1
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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2
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Houston AD, Brunger H, White T, Ellis H, Dharm-Datta S, Brockman K, Ladlow P. Introducing heart rate variability technology into the UK defence mild traumatic brain injury service. BMJ Mil Health 2024; 170:78-79. [PMID: 35584851 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2022-002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Houston
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - H Brunger
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - T White
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - H Ellis
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Dharm-Datta
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Brockman
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - P Ladlow
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
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4
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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5
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Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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6
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Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
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7
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Mi X, Sonner M, Niu MY, Lee KW, Foxen B, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Debroy DM, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Harrigan MP, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Lee J, Laws L, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Newman M, O’Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shvarts V, Strain D, Su Y, Szalay M, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA, Roushan P. Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits. Science 2022; 378:785-790. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with
ℤ
2
parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Y. Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. W. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - F. Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J. C. Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J. Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P. Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L. Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R. Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Flores
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - W. Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A. G. Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T. Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S. Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Y. Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A. N. Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K.-M. Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W. Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M. McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - N. Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y. Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G. Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T. White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z. Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P. Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N. Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H. Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. A. Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Weeland C, Vriend C, Van Der Werf Y, Huyser C, Hillegers M, Tiemeier H, White T, De Joode N, Thompson P, Stein D, Van Den Heuvel O, Kasprzak S. The thalamus and its subregions – a gateway to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567138 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Higher thalamic volume has been found in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and children with clinical-level symptoms within the general population (Boedhoe et al. 2017, Weeland et al. 2021a). Functionally distinct thalamic nuclei are an integral part of OCD-relevant brain circuitry. Objectives We aimed to study the thalamic nuclei volume in relation to subclinical and clinical OCD across different age ranges. Understanding the role of thalamic nuclei and their associated circuits in pediatric OCD could lead towards treatment strategies specifically targeting these circuits. Methods We studied the relationship between thalamic nuclei and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in a large sample of school-aged children from the Generation R Study (N = 2500) (Weeland et al. 2021b). Using the data from the ENIGMA-OCD working group we conducted mega-analyses to study thalamic subregional volume in OCD across the lifespan in 2,649 OCD patients and 2,774 healthy controls across 29 sites (Weeland et al. 2021c). Thalamic nuclei were grouped into five subregions: anterior, ventral, intralaminar/medial, lateral and pulvinar (Figure 1). ![]()
Results Both children with subclinical and clinical OCD compared with controls show increased volume across multiple thalamic subregions. Adult OCD patients have decreased volume across all subregions (Figure 2), which was mostly driven by medicated and adult-onset patients. ![]()
Conclusions
Our results suggests that OCD-related thalamic volume differences are global and not driven by particular subregions and that the direction of effects are driven by both age and medication status. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Ryu B, White T, Shah K, Turpin J, Woo H. Abstract No. 235 Immediate effect of pipeline embolization on intracranial hemodynamics studied using non-invasive optimal vessel analysis software. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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10
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Cortes Hidalgo A, Tiemeier H, Bakermans‑Kranenburg M, White T, Banaschewski T, Van Ijzendoorn M, Holz N. No Consistent Evidence for Brain Volumetric Correlates of Resilience in Two Independent Cohort Studies. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9562396 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood adversities have been associated with long-lasting brain morphological differences and poor psychological outcomes over the lifespan. Evidence with regard to protective factors counteracting the detrimental effect of childhood adversity on neurobiology is scarce. Objectives Therefore, we examined the interplay of childhood adversity with multiple protective factors in relation to brain morphology in a child and an adult cohort. Methods We analyzed data from two epidemiological longitudinal birth cohorts, the Generation R Study (N=3,008) and the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS) (N=179). Cumulative exposure to 12 adverse events (such as physical and sexual abuse), and the presence of protective factors, including child temperament, cognition, self-esteem, friendship quality and maternal sensitivity were assessed at different time points during childhood. Anatomical scans were acquired at the ages of 9-11 years in Generation R and at 25 years in MARS. Results Childhood adversity was related to smaller global brain volumes in Generation R, with similar effect sizes observed for the cerebellar volume in MARS. While small interaction effects between adversity and protective factors were found on the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the cerebellum and the amygdala in either cohort study, no interactions were consistent across cohorts or survived correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions We found no consistent or strong evidence for interaction effects between multiple protective factors and childhood adversities on brain structure in a child and an adult cohort study. Instead, small interaction effects were found in either children or adults warranting further investigation and more fine-grained analyses. Disclosure TB:consultancy for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Novartis, Shire; conference support by Lilly, Medice, Novartis, Shire; clinical trials by Shire and Viforpharma; royalties by Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press
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Strandberg S, Brzozowski K, Daily M, Desjarlais C, Dougherty M, Hemsworth K, Mark K, Marsho J, Mora Gallegos L, Otten E, Schaefer C, Scheidt A, Strandberg S, Toth H, Vanderhoef K, Walesa A, White T. Shut the F(AAH) Up: Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase as a Novel Approach to Pain. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Daily
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - M. Dougherty
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - K. Hemsworth
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - K. Mark
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - J. Marsho
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - E. Otten
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - C. Schaefer
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - A. Scheidt
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - H. Toth
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | | | - A. Walesa
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
| | - T. White
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolWauwatosaWI
