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Onaolapo AY, Sulaiman H, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo OJ. Antidepressant-like potential of silymarin and silymarin-sertraline combination in mice: Highlighting effects on behaviour, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. World J Pharmacol 2022; 11:27-47. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v11.i3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is increasing advocacy for the use of diet, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies in depression management.
AIM To determine the antidepressant effects of standardized silymarin (SILY) extract either as a sole agent or as an adjunct in depression therapy.
METHODS Adult mice were assigned into three main groups based on the neurobehavioural models; and each main group had ten treatment groups of 10 mice each. Treatment groups were: Vehicle control group, oral sertraline (SERT) group, two groups fed SILY)-supplemented diet (SILY at 140 and 280 mg/kg of feed, respectively), dexamethasone (DEX; i.p.) group, DEX/SERT group, two groups of DEX/SILY (SILY at 140 and 280 mg/kg of feed, respectively), and another two groups of (SERT/DEX/SILY) (SILY at 140 and 280 mg/kg of feed, respectively, plus i.p. DEX plus SERT). Duration of the study was 7 wk, and treatments were administered daily.
RESULTS SILY (alone) increased body weight, open field locomotor activity, rearing, and grooming; it also enhanced spatial working memory while decreasing anxiety-related behaviours and behavioural despair. SILY also improved antioxidant status while decreasing lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase activity, and inflammatory markers. Neuronal integrity of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was preserved. Overall, when administered alone or with SERT, SILY counteracted DEX-induced behavioural and biochemical changes while preserving neuromorphological integrity.
CONCLUSION In conclusion, SILY is beneficial in mitigating DEX-induced central nervous system and other related changes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hameed Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State 234, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State 234, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo State 234, Nigeria
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Onaolapo OJ, Olofinnade AT, Ojo FO, Adeleye O, Falade J, Onaolapo AY. Substance use and substance use disorders in Africa: An epidemiological approach to the review of existing literature. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1268-1286. [PMID: 36389088 PMCID: PMC9641378 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i10.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between man and substances that have abuse potentials, and whose use has been associated with the development or progression of substance use disorders has continued to evolve in terms of geography, economic implications, and time. History shows that local plants with psychoactive constituents can get exported worldwide through global travel, commerce, or even conquest. Time and globalization also change people’s relationship with substances of abuse; hence, an area that was initially alien to certain substances might evolve to becoming a trafficking hub, and then a destination. A case in point is Africa where a rapidly increasing prevalence of substance use/abuse and substance use disorder among adolescents and young adults is putting enormous strain on the economy, healthcare system, and society at large. However, there appears to be a paucity of scientific literature and data on the epidemiology, risk assessment, and contributing factors to substance use and the development of substance use disorders across Africa. In this narrative review, we examine extant literature (PubMed, Google scholar, Medline) for information on the prevalence, trends, and influencers of substance use and the development of substance use disorders. This is with a view of understanding the determinants of substance use and factors that influence the development of substance use disorders in the region, and how this information can be channeled towards developing a comprehensive intervention and treatment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214 Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Olamide Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto Adeleye
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Falade
- Department of Mental Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360282, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, Neurobiology Subdivision, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Oyo, Nigeria
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA. The potential toxicity of food-added sodium benzoate in mice is concentration-dependent. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:561-569. [PMID: 34141170 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (NaB) is a versatile food preservative that has also found some applications in the treatment of medical disorders. However, till date, its possible widespread effects on the body are not well studied. We examined the likely effect of diet-added NaB on weight/food intake, haematological parameters, neurobehaviour, antioxidant status, lipid profile and anti-inflammatory/apoptotic markers in mice. Animals were assigned randomly into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Groups included normal control (fed rodent chow) and three groups fed NaB at 125 (0.0125%), 250 (0.025% and 500 (0.05%) mg/kg of feed added to diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Body weight and food intake were assessed. At the end of the experimental period animals were euthanized, blood was then taken for the assessment of haematological, biochemical and inflammatory/apoptotic markers. At the lowest concentration, NaB diet increased body weight and food intake. Decrease in haematological cell counts and total antioxidant capacity were observed, whereas serum malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity were increased across the three concentrations. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 decreased, whereas caspase-3 levels showed no significant difference. Lipid profile and biochemical indices of kidney and liver function were also affected by NaB diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NaB may be harmful if regulations regarding its limit of consumption are mistakenly or deliberately ignored. Therefore, it is advisable that regulations on quantities to be added to food be enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 21266. 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way,G.R.A Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, University Road. P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria Nigeria
