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Zarn KE, Jaramillo SA, Zapata AR, Stone NE, Jones AN, Nunnally HE, Settles EW, Ng K, Keim PS, Knudsen S, Nuijten PM, Tijsma ASL, French CT. Stenoparib, an inhibitor of cellular poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), blocks in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272916. [PMID: 36103462 PMCID: PMC9473406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently published a preliminary assessment of the activity of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, stenoparib, also known as 2X-121, which inhibits viral replication by affecting pathways of the host. Here we show that stenoparib effectively inhibits a SARS-CoV-2 wild type (BavPat1/2020) strain and four additional variant strains; alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2) and gamma (P.1) in vitro, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) estimates of 4.1 μM, 8.5 μM, 24.1 μM, 8.2 μM and 13.6 μM, respectively. A separate experiment focusing on a combination of 10 μM stenoparib and 0.5 μM remdesivir, an antiviral drug, resulted in over 80% inhibition of the alpha variant, which is substantially greater than the effect achieved with either drug alone, suggesting at least additive effects from combining the different mechanisms of activity of stenoparib and remdesivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Zarn
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sierra A. Jaramillo
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Zapata
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Stone
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ashley N. Jones
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Haley E. Nunnally
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erik W. Settles
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ken Ng
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Keim
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Christopher T. French
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- COVID-19 Testing Service Center, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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