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12
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Weeland CJ, van den Heuvel OA, White T, Tiemeier H, Vriend C. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and resting-state functional characteristics in pre-adolescent children from the general population. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2715-2724. [PMID: 36319909 PMCID: PMC9712396 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
While functional brain characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder have been extensively studied, literature on network topology and subnetwork connectivity related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) is sparse. Here we investigated the functional brain characteristics of OCS in children from the general population using a multiscale approach. Since we previously observed OCS-related differences in thalamus morphology, we also focused on the network participation of thalamic subregions. The study included 1701 participants (9-12 years) from the population-based Generation R study. OCS were measured using the Short Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Screener. We studied the brain network at multiple scales: global network topology, subnetwork connectivity and network participation of thalamic nodes (pre-registration: https://osf.io/azr9c ). Modularity, small-worldness and average participation coefficient were calculated on the global scale. We used a data-driven consensus community approach to extract a partition of five subnetworks involving thalamic subregions and calculate the within- and between-subnetwork functional connectivity and topology. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to model the relationship between OCS and functional brain measures. No significant associations were found when using our preregistered definition of probable OCS. However, post-hoc analyses showed that children endorsing at least one OCS (compared with controls) had higher modularity, lower connectivity between frontoparietal, limbic and visual networks as well as altered participation of the lateral prefrontal thalamus node. Our results suggest that network characteristics of OCS in children from the general population are partly symptom-specific and severity-dependent. Thorough assessment of symptom dimensions can deepen our understanding of OCS-related brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cees J Weeland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Dept. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 8, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T White
- Dept. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 8, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Vriend
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ng ZH, Downie S, Makaram N, Kolhe S, Mackenzie S, Clement N, Duckworth A, White T. 663 A Multi-centre National Study of the Effectiveness of Virtual Fracture Clinic Management of Orthopaedic Trauma during the COVID-19 Pandemic (MAVCOV): A Cross-sectional Study Protocol. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524507 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Virtual fracture clinics (VFCs) are advocated by recent British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOASTs) to efficiently manage injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of this national study is to assess the impact of these standards on patient satisfaction and clinical outcome amid the pandemic. The secondary aims are to determine the impact of the pandemic on demographics of injuries presenting to the VFC and to compare outcomes and satisfaction when the BOAST guidelines were first introduced with a subsequent period when local practice would be familiar with these guidelines. Method This is a national cross-sectional cohort study comprising centres with VFC services across the United Kingdom. All consecutive adult patients assessed at VFC pre-lockdown (6 May 2019 to 19 May 2019) and at the peak of the first lockdown (4 May 2020 to 17 May 2020), and a randomly selected sample during the second wave (October 2020) will be eligible for the study. Data comprising local VFC practice, patient and injury characteristics, unplanned re-attendances, and complications will be collected. A telephone questionnaire will be used to determine patient satisfaction and patient-reported outcomes for patients who were discharged following VFC assessment without face-to-face consultation. Results As of 31 October 2020, 51 hospitals with VFC services have been recruited to participate in this study. Conclusions The study results will identify changes in case-mix and numbers of patients managed through VFCs, due to urgent necessity, and whether this is safe and is associated with patient satisfaction to inform future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Ng
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Downie
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - N Makaram
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Kolhe
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - S Mackenzie
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Clement
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Duckworth
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T White
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Sammallahti S, Tiemeier H, Louwen S, Steegers E, Hillegers M, Jaddoe VWV, White T. Fetal-placental blood flow and neurodevelopment in childhood: population-based neuroimaging study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 58:245-253. [PMID: 32851732 PMCID: PMC8457176 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antenatal Doppler measurements of the fetal umbilical and cerebral circulations can predict perinatal complications; however, it is unclear if subtle variations in antenatal Doppler measurements are associated with long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. In this study, we examined whether antenatal Doppler measurements of the fetal-placental circulation are associated with cognitive and motor abilities and brain morphology in childhood. METHODS To evaluate differences in long-term sequelae across the continuum of the umbilical and cerebral artery circulations in the general population, we utilized a population-based longitudinal cohort study approach. In women from the Generation R study, we measured second- and third-trimester umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI). Children underwent non-verbal intelligence testing at 4-8 years of age, and at 8-12 years they underwent finger-tapping tests to measure fine motor skills, balance beam tests to measure gross motor skills and brain magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed the relationships between prenatal UA-PI and neurodevelopmental outcome using linear regression. We adjusted for child age and sex, maternal age, education, parity and smoking status. RESULTS The study sample included 2803 pregnancies. Higher third-trimester UA-PI was associated with poorer fine motor performance (0.41 (95% CI, 0.11-0.70) fewer taps on the finger-tapping test per 1 SD higher UA-PI) and gross motor performance (0.64 (95% CI, 0.20-1.08) fewer steps on the balance beam test per 1 SD higher UA-PI). One SD higher third-trimester UA-PI was also associated with 0.65 (95% CI, 0.04-1.25) points lower intelligence quotient; however, unlike the associations with motor abilities, this finding did not persist after correction for multiple testing. Higher second-trimester UA-PI was associated with smaller brain volume (6.1 (95% CI, 1.0-11.3) cm3 reduction per 1 SD higher UA-PI), but the association did not persist after correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSION Higher placental vascular resistance may have mild adverse effects on neurodevelopmental outcome at school age. While these effects are subtle at population level, we encourage future research into the role of early circulation in brain development. This information could be used to develop targeted interventions. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sammallahti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - H. Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - S. Louwen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - V. W. V. Jaddoe
- Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - T. White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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15
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McCann C, Powell-Bowns M, Duckworth A, White T. 989 Improving the Completion of Hospital Anticipatory Care Plans in Orthopaedic Trauma Wards During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8135667 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Hospital Anticipatory Care Plan (HACP). New guidance recommends all patients admitted acutely to hospital should have a HACP completed within 24 hours. We aimed to assess how many orthopaedic trauma patients admitted to the study centre had HACP completed within 24 hours of admission.
Method
Departmental Quality Improvement Project (QIP) permission was granted, and standard audit protocol was utilised. Data were collected in a retrospective manner using our trauma database and online patient record system. Educational interventions including staff teaching sessions and dissemination of infographic posters were implemented. Cycle two was repeated in similar fashion.
