graded per CTCAE v4.03. Results: As of data cutoff (Oct 2018), 79 (24%) pts (RIB + LET) and 39 (12%) pts (PBO + LET) remained on Tx. The median duration of exposure was 20.2 mo (range, 0-54) for RIB + LET and 14.1 mo for PBO + LET, and 30% and 17%, respectively, had ≥ 36 mo of exposure. Neutropenia was the most common exposure-adjusted any-grade AE of special interest (AESI) in the RIB + LET arm (Table). AEs were the most common reason for RIB dose reductions (56.6%) and interruptions (73.4%). Discontinuations due to AEs occurred in 19.2% and 4.2% of pts in the RIB + LET and PBO + LET arms, respectively, and the most common AEs leading to discontinuation in the RIB + LET arm were increased ALT (4.5%), GI disorders (3.3%), and increased AST (2.7%). Prolonged QT led to dose interruption in 0.9% of patients (no discontinuations), and the additional follow-up did not reveal any sudden deaths related to prolonged QT interval beyond the 1 identified in the primary analysis. Conclusions: AEs occurring with 1L RIB + LET in postmenopausal pts with HR+/HER2– ABC were manageable and the safety profile was comparable to that in the primary report. Clinical trial information: NCT01958021. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Campone
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René Gauducheau, St Herblain, France
| | | | - Arnd Nusch
- Onkologische Praxis Velbert, Velbert, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Grischke
- Universitӓts-Frauenklinik Tubingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Annie Hilliard
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Le Gac
- Clinical Development & Analytics Global Drug Development-Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Ridolfi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Rueil-Malmaison, France
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Doctorian T, Kim H, Narasimha D, Khachatryan T, Desai A, Estevez D, Jutzy K, Hilliard A, Abudayyeh I, Stoletniy L, Baron P, Sakr A. Predictors of Systolic Heart Failure and Mortality Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Single-center Cohort. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Fleseriu M, Pivonello R, Young J, Hamrahian AH, Molitch ME, Shimizu C, Tanaka T, Shimatsu A, White T, Hilliard A, Tian C, Sauter N, Biller BMK, Bertagna X. Osilodrostat, a potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor: 22-week, prospective, Phase II study in Cushing's disease. Pituitary 2016; 19:138-48. [PMID: 26542280 PMCID: PMC4799251 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a 10-week proof-of-concept study (LINC 1), the potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor osilodrostat (LCI699) normalized urinary free cortisol (UFC) in 11/12 patients with Cushing's disease. The current 22-week study (LINC 2; NCT01331239) further evaluated osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease. METHODS Phase II, open-label, prospective study of two patient cohorts. Follow-up cohort: 4/12 patients previously enrolled in LINC 1, offered re-enrollment if baseline mean UFC was above ULN. Expansion cohort: 15 newly enrolled patients with baseline UFC > 1.5 × ULN. In the follow-up cohort, patients initiated osilodrostat twice daily at the penultimate efficacious/tolerable dose in LINC 1; dose was adjusted as needed. In the expansion cohort, osilodrostat was initiated at 4 mg/day (10 mg/day if baseline UFC > 3 × ULN), with dose escalated every 2 weeks to 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/day until UFC ≤ ULN. Main efficacy endpoint was the proportion of responders (UFC ≤ ULN or ≥50% decrease from baseline) at weeks 10 and 22. RESULTS Overall response rate was 89.5% (n/N = 17/19) at 10 weeks and 78.9% (n/N = 15/19) at 22 weeks; at week 22, all responding patients had UFC ≤ ULN. The most common AEs observed during osilodrostat treatment were nausea, diarrhea, asthenia, and adrenal insufficiency (n = 6 for each). New or worsening hirsutism (n = 2) and/or acne (n = 3) were reported among four female patients, all of whom had increased testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Osilodrostat treatment reduced UFC in all patients; 78.9% (n/N = 15/19) had normal UFC at week 22. Treatment with osilodrostat was generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Departments of Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jacques Young
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amir H Hamrahian
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Molitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-city, Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tracy White
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Annie Hilliard
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Chuan Tian
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Beverly M K Biller
- Neuroendocrine Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Bertagna
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Surrénale, Hôpital Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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Hilliard A, Stott C, Wright S, Guy G, Pryce G, Al-Izki S, Bolton C, Giovannoni G. Evaluation of the Effects of Sativex (THC BDS: CBD BDS) on Inhibition of Spasticity in a Chronic Relapsing Experimental Allergic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ISRN Neurol 2012; 2012:802649. [PMID: 22928118 PMCID: PMC3423911 DOI: 10.5402/2012/802649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antispasticity potential of Sativex in mice. Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in adult ABH mice resulting in hind limb spasticity development. Vehicle, Sativex, and baclofen (as a positive control) were injected intravenously and the “stiffness” of limbs assessed by the resistance force against hind limb flexion. Vehicle alone caused no significant change in spasticity. Baclofen (5 mg/kg) induced approximately a 40% peak reduction in spasticity. Sativex dose dependently reduced spasticity; 5 mg/kg THC + 5 mg/kg CBD induced approximately a 20% peak reduction; 10 mg/kg THC + 10 mg/kg CBD produced approximately a 40% peak reduction in spasticity. Sativex has the potential to reduce spasticity in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Baclofen reduced spasticity and served as a positive control. Sativex (10 mg/kg) was just as effective as baclofen, providing supportive evidence for Sativex use in the treatment of spasticity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hilliard
