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Abbott T, Aguena M, Alarcon A, Allam S, Allen S, Annis J, Avila S, Bacon D, Bechtol K, Bermeo A, Bernstein G, Bertin E, Bhargava S, Bocquet S, Brooks D, Brout D, Buckley-Geer E, Burke D, Carnero Rosell A, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander F, Cawthon R, Chang C, Chen X, Choi A, Costanzi M, Crocce M, da Costa L, Davis T, De Vicente J, DeRose J, Desai S, Diehl H, Dietrich J, Dodelson S, Doel P, Drlica-Wagner A, Eckert K, Eifler T, Elvin-Poole J, Estrada J, Everett S, Evrard A, Farahi A, Ferrero I, Flaugher B, Fosalba P, Frieman J, García-Bellido J, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes D, Giannantonio T, Giles P, Grandis S, Gruen D, Gruendl R, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Hartley W, Hinton S, Hollowood D, Honscheid K, Hoyle B, Huterer D, James D, Jarvis M, Jeltema T, Johnson M, Johnson M, Kent S, Krause E, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Li T, Lidman C, Lima M, Lin H, MacCrann N, Maia M, Mantz A, Marshall J, Martini P, Mayers J, Melchior P, Mena-Fernández J, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr J, Nichol R, Nord B, Ogando R, Palmese A, Paz-Chinchón F, Plazas A, Prat J, Rau M, Romer A, Roodman A, Rooney P, Rozo E, Rykoff E, Sako M, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Saro A, Scarpine V, Schubnell M, Scolnic D, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Sheldon E, Smith J, Smith M, Suchyta E, Swanson M, Tarle G, Thomas D, To C, Troxel M, Tucker D, Varga T, von der Linden A, Walker A, Wechsler R, Weller J, Wilkinson R, Wu H, Yanny B, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zuntz J. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological constraints from cluster abundances and weak lensing. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.023509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Willis JP, Canning REA, Noordeh ES, Allen SW, King AL, Mantz A, Morris RG, Stanford SA, Brammer G. Spectroscopic confirmation of a mature galaxy cluster at a redshift of 2. Nature 2020; 577:39-41. [PMID: 31894143 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Galaxy clusters are the most massive virialized structures in the Universe and are formed through the gravitational accretion of matter over cosmic time1. The discovery2 of an evolved galaxy cluster at redshift z = 2, corresponding to a look-back time of 10.4 billion years, provides an opportunity to study its properties. The galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 was originally detected as a faint, extended X-ray source in the XMM Large Scale Structure survey and was revealed to be coincident with a compact over-density of galaxies2 with photometric redshifts of 1.9 ± 0.2. Subsequent observations3 at millimetre wavelengths detected a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich decrement along the line of sight to XLSSC 122, thus confirming the existence of hot intracluster gas, while deep imaging spectroscopy from the European Space Agency's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) revealed4 an extended, X-ray-bright gaseous atmosphere with a virial temperature of 60 million Kelvin, enriched with metals to the same extent as are local clusters. Here we report optical spectroscopic observations of XLSSC 122 and identify 37 member galaxies at a mean redshift of 1.98, corresponding to a look-back time of 10.4 billion years. We use photometry to determine a mean, dust-free stellar age of 2.98 billion years, indicating that star formation commenced in these galaxies at a mean redshift of 12, when the Universe was only 370 million years old. The full range of inferred formation redshifts, including the effects of dust, covers the interval from 7 to 13. These observations confirm that XLSSC 122 is a remarkably mature galaxy cluster with both evolved stellar populations in the member galaxies and a hot, metal-rich gas composing the intracluster medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Willis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
| | - R E A Canning
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E S Noordeh
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S W Allen
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A L King
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Mantz
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R G Morris
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - S A Stanford
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Brammer
- Cosmic Dawn Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Quintana PJE, Khalighi M, Castillo Quiñones JE, Patel Z, Guerrero Garcia J, Martinez Vergara P, Bryden M, Mantz A. Traffic pollutants measured inside vehicles waiting in line at a major US-Mexico Port of Entry. Sci Total Environ 2018; 622-623:236-243. [PMID: 29216464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At US-Mexico border Ports of Entry, vehicles idle for long times waiting to cross northbound into the US. Long wait times at the border have mainly been studied as an economic issue, however, exposures to emissions from idling vehicles can also present an exposure risk. Here we present the first data on in-vehicle exposures to driver and passengers crossing the US-Mexico border at the San Ysidro, California Port of Entry (SYPOE). Participants were recruited who regularly commuted across the border in either direction and told to drive a scripted route between two border universities, one in the US and one in Mexico. Instruments were placed in participants' cars prior to commute to monitor-1-minute average levels of the traffic pollutants ultrafine particles (UFP), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the breathing zone of drivers and passengers. Location was determined by a GPS monitor. Results reported here are for 68 northbound participant trips. The highest median levels of in-vehicle UFP were recorded during the wait to cross at the SYPOE (median 29,692particles/cm3) significantly higher than the portion of the commute in the US (median 20,508particles/cm3) though not that portion in Mexico (median 22, 191particles/cm3). In-vehicle BC levels at the border were significantly lower than in other parts of the commute. Our results indicate that waiting in line at the SYPOE contributes a median 62.5% (range 15.5%-86.0%) of a cross-border commuter's exposure to UFP and a median 44.5% (range (10.6-79.7%) of exposure to BC inside the vehicle while traveling in the northbound direction. Reducing border wait time can significantly reduce in-vehicle exposures to toxic air pollutants such as UFP and BC, and these preventable exposures can be considered an environmental justice issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J E Quintana
- San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA.