Results
Cycle one (50 patients): 37/50(74%) had HACPs completed. Of those with HACPs, 18/37(49%) were completed within 24 hours. Median time to completion was 45.3 hours (range 0.4-275.1 hours). Cycle two (58 patients): HACP completion significantly improved (56/58, 97%; p < 0.01), with more completed within 24 hours (50/56, 89%; p < 0.01). The median time to completion was decreased to 4.92 hours (range 0.27-60.6; p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Unit compliance was initially poor however significantly improved with educational measures. Failing to identify ceilings of care early can result in difficult decisions having to be made in critical situations, risking suboptimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McCann
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Powell-Bowns
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Duckworth
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T White
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Fakkel M, Peeters M, Lugtig P, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg MAJ, Blok E, White T, van der Meulen M, Kevenaar ST, Willemsen G, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Schmengler H, Branje S, Vollebergh WAM. Testing sampling bias in estimates of adolescent social competence and behavioral control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100872. [PMID: 33142133 PMCID: PMC7642800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In 5 of the 6 large Dutch developmental cohorts investigated here, lower SES adolescents are underrepresented and higher SES adolescents overrepresented. With former studies clearly revealing differences between SES strata in adolescent social competence and behavioral control, this misrepresentation may contribute to an overestimation of normative adolescent competence. Using a raking procedure, we used national census statistics to weigh the cohorts to be more representative of the Dutch population. Contrary to our expectations, in all cohorts, little to no differences between SES strata were found in the two outcomes. Accordingly, no differences between weighted and unweighted mean scores were observed across all cohorts. Furthermore, no clear change in correlations between social competence and behavioral control was found. These findings are most probably explained by the fact that measures of SES in the samples were quite limited, and the low SES participants in the cohorts could not be considered as representative of the low SES groups in the general population. Developmental outcomes associated with SES may be affected by a raking procedure in other cohorts that have a sufficient number and sufficient variation of low SES adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fakkel
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Peeters
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Lugtig
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Blok
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T White
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S T Kevenaar
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Willemsen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmengler
- Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Branje
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Koenraads SPC, van der Schroeff MP, van Ingen G, Lamballais S, Tiemeier H, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, White T, Franken MC, Muetzel RL. Structural brain differences in pre-adolescents who persist in and recover from stuttering. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102334. [PMID: 32650280 PMCID: PMC7341447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain (micro-)structural differences were found in pre-adolescents who stutter. Persistency was associated with marginally smaller left frontal gray matter volume. Recovery was associated with higher mean diffusivity in white matter tracts. Distinct brain structures implicated in persistence and recovery of stuttering.
Background Stuttering is a complex speech fluency disorder occurring in childhood. In young children, stuttering has been associated with speech-related auditory and motor areas of the brain. During transition into adolescence, the majority of children who stutter (75–80%) will experience remission of their symptoms. The current study evaluated brain (micro-)structural differences between pre-adolescents who persisted in stuttering, those who recovered, and fluently speaking controls. Methods This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort in the Netherlands of children followed from pregnancy onwards. Neuroimaging was performed in 2211 children (mean age: 10 years, range 8–12), of whom 20 persisted in and 77 recovered from stuttering. Brain structure (e.g., gray matter) and microstructure (e.g., diffusion tensor imaging) differences between groups were tested using multiple linear regression. Results Pre-adolescents who persisted in stuttering had marginally lower left superior frontal gray matter volume compared to those with no history of stuttering (β −1344, 95%CI −2407;-280), and those who recovered (β −1825, 95%CI −2999;-650). Pre-adolescents who recovered, compared to those with no history of stuttering, had higher mean diffusivity in the forceps major (β 0.002, 95%CI 0.001;0.004), bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi (β 0.001, 95%CI 0.000;0.001), left corticospinal tract (β 0.003, 95%CI 0.002;0.004), and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (β 0.001, 95%CI 0.000;0.001). Conclusion Findings suggest that relatively small difference in prefrontal gray matter volume is associated with persistent stuttering, and alterations in white matter tracts are apparent in individuals who recovered. The findings further strengthen the potential relevance of brain (micro-)structure in persistence and recovery from stuttering in pre-adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P C Koenraads
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M P van der Schroeff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G van Ingen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M C Franken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R L Muetzel
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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White T, Langen C, Schmidt M, Hough M, James A. Comparative Neuropsychiatry: White Matter Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:There is considerable evidence that white matter abnormalities play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Few studies, however, have compared white matter abnormalities early in the course of the illness.Methods:A total of 102 children and adolescents participated in the study, including 43 with early-onset schizophrenia, 13 with early-onset bipolar affective disorder, 17 with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 29 healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging scans were obtained on all children and the images were assessed for the presence of non-spatially overlapping regions of white matter differences, a novel algorithm known as the pothole approach.Results:Patients with early-onset schizophrenia and early-onset bipolar affective disorder had a significantly greater number of white matter potholes compared to controls, but the total number of potholes did not differ between the two groups. The volumes of the potholes were significantly larger in patients with early-onset bipolar affective disorder compared to the early-onset schizophrenia group. Children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed no differences in the total number of white matter potholes compared to controls.Conclusions:White matter abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are more global in nature, whereas children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder do not show widespread differences in FA.
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Disher N, Robertson T, Duncan S, Grainger S, Ahn K, Hay C, Leighs T, Palmer J, Lim J, White T, Pemberton J, Iosua E, Hancox B, Coffey S. A061 Exercise Stress Echocardiography as Predictor for Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Single Centre Retrospective Study. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Watts PI, White T, Rae T, Agu C, Markaki A. Sustaining global partnerships for simulation integration: lessons from the field. Int Nurs Rev 2019; 67:168-172. [PMID: 31777078 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A reciprocal partnership between two World Health Organization Collaborating Centers in the Americas region aimed to strengthen nursing and midwifery education through innovative integration of high-fidelity simulation. METHODS/IMPLEMENTATION Immersion of a visiting scholar in six-week training within a North American nursing school (host) solidified simulation champion designation, upon return at the home institution. Next, two expert nursing faculty implemented a train-the-trainer simulation course on-site. Following evaluation and virtual debriefing, a midwifery faculty visited the host institution for second-round training. CONCLUSION This ongoing program targets faculty development needs through a strong academic partnership, built upon global awareness and sustainable engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Watts
- Clinical Simulation and Training, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T White
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T Rae
- School of Nursing, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - C Agu
- School of Nursing, University of West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - A Markaki
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Barends R, Quintana CM, Petukhov AG, Chen Y, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Collins R, Naaman O, Boixo S, Arute F, Arya K, Buell D, Burkett B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Foxen B, Fowler A, Gidney C, Giustina M, Graff R, Huang T, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Klimov PV, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Lucero E, McEwen M, Megrant A, Mi X, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, Ostby E, Roushan P, Sank D, Satzinger KJ, Vainsencher A, White T, Yao J, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Neven H, Smelyanskiy VN, Martinis JM. Diabatic Gates for Frequency-Tunable Superconducting Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:210501. [PMID: 31809160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate diabatic two-qubit gates with Pauli error rates down to 4.3(2)×10^{-3} in as fast as 18 ns using frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. This is achieved by synchronizing the entangling parameters with minima in the leakage channel. The synchronization shows a landscape in gate parameter space that agrees with model predictions and facilitates robust tune-up. We test both iswap-like and cphase gates with cross-entropy benchmarking. The presented approach can be extended to multibody operations as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barends
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - R Collins
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Buell
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P V Klimov
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Kostritsa
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Landhuis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Ostby
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Yao
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - John M Martinis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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22
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Rose Vineer H, Baber P, White T, Morgan ER. Reduced egg shedding in nematode-resistant ewes and projected epidemiological benefits under climate change. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:901-910. [PMID: 31585121 PMCID: PMC6866873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exlana breed ewes were monitored for gastrointestinal nematodes during the peri-parturient period. Ewes selected for resistance when lambs produced fewer eggs as adults. There was no observed reproductive cost to resistance. Simulations predict that lambs of resistant ewes are exposed to reduced infection pressure. Nematode resistance in the female line could help mitigate the impact of climate change on infection pressure.