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA, Mollica A, Zengin G, Stefanucci A. Corylus avellana L. modulates neurobehaviour and brain chemistry following high-fat diet. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2021; 26:537-551. [PMID: 33049682 DOI: 10.2741/4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet has adverse impacts on metabolism, neurobehavioral, and neurochemical homeostasis in both humans and experimental animals. Here, we examined the effects of two different cultivars of Corylus avellana L. in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Corylus avellana L. reduced weight gain in mice that were treated with a high-fat diet, improved their behavioral parameters as exemplified by locomotion and rearing, working-memory, and reduced grooming and anxiety indices. Both Corylus avellana L. varieties reduced blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, improved lipid profile, and antioxidant status in mice placed on a high fat diet. Finally, brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also reduced, dopamine level was increased, while caspase-3 level in the brain was reduced. Thus, the Corylus avellana L. cultivars improve metabolic, behavioral, and neurochemical homeostasis in a diet with a high-fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Mollica
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy,
| | | | - Azurra Stefanucci
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Olowe OA, Onaolapo OJ. Cucumeropsis mannii reverses high-fat diet induced metabolic derangement and oxidative stress. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2021; 13:54-76. [PMID: 33048776 DOI: 10.2741/872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cucumeropsis mannii (CM) belongs to the melon family and is native to West Africa. There is a paucity of information on its medicinal or nutraceutical potential. Here, we examined the impact of CM in mice that were treated with a normal or a high fat diet (HFD). The CM extracts had a high levels of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and significant antioxidant activity. Treatment of mice with a HFD diet, led to the memory impairment. However, mice on HFD and received CM, despite increased food intake, showed a decrease in the body weight, locomotion, rearing, grooming, acetylcholinesterase activity and ?-amino butyric acid levels and anxiolysis. Also CM induced a reversal of HFD-induced changes in glucose levels, lipid peroxidation and super-oxide dismutase activity. These data show that CM leads to variable behavioural, biochemical and metabolic effects depending on the diet of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azurra Stefanucci
- University G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- University G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Olowe OA. Hazelnut Modulates Neurobehaviour and Ameliorates Ageing-induced Oxidative Stress, and Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis in Mice. Curr Aging Sci 2020; 14:154-162. [PMID: 33371863 DOI: 10.2174/1874609813666201228112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organismal aging has been associated with deleterious effects in different body tissues and organs, including the brain. There have been reports from ancient medicinal scripts of the beneficial effects of nuts like hazelnut in preventing aging induced-brain atrophy and memory loss. OBJECTIVES This study examined the potential beneficial effects of a diet supplemented with two different (Italian and Turkish) cultivars of hazelnut on the brain of aged mice. METHODS Aged (24 months old) mice were randomly assigned into 7 groups of ten mice each. Mice were grouped as standard diet (SD) control, three groups of Turkish and three groups of Italian hazelnut incorporated into SD at 2, 4 and 8% respectively. Animals were fed standard or hazelnut diet for 8 weeks. On day 56, behaviours in the elevated plus maze, radial-arm maze, open field, and Y-maze paradigms were monitored and scored, following which animals were euthanized. The brains were removed, weighed and homogenized for the assessment of specific biochemical tests. RESULT Results showed that hazelnut-supplemented diet was associated with significantly increased weight gain, with the Italian hazelnut being associated with greater weight gain. The hazelnut- supplemented diet also increased behavioural parameters such as horizontal locomotion and grooming, while it decreased rearing activity. Working-memory also improved significantly with both cultivars of hazelnut, while anxiety indices were reduced at lower concentrations of Italian, and higher concentrations of Turkish hazelnut. Both hazelnut varieties were associated with a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, nitric oxide levels, caspase- 3 level, but increased dopamine level. CONCLUSION Overall, hazelnut cultivars have beneficial effects on the brain in aged mice; suggesting a possible role in the prevention or management of age-related neurodegenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/ Neuro-pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Onaolapo AY, Adebisi EO, Adeleye AE, Olofinnade AT, Onaolapo OJ. Dietary Melatonin Protects Against Behavioural, Metabolic, Oxidative, and Organ Morphological Changes in Mice that are Fed High-Fat, High- Sugar Diet. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:570-583. [PMID: 32138638 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191009161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a complex pattern of disorders that occur jointly and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore the need for more-efficient options of treatment has become imperative. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of dietary-melatonin in the management of behavioural, metabolic, antioxidant, and organ changes due to high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned into five groups of ten animals each. Groups were normal control [fed standard diet (SD)], HFHS control, and 3 groups of melatonin incorporated into HFHS at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of feed. Mice were fed for seven weeks, and body weight was assessed weekly. Open-field behaviours, radial-arm, and Y-maze spatial memory were scored at the end of the experimental period. Twenty-four hours after the last behavioural test, blood was taken for estimation of blood glucose levels after an overnight fast. Animals were then euthanised, and blood was taken for estimation of plasma insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, and serum lipid profile. The liver, kidneys, and brain were excised and processed for general histology, while homogenates of the liver and whole brain were used to assess oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS Results showed that dietary melatonin (compared to HFHS diet) was associated with a decrease in body weight, food intake, and novelty-induced behaviours; and an increase in spatial-working memory scores. A decrease in glucose, insulin, leptin, and malondialdehyde levels; and an increase in adiponectin levels and superoxide dismutase activity were also observed. Histomorphological/ histomorphometric examination revealed evidence of organ injury with HFHS diet, and varying degrees of amelioration with melatonin-supplemented diet. CONCLUSION In conclusion, dietary melatonin supplementation may have beneficial effects in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Anthony Tope Olofinnade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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