| | - Mehdi Khalighi
- Millersville University, Department of Applied Engineering, Safety & Technology Occupational Safety & Environmental Health Program, 40 East Frederick Street, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
| | - Javier Emmanuel Castillo Quiñones
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana B.C. 22427, Mexico
| | - Zalak Patel
- San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA
| | - Jesus Guerrero Garcia
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana B.C. 22427, Mexico
| | - Paulina Martinez Vergara
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana B.C. 22427, Mexico
| | - Megan Bryden
- San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA
| | - Antoinette Mantz
- San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4162, USA
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Baxter EJ, Keisler R, Dodelson S, Aird KA, Allen SW, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hou Z, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Millea M, Mocanu LM, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A MEASUREMENT OF GRAVITATIONAL LENSING OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND BY GALAXY CLUSTERS USING DATA FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bleem LE, Stalder B, de Haan T, Aird KA, Allen SW, Applegate DE, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chiu I, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, Desai S, Dietrich JP, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hennig C, Hoekstra H, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Schrabback T, Shirokoff E, Song J, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. GALAXY CLUSTERS DISCOVERED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN THE 2500-SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/216/2/27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Saliwanchik BR, Montroy TE, Aird KA, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Patej A, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruel J, Ruhl JE, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. MEASUREMENT OF GALAXY CLUSTER INTEGRATED COMPTONIZATION AND MASS SCALING RELATIONS WITH THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McDonald M, Benson BA, Vikhlinin A, Aird KA, Allen SW, Bautz M, Bayliss M, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Dobbs MA, Foley RJ, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Hlavacek-Larrondo J, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Murray SS, Padin S, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shirokoff E, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story KT, Stubbs CW, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. THE REDSHIFT EVOLUTION OF THE MEAN TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND ENTROPY PROFILES IN 80 SPT-SELECTED GALAXY CLUSTERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/1/67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ruel J, Bazin G, Bayliss M, Brodwin M, Foley RJ, Stalder B, Aird KA, Armstrong R, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Benson BA, Bleem LE, Bocquet S, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Chapman SC, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Forman WR, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McDonald M, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Nurgaliev D, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Song J, Šuhada R, Spieler HG, Stanford SA, Staniszewski Z, Starsk AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AND VELOCITY DISPERSIONS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS FROM THE SPT-SZ SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McDonald M, Bayliss M, Benson BA, Foley RJ, Ruel J, Sullivan P, Veilleux S, Aird KA, Ashby MLN, Bautz M, Bazin G, Bleem LE, Brodwin M, Carlstrom JE, Chang CL, Cho HM, Clocchiatti A, Crawford TM, Crites AT, de Haan T, Desai S, Dobbs MA, Dudley JP, Egami E, Forman WR, Garmire GP, George EM, Gladders MD, Gonzalez AH, Halverson NW, Harrington NL, High FW, Holder GP, Holzapfel WL, Hoover S, Hrubes JD, Jones C, Joy M, Keisler R, Knox L, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Liu J, Lueker M, Luong-Van D, Mantz A, Marrone DP, McMahon JJ, Mehl J, Meyer SS, Miller ED, Mocanu L, Mohr JJ, Montroy TE, Murray SS, Natoli T, Padin S, Plagge T, Pryke C, Rawle TD, Reichardt CL, Rest A, Rex M, Ruhl JE, Saliwanchik BR, Saro A, Sayre JT, Schaffer KK, Shaw L, Shirokoff E, Simcoe R, Song J, Spieler HG, Stalder B, Staniszewski Z, Stark AA, Story K, Stubbs CW, Šuhada R, van Engelen A, Vanderlinde K, Vieira JD, Vikhlinin A, Williamson R, Zahn O, Zenteno A. A massive, cooling-flow-induced starburst in the core of a luminous cluster of galaxies. Nature 2012; 488:349-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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