Global livestock production is facing serious new challenges, including climate-driven changes in parasite epidemiology, and anthelmintic resistance, driving a need for non-chemotherapeutic methods of parasite control. Selecting for genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection could reduce reliance on chemical intervention and mitigate increases in parasite challenge due to climate change. Ewes of the composite Exlana breed with a range of estimated breeding values (EBVs) based on nematode faecal egg counts (FECs) were monitored during the peri-parturient period on two farms in southwestern England. Ewes with low EBVs (“resistant”) had lower FECs during the peri-parturient period than those with high EBVs (“susceptible”): the mean FEC was reduced by 23% and 34% on Farms 1 and 2, respectively, while the peak FEC was reduced by 30% and 37%, respectively. Neither EBV nor FEC were correlated with key performance indicators (estimated milk yield, measured indirectly using 8 week lamb weight, and ewe weight loss during lactation). Simulations predict that the reduced FECs of resistant ewes would result in a comparable reduction in infection pressure (arising from eggs shed by ewes) for their lambs. Furthermore, although the reduced FECs observed were modest, simulations predicted that selecting for nematode resistance in ewes could largely offset predicted future climate-driven increases in pasture infectivity arising from eggs contributed by these ewes. Selective breeding of the maternal line for nematode resistance therefore has potential epidemiological benefits by reducing pasture infectivity early in the grazing season and alleviating the need for anthelmintic treatment of ewes during the peri-parturient period, thus reducing selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance. These benefits are magnified under predicted future climate change. The maternal line warrants more attention in selective breeding programmes for nematode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rose Vineer
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - P Baber
- Sheep Improved Genetics Ltd., Jersey Farm, Devonshire Gate, Tiverton EX16 7EJ, UK
| | - T White
- Sheep Improved Genetics Ltd., Jersey Farm, Devonshire Gate, Tiverton EX16 7EJ, UK
| | - E R Morgan
- Veterinary Parasitology and Ecology Group, Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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23
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Greene J, Messer M, White T. A-32 Interpreting Change on the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz034.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) is a comprehensive, modular battery of neuropsychological tests assessing of a wide array of cognitive skills and functions in adults. The purpose of the current study is to provide additional statistical evidence to support interpretation of NAB score changes over time.
Method
Participants were healthy community-dwelling adults, ages 18 to 97 years, from the NAB standardization sample that was assessed on the NAB a second time (n = 95). Reliable change index scores were calculated for the five domain indexes and the total index at several levels of significance. Base rates of score differences between Time 1 and Time 2 were examined.
Results
Across the indexes, significant score differences (at p < .05) ranged from 17 to 28 standard score points for adults (ages 18 to 59 years) and from 13 to 23 standard score points for older adults (ages 60 to 97 years). Approximately 67-89% of adult participants had Time 1 and Time 2 scores within 1 standard deviation (SD) of each other, while older adults ranged from 73-97%. Only 0-4% of adults and older adults had a large decline on any score (greater than 2 SDs). 1-2% of adults and 3-5% of older adults had a large improvement on any score (greater than 2 SDs).
Conclusions
These data allow clinicians to determine the statistical significance of NAB score differences, as well as quantify the frequency of the observed differences.
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Koenraads SPC, El Marroun H, Muetzel RL, Chang SE, Vernooij MW, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, White T, Franken MC, van der Schroeff MP. Stuttering and gray matter morphometry: A population-based neuroimaging study in young children. Brain Lang 2019; 194:121-131. [PMID: 31085031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stuttering is a developmental speech disorder originating in early childhood. We aimed to replicate the association of stuttering and structural morphometry using a large, population-based prospective cohort, the Generation R Study, and explore the neurobiological mechanism of stuttering in children. Twenty-six children with a history of stuttering and 489 fluent speaking peers (ages 6-9) were included in the MRI sub-study. Cortical and subcortical regions of interest were analyzed using linear regression models. Compared to fluent speakers, children with a history of stuttering had less gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area. Exploratory surface-based brain analysis showed thinner cortex in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and in bilateral frontal and parietal areas. These findings corroborate previous studies that reported aberrant brain morphometry in speech motor and auditory regions in children who stutter. Future research is needed to explore the causal nature of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P C Koenraads
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R L Muetzel
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S E Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M W Vernooij
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T White
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M C Franken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M P van der Schroeff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Smith E, Stasenko M, Rao T, Feit N, de Stanchina E, White T, Weigelt B, Lorenz I, Spriggs D. Blocking metastatic behavior of MUC16/CA-125-expressing cancer by targeting galectin-3. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Dremmen MHG, Bouhuis RH, Blanken LME, Muetzel RL, Vernooij MW, Marroun HE, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:340-346. [PMID: 30679220 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cavum septum pellucidum, a cavity filled with CSF, is localized between the 2 lateral ventricles of the brain. The cavum is present in all neonates, but it typically closes within 5 months after birth. In some cases, this closure does not occur and a persistent or enlarged cavum septum pellucidum has been linked, in some studies, to psychiatric disorders. However, the clinical relevance in the general population is unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between the cavum septum pellucidum and volumes of brain structures, cognitive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. MR imaging studies of 1070 children, 6-10 years of age, were systematically evaluated for the presence and length of a persistent cavum septum pellucidum. An enlarged cavum septum pellucidum was defined as a cavum length of ≥6 mm. Groups without, with persistent, and with enlarged cavum septi pellucidi were compared for brain structure volumes, nonverbal intelligence, and emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS The prevalence of cavum septi pellucidi in our sample was 4.6%. Children with an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum had a larger corpus callosum, greater thalamic and total white matter-to-total brain volume ratio, and smaller lateral ventricle volumes. We did not find a relationship between cavum septi pellucidi and cognitive function or emotional and behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS The cavum septum pellucidum is a normal structural brain variation without clinical implications in this population-based sample of school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H G Dremmen
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
| | - R H Bouhuis
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
| | - L M E Blanken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R L Muetzel
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Vernooij
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
| | - H E Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Generation R Study Group (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M.), Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- Epidemiology (R.L.M., M.W.V., V.W.V.J.)
- Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine (F.C.V.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
- Harvard School of Public Health (H.T.), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T White
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.G.D., R.H.B., M.W.V., T.W.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (L.M.E.B., R.L.M., H.E.M., F.C.V., H.T., T.W.)
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27
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Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Zalesky A, Kochunov P, Agartz I, Alloza C, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaj N, Bouix S, Bousman CA, Brouwer RM, Bruggemann J, Bustillo J, Cahn W, Calhoun V, Cannon D, Carr V, Catts S, Chen J, Chen JX, Chen X, Chiapponi C, Cho KK, Ciullo V, Corvin AS, Crespo-Facorro B, Cropley V, De Rossi P, Diaz-Caneja CM, Dickie EW, Ehrlich S, Fan FM, Faskowitz J, Fatouros-Bergman H, Flyckt L, Ford JM, Fouche JP, Fukunaga M, Gill M, Glahn DC, Gollub R, Goudzwaard ED, Guo H, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gurholt TP, Hashimoto R, Hatton SN, Henskens FA, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Hong LE, Horacek J, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hyde CL, Isaev D, Jablensky A, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jönsson EG, Jung LA, Kahn RS, Kikinis Z, Liu K, Klauser P, Knöchel C, Kubicki M, Lagopoulos J, Langen C, Lawrie S, Lenroot RK, Lim KO, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Lyall A, Magnotta V, Mandl RCW, Mathalon DH, McCarley RW, McCarthy-Jones S, McDonald C, McEwen S, McIntosh A, Melicher T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Michie PT, Mowry B, Mueller BA, Newell DT, O'Donnell P, Oertel-Knöchel V, Oestreich L, Paciga SA, Pantelis C, Pasternak O, Pearlson G, Pellicano GR, Pereira A, Pineda Zapata J, Piras F, Potkin SG, Preda A, Rasser PE, Roalf DR, Roiz R, Roos A, Rotenberg D, Satterthwaite TD, Savadjiev P, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seal ML, Seidman LJ, Shannon Weickert C, Whelan CD, Shenton ME, Kwon JS, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Sprooten E, Stäblein M, Stein DJ, Sundram S, Tan Y, Tan S, Tang S, Temmingh HS, Westlye LT, Tønnesen S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Doan NT, Vaidya J, van Haren NEM, Vargas CD, Vecchio D, Velakoulis D, Voineskos A, Voyvodic JQ, Wang Z, Wan P, Wei D, Weickert TW, Whalley H, White T, Whitford TJ, Wojcik JD, Xiang H, Xie Z, Yamamori H, Yang F, Yao N, Zhang G, Zhao J, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Thompson PM, Donohoe G. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1261-1269. [PMID: 29038599 PMCID: PMC5984078 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA. E-mail:
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - A Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Alloza
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bruggemann
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Bustillo
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V Calhoun
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - V Carr
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Catts
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - J Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J-x Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Chen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kl K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - V Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A S Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - V Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P De Rossi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Department NESMOS, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University ‘Sapienza’ of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C M Diaz-Caneja
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - E W Dickie
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C.G. Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - F-m Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - H Fatouros-Bergman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Flyckt
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J M Ford
- University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-P Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Gill
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Gollub
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E D Goudzwaard
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S N Hatton
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F A Henskens
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - I B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L E Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C L Hyde
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Isaev
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - A Jablensky
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P R Jansen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Janssen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E G Jönsson
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L A Jung
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Liu
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - P Klauser
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - M Kubicki
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast QLD, Australia, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Langen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Lawrie
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R K Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Mood Disorder Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Mathalon
- University of California, VAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - S McCarthy-Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - T Melicher
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R I Mesholam-Gately
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P T Michie
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D T Newell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P O'Donnell
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - L Oestreich
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S A Paciga
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Centre for Neural Engineering (CfNE), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - O Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G R Pellicano
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - F Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - S G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P E Rasser
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Roiz
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain,CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - A Roos
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Rotenberg
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Savadjiev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - U Schall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M L Seal
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Shannon Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - M E Shenton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J S Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Spaniel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Sprooten
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Stäblein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Psychiatry and MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Sundram
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S Tang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - H S Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain,Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C D Vargas
- Research Group in Psychiatry (GIPSI), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - D Velakoulis
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Q Voyvodic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - P Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - D Wei
- Luoyang Fifth People's Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - T W Weickert
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Whalley
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T White
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Whitford
- University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J D Wojcik
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess, Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Xiang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Xie
