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Meier JI, McGee MD, Marques DA, Mwaiko S, Kishe M, Wandera S, Neumann D, Mrosso H, Chapman LJ, Chapman CA, Kaufman L, Taabu-Munyaho A, Wagner CE, Bruggmann R, Excoffier L, Seehausen O. Cycles of fusion and fission enabled rapid parallel adaptive radiations in African cichlids. Science 2023; 381:eade2833. [PMID: 37769075 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Although some lineages of animals and plants have made impressive adaptive radiations when provided with ecological opportunity, the propensities to radiate vary profoundly among lineages for unknown reasons. In Africa's Lake Victoria region, one cichlid lineage radiated in every lake, with the largest radiation taking place in a lake less than 16,000 years old. We show that all of its ecological guilds evolved in situ. Cycles of lineage fusion through admixture and lineage fission through speciation characterize the history of the radiation. It was jump-started when several swamp-dwelling refugial populations, each of which were of older hybrid descent, met in the newly forming lake, where they fused into a single population, resuspending old admixture variation. Each population contributed a different set of ancient alleles from which a new adaptive radiation assembled in record time, involving additional fusion-fission cycles. We argue that repeated fusion-fission cycles in the history of a lineage make adaptive radiation fast and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Meier
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthew D McGee
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Marques
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Mary Kishe
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sylvester Wandera
- National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI), Jinja, Uganda
| | - Dirk Neumann
- Leipniz Institute for Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hilary Mrosso
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lauren J Chapman
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Wilson Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Les Kaufman
- Boston University Marine Program, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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Arinaitwe K, Keltsch N, Taabu-Munyaho A, Reemtsma T, Berger U. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Ugandan waters of Lake Victoria: Spatial distribution, catchment release and public exposure risk via municipal water consumption. Sci Total Environ 2021; 783:146970. [PMID: 33872896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have scarcely been studied in the Lake Victoria Basin and Africa in general. We investigated spatial profiles of PFASs in the Ugandan part of Lake Victoria, their influxes and human exposure via drinking water. We analyzed open lake water, riverine water (Rivers Kagera and Sio), urban drainage water (Nakivubo Channel), over-lake bulk atmospheric deposition and municipal tap water (Kampala, Jinja and Entebbe). The average concentrations (ng/L) for individual target PFASs were in the ranges of 0.08-23.8 (Nakivubo Channel), 0.01-10.8 (Murchison Bay), <MDL-5.38 (Kampala tap water), 0.01-3.64 (R. Kagera), <MDL-3.56 (Jinja tap water), <MDL-3.35 (R. Sio), <MDL-1.96 (Entebbe tap water), <MDL-1.46 (open lake) and <MDL-1.00 (atmospheric deposition). Estimated contribution of input pathways to ∑PFAS fluxes into Lake Victoria was in the order atmospheric deposition > R. Kagera, >R. Sio > Nakivubo Channel. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest influx and retention estimates, respectively. Perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) were mostly associated with urban drainage samples. PFASs were likely recycled from the Nakivubo Channel, through the Murchison Bay, into municipal drinking water. The estimated human exposure to ∑11PFASs via drinking water indicated low risk of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Arinaitwe
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Makerere University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Nils Keltsch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anthony Taabu-Munyaho
- Uganda National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), P.O. Box 343, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Urs Berger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Arinaitwe K, Koch A, Taabu-Munyaho A, Marien K, Reemtsma T, Berger U. Spatial profiles of perfluoroalkyl substances and mercury in fish from northern Lake Victoria, East Africa. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127536. [PMID: 32683018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an acute deficit of data on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and mercury (Hg) in the open waters of Lake Victoria, East Africa, relative to nearshore areas. We analyzed stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C), PFASs and Hg in Nile Perch and Nile Tilapia muscle and liver samples from nearshore and open lake locations from the Ugandan part of the lake. The δ15N values of Nile Perch muscle indicated a higher trophic level for samples from the open lake than from nearshore locations. Averages of ∑PFAS concentrations in Nile Perch muscle and liver (0.44 and 1.75 ng/g ww, respectively) were significantly higher than in Nile Tilapia (0.24 and 0.50 ng/g ww, respectively). ∑PFAS concentrations in muscle of open lake Nile Perch were significantly higher than for nearshore samples. A similar observation was made for total mercury concentrations in muscle (THg_Muscle) of Nile Perch. THg was dominated by methyl mercury (MeHg+, 22-124 ng/g ww) and mercuric mercury (Hg2+, <MDL-29 ng/g ww) in Nile Perch muscle. Strong correlation between MeHg+ and some PFASs (e.g. PFOS: r = 0.704, P = 0.016) suggested similar exposure routes or factors. Estimated human daily intake values of PFOS from fish consumption were below international limits whereas for MeHg+, the US EPA reference dose was exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Arinaitwe
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Makerere University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Arne Koch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anthony Taabu-Munyaho
- Uganda National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), P.O. Box 343, Jinja, Uganda.