- GW Pharmaceutical PLc, Porton Down Science Park, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK
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Schoedel KA, Chen N, Hilliard A, White L, Stott C, Russo E, Wright S, Guy G, Romach MK, Sellers EM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the subjective abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols oromucosal spray in subjects with a history of recreational cannabis use. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011; 26:224-36. [PMID: 21671456 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols (Sativex, GW Pharma Ltd. Salisbury, UK), an oromucosal spray primarily containing delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). METHODS This was a single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, crossover study comparing nabiximols (4, 8, and 16 consecutive sprays: 10.8, 21.6, and 43.2 mg THC, respectively) with dronabinol 20 and 40 mg (synthetic THC: Marinol, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Brussels, Belgium) and matching placebos in 23 recreational cannabis users. Subjective and cognitive/psychomotor measures were administered over 24 h post‐dose. RESULTS Dronabinol was significantly different from placebo on abuse potential measures, thereby confirming study validity. Nabiximols 10.8 mg was not significantly different from placebo on primary measures but was different on some secondary measures. Nabiximols 21.6 mg was significantly greater than placebo on some primary/secondary measures, whereas nabiximols 43.2 mg showed significant effects on most measures. Nabiximols 10.8 mg was significantly lower than dronabinol doses on most measures ( p < 0.05). Dronabinol 20 mg effects were numerically higher than nabiximols 21.6 mg but were statistically significant only for some measures. Dronabinol 40 mg and nabiximols 43.2 mg were generally not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS Both dronabinol and nabiximols had significant abuse potential compared with placebo at higher doses. Nabiximols showed similar or slightly less abuse potential compared with dronabinol. Therefore, the abuse potential of nabiximols should be no higher than that of dronabinol.
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Hilliard A. Law for Doctors: Principles and Practicalities. Occup Med (Lond) 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kql165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hilliard A, Ramesh A, Zawia NH. Correlation between lead-induced changes in cerebral ornithine decarboxylase and protein kinase C activities during development and in cultured PC 12 cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 1999; 17:777-85. [PMID: 10593613 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(99)00065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) interferes with neurodevelopment and disturbs ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. ODC the key regulatory enzyme of the polyamine pathway, is a potential substrate for protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, we examined developmental changes in PKC activity and its relationship to ODC activity. Male rats were lactationally exposed to 0.2% Pb-acetate from birth to weaning. PKC and ODC activity were measured on postnatal days (PND) 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30. We found that the basal patterns of ODC and PKC activities resembled each other in both the neocortex and cerebellum and Pb-exposure attenuated both enzymes in a similar manner. To determine whether any link existed between these enzymes, ODC and PKC activities were induced to increase using nerve growth factor (NGF) in the presence and/or absence of ODC (difluoromethylornithine, DFMO) and PKC (staurosporine) inhibitors, in control and Pb-exposed Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. Staurosporine decreased both ODC activity and PKC activity, while DFMO had no effect on PKC activity. These data suggest that ODC may be regulated by PKC and that Pb-induced developmental alterations in ODC activity may be secondary to changes in the integrity of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hilliard
- Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Henning PY, Bruwer A, Hilliard A. Policy on the care of the mentally retarded. Curationis 1980; 3:5-9. [PMID: 6914916 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v3i3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
South Africa has always been intensely aware of those members of its population who suffer from mental retardation. Special provision was made for them in the Mental Disorders Act, 1916, and because there was no known form of therapy, they together with mentally disordered patients, were placed under the administration of the Department of the Interior. The earliest institutions were in fact called “Training Schools” and it is apparent that children were trained and to a certain extent educated since these contained their own schools and vocational workshops.
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