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - F Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - N Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University and Key Laboratory for Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - G Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Vakharia P, Chopra R, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu D, Simpson E, Silverberg J. 成年异位性皮炎患者中的五种患者报告结果的严重性等级. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vakharia P, Chopra R, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu D, Simpson E, Silverberg J. Severity strata for five patient‐reported outcomes in adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roushan P, Neill C, Tangpanitanon J, Bastidas VM, Megrant A, Barends R, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler A, Foxen B, Giustina M, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Lucero E, Mutus J, Neeley M, Quintana C, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White T, Neven H, Angelakis DG, Martinis J. Spectroscopic signatures of localization with interacting photons in superconducting qubits. Science 2018; 358:1175-1179. [PMID: 29191906 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantized eigenenergies and their associated wave functions provide extensive information for predicting the physics of quantum many-body systems. Using a chain of nine superconducting qubits, we implement a technique for resolving the energy levels of interacting photons. We benchmark this method by capturing the main features of the intricate energy spectrum predicted for two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field-the Hofstadter butterfly. We introduce disorder to study the statistics of the energy levels of the system as it undergoes the transition from a thermalized to a localized phase. Our work introduces a many-body spectroscopy technique to study quantum phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Tangpanitanon
- Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V M Bastidas
- Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Y Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Kelly
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - T White
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D G Angelakis
- Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT), National University of Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - J Martinis
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu DY, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI. Severity strata for five patient-reported outcomes in adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:925-930. [PMID: 29048751 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patient-reported outcomes have been used to assess the burden of atopic dermatitis (AD). Some are disease specific, such as the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), while others pertain to itch, for example the numerical rating scale (NRS)-itch, ItchyQoL and 5-D itch, or dermatological disease in general, for example the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Development of severity strata is essential for proper interpretability of these assessments. OBJECTIVES To confirm previously developed strata for POEM, DLQI and raw ItchyQoL, and develop strata for the NRS-itch, mean ItchyQoL and 5-D itch scale for use in adults with AD. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 210 adults with AD in a dermatology practice setting. Strata were selected using an anchoring approach based on patient-reported disease severity. RESULTS We confirmed the existing strata for POEM (mild 0-7, moderate 8-16, severe 17-28; κ = 0·440), DLQI (mild 0-5, moderate 6-10, severe 11-30; κ = 0·398) and NRS-itch (mild 0-3, moderate 4-6, severe 7-10; κ = 0·499). However, the preferred band for raw ItchyQoL was mild 22-58, moderate 59-74 and severe 75-110 (κ = 0·379) and for mean ItchyQoL, mild 1-2·9, moderate 3·0-3·9, severe 4·0-5·0 (κ = 0·374). The preferred band for 5-D itch scale was mild 0-11, moderate 12-17 and severe 18-25 (κ = 0·331). CONCLUSIONS Existing strata for POEM and DLQI performed well in adult AD. Previously reported strata for visual analogue scale-itch performed best for NRS-itch. We identified banding for the raw ItchyQoL for our AD population that varies slightly from the banding published for a more heterogeneous population. Finally, we proposed strata for mean ItchyQoL and 5-D itch scale in adult AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Vakharia
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - R Chopra
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - R Sacotte
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - N Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - S Immaneni
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - T White
- Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - R Kantor
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - D Y Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - E L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - J I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
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Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu DY, Silverberg JI. Validation of patient-reported global severity of atopic dermatitis in adults. Allergy 2018; 73:451-458. [PMID: 28905999 DOI: 10.1111/all.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with a heterogeneous presentation and clinical course. There is a lack of simple and validated severity assessments that are feasible for clinical practice and epidemiological research. OBJECTIVES We sought to validate patient-reported global AD severity in adults. METHODS We performed a prospective dermatology practice-based study using questionnaires and evaluation by a dermatologist (n = 265). RESULTS At baseline and follow-up, patient-reported global AD severity significantly correlated with oSCORAD (Spearman ρ = 0.56 and 0.49), SCORAD (0.64 and 0.56), EASI (0.56 and 0.50), BSA (0.52 and 0.45), NRS-itch (0.60 and 0.53), POEM (0.50 and 0.48), and DLQI (0.50 and 0.49) (P < .0001 for all). Patient-reported moderate and severe AD vs mild AD were associated with significantly higher oSCORAD, SCORAD, EASI, BSA, NRS-itch, POEM, and DLQI (P < .0001 for all). There was moderate concordance between patient-reported AD severity (mild, moderate, and severe) and previously developed severity strata for oSCORAD (κ = 0.39), SCORAD (κ = 0.47), EASI (κ = 0.37), NRS-itch (κ = 0.49), POEM (κ = 0.37), and DLQI (κ = 0.40). Among patients with severe disease at baseline, those who reported mild or moderate disease on follow-up had significantly greater absolute reductions of oSCORAD (-23.4/-9.7/-1.8), SCORAD (-33.0/-13.2/-2.3), EASI (-17.1/-9.8/-3.2), BSA (-46%/-15%/-4%), NRS-itch (-5/-2/0), POEM (-5/-2/0), and DLQI (-8/-6/-1) than those who continued to report severe disease (Kruskal-Wallis, P ≤ .0003 for all). CONCLUSIONS Patient-reported AD severity appears to be sufficiently valid for assessing AD severity in the clinical and epidemiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Vakharia
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - R. Chopra
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - R. Sacotte
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - N. Patel
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - S. Immaneni
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - T. White
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - R. Kantor
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - D. Y. Hsu
- Department of Dermatology; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
| | - J. I. Silverberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences; Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
- Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center; Chicago IL USA
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White T, Marriott S. Using evidence-based dissemination and implementation strategies to improve routine communication between general practitioners and community mental health teams. Psychiatr bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.28.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodTo improve the quality of written communication between general practitioners (GPs) and community mental health team (CMHT) members concerning patients newly referred to two inner-city CMHTs. Following a benchmark audit of a random sample of referral and assessment letters, locally agreed good practice protocols were shared widely, accompanied by a dissemination and implementation strategy.ResultsSignificant improvements occurred in both GP and CMHT letters; these were most dramatic after 1 year, but tailed off considerably in the second year despite continued efforts to implement the protocols' standards.Clinical ImplicationsPlanned dissemination and implementation strategies can help to improve routine clinical communication between CMHTs and GPs through the use of good practice protocols, thus improving shared working between primary and secondary care providers.