| | - Karsten Marien
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; University of Leipzig, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Urs Berger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Olwa R, Nakiyende H, Muhumuza E, Bassa S, Taabu-Munyaho A, Nkalubo W. Ecology of the Critically Endangered Singidia Tilapia (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Oreochromis esculentus) of lake Kayanja, Uganda and its conservation implications. J Threat Taxa 2020. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.5700.12.10.16251-16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Singidia Tilapia Oreochromis esculentus is a Critically Endangered native tilapia fish species endemic to lakes Victoria and Kyoga basins of East Africa, however, it disappeared from these main lakes due to overfishing, environmental degradation and predation by the introduced Nile Perch Lates niloticus. Remnant populations of this fish species is now restricted to satellite lakes including Lake Kayanja of the Victoria basin. This study provides updated information about the population abundance, critical habitat, threats and diet of Singidia Tilapia to inform conservation decisions to revive its populations in the wild. Fish data collection and mapping of nursery and breeding habitats of Singidia Tilapia on Lake Kayanja was conducted between February 2016 and October 2017. In all the areas mapped and sampled, Singidia Tilapia (with a size range of 11–27 cm TL) was the most abundant (43%) relative to exotic Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (21%) and Redbelly Tilapia Coptodon zillii (36%). The emergence of introduced (exotic) tilapias like Nile Tilapia recorded in this study could be attributed to cage fish farming being carried out in this Lake. The diet of Oreochromis esculentus consisted mainly of detritus (60.8 %), plant materials (27.7%) and blue-green algae (5.5%). Destruction of critical habitats and presence of introduced fish species were noted as the major threats to this fish and its habitats. The generated information could contribute to guiding stakeholders to undertake appropriate actions to conserve this threatened fish species and its habitats.
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Nyamweya C, Desjardins C, Sigurdsson S, Tomasson T, Taabu-Munyaho A, Sitoki L, Stefansson G. Simulation of Lake Victoria Circulation Patterns Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151272. [PMID: 27030983 PMCID: PMC4816512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Victoria provides important ecosystem services including transport, water for domestic and industrial uses and fisheries to about 33 million inhabitants in three East African countries. The lake plays an important role in modulating regional climate. Its thermodynamics and hydrodynamics are also influenced by prevailing climatic and weather conditions on diel, seasonal and annual scales. However, information on water temperature and circulation in the lake is limited in space and time. We use a Regional Oceanographic Model System (ROMS) to simulate these processes from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2014. The model is based on real bathymetry, river runoff and atmospheric forcing data using the bulk flux algorithm. Simulations show that the water column exhibits annual cycles of thermo-stratification (September–May) and mixing (June–August). Surface water currents take different patterns ranging from a lake-wide northward flow to gyres that vary in size and number. An under flow exists that leads to the formation of upwelling and downwelling regions. Current velocities are highest at the center of the lake and on the western inshore waters indicating enhanced water circulation in those areas. However, there is little exchange of water between the major gulfs (especially Nyanza) and the open lake, a factor that could be responsible for the different water quality reported in those regions. Findings of the present study enhance understanding of the physical processes (temperature and currents) that have an effect on diel, seasonal, and annual variations in stratification, vertical mixing, inshore—offshore exchanges and fluxes of nutrients that ultimately influence the biotic distribution and trophic structure. For instance information on areas/timing of upwelling and vertical mixing obtained from this study will help predict locations/seasons of high primary production and ultimately fisheries productivity in Lake Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispine Nyamweya
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences - Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher Desjardins
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences - Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sven Sigurdsson
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences - Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tumi Tomasson
- United Nations University Fisheries Training Programme, Marine Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lewis Sitoki
- The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gunnar Stefansson
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences - Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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