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Chopra R, Vakharia P, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu D, Silverberg J. Severity strata for Eczema Area and Severity Index (
EASI
), modified
EASI
, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (
SCORAD
), objective
SCORAD
, Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index and body surface area in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1316-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chopra
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - P.P. Vakharia
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - R. Sacotte
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - N. Patel
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - S. Immaneni
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - T. White
- Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center Chicago IL U.S.A
| | - R. Kantor
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - D.Y. Hsu
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
| | - J.I. Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 U.S.A
- Northwestern Medicine Multidisciplinary Eczema Center Chicago IL U.S.A
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Kim Y, White T, Wijndaele K, Sharp SJ, Wareham NJ, Brage S. Adiposity and grip strength as long-term predictors of objectively measured physical activity in 93 015 adults: the UK Biobank study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1361-1368. [PMID: 28529332 PMCID: PMC5578433 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fatness and fitness are associated with physical activity (PA) but less is known about the prospective associations of adiposity and muscle strength with PA. This study aimed to determine longitudinal associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and grip strength (GS) with objectively measured PA. Subjects/Methods: Data are from the UK Biobank study. At baseline (2006–2010), BMI, WC and GS were objectively measured. At follow-up (2013–2015), a sub-sample of 93 015 participants (52 161 women) wore a tri-axial accelerometer on the dominant wrist for 7 days. Linear regression was performed to investigate longitudinal associations of standardised BMI, WC and GS at baseline with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and acceleration after a median 5.7-years follow-up (interquartile range: 4.9–6.5 years). Results: Linear regression revealed strong inverse associations for BMI and WC, and positive associations for GS with follow-up PA; in women, MVPA ranges from lowest to highest quintiles of GS were 42–48 min day−1 in severely obese (BMI⩾35 kg m−2), 52–57 min day−1 in obese (30⩽BMI<35 kg m−2), 61–65 min day−1 in overweight (25⩽BMI<30 kg m−2) and 69–75 min day−1 in normal weight (18.5⩽BMI<25 kg m−2). Follow-up MVPA was also lower in the lowest GS quintile (42–69 min day−1) compared with the highest GS quintile (48–75 min day−1) across BMI categories in women. The pattern of these associations was generally consistent for men, and in analyses using WC and mean acceleration as exposure and outcome, respectively. Conclusions: More pronounced obesity and poor strength at baseline independently predict lower activity levels at follow-up. Interventions and policies should aim to improve body composition and muscle strength to promote active living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - T White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Sacotte R, Vakharia P, Chopra R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu D, Simpson E, Silverberg J. 383 Establishing severity strata for 5 different patient-reported outcomes in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chopra R, Vakharia P, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, Kantor R, Hsu D, Silverberg J. 394 Comparison of EASI and objective-SCORAD assessments in adult atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sank D, Chen Z, Khezri M, Kelly J, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Y, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Fowler A, Jeffrey E, Lucero E, Megrant A, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, O'Malley PJJ, Quintana C, Roushan P, Vainsencher A, White T, Wenner J, Korotkov AN, Martinis JM. Measurement-Induced State Transitions in a Superconducting Qubit: Beyond the Rotating Wave Approximation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:190503. [PMID: 27858439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.190503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many superconducting qubit systems use the dispersive interaction between the qubit and a coupled harmonic resonator to perform quantum state measurement. Previous works have found that such measurements can induce state transitions in the qubit if the number of photons in the resonator is too high. We investigate these transitions and find that they can push the qubit out of the two-level subspace, and that they show resonant behavior as a function of photon number. We develop a theory for these observations based on level crossings within the Jaynes-Cummings ladder, with transitions mediated by terms in the Hamiltonian that are typically ignored by the rotating wave approximation. We find that the most important of these terms comes from an unexpected broken symmetry in the qubit potential. We confirm the theory by measuring the photon occupation of the resonator when transitions occur while varying the detuning between the qubit and resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sank
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Mostafa Khezri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Campbell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P J J O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | - T White
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - Alexander N Korotkov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - John M Martinis
- Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
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Mulhauser K, Van Patten R, Merz Z, Farney M, White T, Wenzel K, Weinstock J. B-51Differential Relationships Among Speeded Neuropsychological Test Performance and Facets of Impulsivity in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw043.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Swanson AM, Mehta V, Ofir K, Rowe M, Rossi C, Ginsberg Y, Griffin H, Barker H, White T, Boyd M, David AL. The use of ultrasound to assess fetal growth in a guinea pig model of fetal growth restriction. Lab Anim 2016; 51:181-190. [PMID: 27118731 DOI: 10.1177/0023677216637506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common and potentially severe pregnancy complication. Currently there is no treatment available. The guinea pig is an attractive model of human pregnancy as placentation is morphologically very similar between the species. Nutrient restriction of the dam creates growth-restricted fetuses while leaving an intact uteroplacental circulation, vital for evaluating novel therapies for FGR. Growth-restricted fetuses were generated by feeding Dunkin Hartley guinea pig dams 70% of ad libitum intake from four weeks before and throughout pregnancy. The effect of maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) on dams and fetuses was carefully monitored, and ultrasound measurements of pups collected. There was no difference in maternal weight at conception, however by five weeks post conception MNR dams were significantly lighter ( P < 0.05). MNR resulted in significantly smaller pup size from 0.6-0.66 gestation. Ultrasound is a powerful non-invasive tool for assessing the effect of therapeutic interventions on fetal growth, allowing longitudinal measurement of fetuses. This model and method yield data applicable to the human condition without the need for animal sacrifice and will be useful in the translation of therapies for FGR into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Swanson
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - V Mehta
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,2 Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - K Ofir
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - M Rowe
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - C Rossi
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Y Ginsberg
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - H Griffin
- 3 BSU, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - H Barker
- 3 BSU, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - T White
- 3 BSU, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - M Boyd
- 3 BSU, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - A L David
- 1 Institute for Women's Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Fleseriu M, Pivonello R, Young J, Hamrahian AH, Molitch ME, Shimizu C, Tanaka T, Shimatsu A, White T, Hilliard A, Tian C, Sauter N, Biller BMK, Bertagna X. Osilodrostat, a potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor: 22-week, prospective, Phase II study in Cushing's disease. Pituitary 2016; 19:138-48. [PMID: 26542280 PMCID: PMC4799251 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a 10-week proof-of-concept study (LINC 1), the potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor osilodrostat (LCI699) normalized urinary free cortisol (UFC) in 11/12 patients with Cushing's disease. The current 22-week study (LINC 2; NCT01331239) further evaluated osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease. METHODS Phase II, open-label, prospective study of two patient cohorts. Follow-up cohort: 4/12 patients previously enrolled in LINC 1, offered re-enrollment if baseline mean UFC was above ULN. Expansion cohort: 15 newly enrolled patients with baseline UFC > 1.5 × ULN. In the follow-up cohort, patients initiated osilodrostat twice daily at the penultimate efficacious/tolerable dose in LINC 1; dose was adjusted as needed. In the expansion cohort, osilodrostat was initiated at 4 mg/day (10 mg/day if baseline UFC > 3 × ULN), with dose escalated every 2 weeks to 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/day until UFC ≤ ULN. Main efficacy endpoint was the proportion of responders (UFC ≤ ULN or ≥50% decrease from baseline) at weeks 10 and 22. RESULTS Overall response rate was 89.5% (n/N = 17/19) at 10 weeks and 78.9% (n/N = 15/19) at 22 weeks; at week 22, all responding patients had UFC ≤ ULN. The most common AEs observed during osilodrostat treatment were nausea, diarrhea, asthenia, and adrenal insufficiency (n = 6 for each). New or worsening hirsutism (n = 2) and/or acne (n = 3) were reported among four female patients, all of whom had increased testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Osilodrostat treatment reduced UFC in all patients; 78.9% (n/N = 15/19) had normal UFC at week 22. Treatment with osilodrostat was generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Northwest Pituitary Center, Departments of Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jacques Young
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amir H Hamrahian
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Molitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-city, Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tracy White
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Annie Hilliard
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Chuan Tian
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Beverly M K Biller
- Neuroendocrine Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Bertagna
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Surrénale, Hôpital Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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Ting L, Tripathi AP, Darstein C, White T, Sauter N. Effects of osilodrostat (LCI699) on cytochrome P450 enzymes in healthy volunteers indicates a low drug-drug interaction potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.37.gp.22.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arasaratnam D, Elliott D, White T. The distinctive micro-RNA expression signature of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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White T, Cameron J, Mottram P. Weight confirmed as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in 39,023 subjects. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Roushan P, Neill C, Chen Y, Kolodrubetz M, Quintana C, Leung N, Fang M, Barends R, Campbell B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Megrant A, Mutus J, O’Malley PJJ, Sank D, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, White T, Polkovnikov A, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Observation of topological transitions in interacting quantum circuits. Nature 2014; 515:241-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fletcher LB, Lee HJ, Barbrel B, Gauthier M, Galtier E, Nagler B, Döppner T, LePape S, Ma T, Pak A, Turnbull D, White T, Gregori G, Wei M, Falcone RW, Heimann P, Zastrau U, Hastings JB, Glenzer SH. Exploring Mbar shock conditions and isochorically heated aluminum at the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station of the Linac Coherent Light Source (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E702. [PMID: 25430365 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments performed at the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) have demonstrated the first spectrally resolved measurements of plasmons from isochorically heated aluminum. The experiments have been performed using a seeded 8-keV x-ray laser beam as a pump and probe to both volumetrically heat and scatter x-rays from aluminum. Collective x-ray Thomson scattering spectra show a well-resolved plasmon feature that is down-shifted in energy by 19 eV. In addition, Mbar shock pressures from laser-compressed aluminum foils using velocity interferometer system for any reflector have been measured. The combination of experiments fully demonstrates the possibility to perform warm dense matter studies at the LCLS with unprecedented accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Barbrel
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
| | - M Gauthier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S LePape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 87544, USA
| | - R W Falcone
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94709, USA
| | - P Heimann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - U Zastrau
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J B Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Mous SE, Muetzel RL, El Marroun H, Polderman TJC, van der Lugt A, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, Posthuma D, White T. Cortical thickness and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms in young children: a population-based study. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3203-3213. [PMID: 25065362 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many neuroimaging studies have investigated the neurobiological basis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few have studied the neurobiology of attention problems in the general population. The ability to pay attention falls along a continuum within the population, with children with ADHD at one extreme of the spectrum and, therefore, a dimensional perspective of evaluating attention problems has an added value to the existing literature. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between cortical thickness and inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in a large population of young children. METHOD This study is embedded within the Generation R Study and includes 6- to 8-year-old children (n = 444) with parent-reported attention and hyperactivity measures and high-resolution structural imaging data. We investigated the relationship between cortical thickness across the entire brain and the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Problems score. RESULTS We found that greater attention problems and hyperactivity were associated with a thinner right and left postcentral gyrus. When correcting for potential confounding factors and multiple testing, these associations remained significant. CONCLUSIONS In a large, population-based sample we showed that young (6- to 8-year-old) children who show more attention problems and hyperactivity have a thinner cortex in the region of the right and left postcentral gyrus. The postcentral gyrus, being the primary somatosensory cortex, reaches its peak growth early in development. Therefore, the thinner cortex in this region may reflect either a deviation in cortical maturation or a failure to reach the same peak cortical thickness compared with children without attention or hyperactivity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Mous
- The Generation R Study Group,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - R L Muetzel
- The Generation R Study Group,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - H El Marroun
- The Generation R Study Group,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - T J C Polderman
- Complex Trait Genetics, Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA),VU University,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - V W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology,Erasmus Medical Center,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - F C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology,Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology,Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - D Posthuma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology,Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
| | - T White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology,Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital,Rotterdam,The Netherlands
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White T, Rewi P. The Value of Dialect amongst K i Tahu: K puanan o Tahu P tiki, he Manawa Reo, he Manawa K i Tahu1. Psychology & Developing Societies 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0971333614549140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zastrau U, Sperling P, Becker A, Bornath T, Bredow R, Döppner T, Dziarzhytski S, Fennel T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Harmand M, Hilbert V, Holst B, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Ma T, Mithen JP, Mitzner R, Murphy CD, Nakatsutsumi M, Neumayer P, Przystawik A, Roling S, Schulz M, Siemer B, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, White T, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Redmer R. Equilibration dynamics and conductivity of warm dense hydrogen. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:013104. [PMID: 25122398 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.013104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate subpicosecond dynamics of warm dense hydrogen at the XUV free-electron laser facility (FLASH) at DESY (Hamburg). Ultrafast impulsive electron heating is initiated by a ≤ 300-fs short x-ray burst of 92-eV photon energy. A second pulse probes the sample via x-ray scattering at jitter-free variable time delay. We show that the initial molecular structure dissociates within (0.9 ± 0.2) ps, allowing us to infer the energy transfer rate between electrons and ions. We evaluate Saha and Thomas-Fermi ionization models in radiation hydrodynamics simulations, predicting plasma parameters that are subsequently used to calculate the static structure factor. A conductivity model for partially ionized plasma is validated by two-temperature density-functional theory coupled to molecular dynamic simulations and agrees with the experimental data. Our results provide important insights and the needed experimental data on transport properties of dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sperling
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Bornath
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Bredow
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Fortmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Göde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA and Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Harmand
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Hilbert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - B Holst
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Mithen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitzner
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Tschentscher
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wöstmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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