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Liu CF, Zhang AX, Fang Q, Ye YJ, Yang HL, Chen JK, Wu WL, Hou Y, Mo JJ, Fu TM. [Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality in Shenzhen in Spring 2022]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:3117-3129. [PMID: 37309931 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202205313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The short-term reduction of air pollutant emissions is an important emergency control measure for avoiding air pollution exceedances in Chinese cities. However, the impacts of short-term emission reductions on the air qualities in southern Chinese cities in spring has not been fully explored. We analyzed the changes in air quality in Shenzhen, Guangdong before, during, and after a city-wide lockdown associated with COVID-19 control during March 14 to 20, 2022. Stable weather conditions prevailed before and during the lockdown, such that local air pollution was strongly affected by local emissions. In-situ measurements and WRF-GC simulations over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) both showed that, due to reductions in traffic emissions during the lockdown, the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respirable particulate matter (PM10), and fine particulate matters (PM2.5) in Shenzhen decreased by (-26±9.5)%, (-28±6.4)%, and (-20±8.2)%, respectively. However, surface ozone (O3) concentration did not change significantly[(-1.0±6.5)%]. TROPOMI satellite observations of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide column concentrations indicated that the ozone photochemistry in the PRD in spring 2022 was mainly controlled by the volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentrations and was not sensitive to the reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations. Reduction in NOx may even have increased O3, because the titration of O3 by NOx was weakened. Due to the small spatial-temporal extent of emission reductions, the air quality effects caused by this short-term urban-scale lockdown were weaker than the air quality effects across China during the widespread COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Future air quality management in South China cities should consider the impacts of NOx emission reduction on ozone and focus on the co-reduction scenarios of NOx and VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Fang Liu
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518049, China
| | - Ao-Xing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518049, China
| | - Yu-Jing Ye
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518049, China
| | - Hong-Long Yang
- Shenzhen National Climate Observatory, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Jiong-Kai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Lu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Jia Mo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Feng L, Zhang AX, Li L, Zhang XJ, Wang Z, Tan NH. Diversity of cultivable endophytic fungi in two Rubia plants and their potential for production of anti-tumour Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:759-769. [PMID: 34591984 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rubia plants are one of the most important plant resources possessing significant commercial and medicinal values. Plant endophytes could benefit their host plants in different ways. Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides (RAs), mainly isolated from Rubia plants, have attracted considerable attentions for their distinctive bicyclic structures and significant antitumor activities, but their contents in plants are low. The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi in Rubia plants and their potential for production of RAs. In this work, 143 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from two Rubia plants. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the ITS rDNA sequences, and the isolates were classified into 29 genera. Among them, four endophytic fungal strains were found to produce anti-tumour RAs by LC-MS/MS analysis. This work successfully provides valuable knowledges of endophytic fungi microbiome in Rubia plants for agricultural and industrial applications, and exploits a new environmental-friendly resource of RAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - A X Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - X J Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - N H Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Feng Q, Zhao JR, Zhang AX, Li SL. [Efficacy of lobaplatin plus S-1 and the predictive value of circulating tumor cell in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:696-702. [PMID: 30293397 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lobaplatin (LBP) plus S-1 for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and determine the potential role of circulating tumor cells (CTC) for predicting the therapeutic response and prognosis. Methods: From January 2014 to February 2015, 64 consecutive patients with AGC received lobaplatin plus S-1 chemotherapy in Liaocheng People's Hospital. The clinical features, clinical response, adverse effects, prognosis and CTC pre- and post-treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between CTC and patients' disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) were investigated. Results: All 64 patients completed 2 cycles of chemotherapy.The number of patients who achieved complete regression, partial regression, stable and progression were 0, 24 (37.5%), 18 (28.1%) and 22 (34.4%), respectively. ORR was 37.5% and DCR was 65.6%. The median PFS was 10.8 months(95%CI 7.1-12.0) and the median OS was 16.1 months(95%CI 12.4-18.8). The ORR and PFS were not significantly different between patients with baseline CTC≥2 and CTC<2 (25.0% vs 53.6%, P=0.150; 6.2 months vs 7.5 months, P=0.780), while the DCR and OS were significantly different (45.9% vs 90.0%, P=0.008; 10.5 months vs 17.2 months, P<0.001). After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the ORR and DCR in patients with CTC≥2 were 16.7% and 45.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those observed in patients with CTC<2 (50.0% and 90.0%, respectively). The former also had shorter median PFS and OS (6.6 months vs 8.9 months, 8.4 months vs 15.0 months, respectively). Patients with persistently CTC<2 or those exhibiting an conversion to CTC<2 following chemotherapy had an improved PFS and OS, while patients with persistently CTC≥2 or those exhibiting an conversion to CTC≥2 following therapy had shorter PFS and OS.The most frequent adverse effects were grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal discomfort and myelosuppression. No patients discontinued chemotherapy because of adverse events. Conclusions: Lobaplatin plus S-1 had manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in patients with AGC. CTC could be used as a biomarker in evaluating therapeutic response and predicting their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - J R Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - A X Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - S L Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Chen ZJ, Wang L, Fang YS, Zhang AX, Yang ZF, Yuan ZY, Ning W. [Effect of radiation dose and dose rate on pulmonary fibrosis in mice]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2016; 39:117-21. [PMID: 26879616 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of radiation dose and dose rate on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group (n=6) and an irradiation group(n=18). The irradiation group was further assigned to 3 subgroups according to the whole lung radiation with 15 Gy at 400 cGy/min, 20 Gy at 400 cGy/min and 20 Gy at 100 cGy/min, while the control group received sham-irradiation. All mice were scanned with computed tomograph (CT) 20 weeks post-irradiation, and then they were sacrificed and lung tissues were collected. H&E staining, sirius red staining, lung fibrosis scored and hydroxyproline content analysis were used to assess lung fibrosis and collagen deposition. Real time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of type Ⅰ collagen. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activatin and distribution of a-SMA(+) -myofibroblasts. RESULTS Compared to the control group, mice from irradiation groups exhibited significant pulmonary consolidation and collagen deposition.At the same dose rate, the higher irradiated dose used, the more severe pulmonary fibrosis was.On the other hand, with the same dose, the dose rate had less effect on pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION The effect of radiation dose on the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice is more than effect of the dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Cai KF, Huang LY, Zhang AX, Yin JL, Liu H. Ultra long SiCN nanowires and SiCN/SiO2 nanocables: synthesis, characterization, and electrical property. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:6338-6343. [PMID: 19205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SiCN nanowires are synthesized by pyrolysis of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN) using ferrocene as a catalyst precursor at 1200 degrees C in a flowing argon atmosphere on the surface of mullite substrate, polycrystalline alumina wafer and quartz tube. In oxygen-contained argon atmosphere, SiCN/SiO2 nanocables are synthesized. The as-synthesized products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The lengths of the nanowires and nanocables are in the millimeter range. The diameter of the SiCN nanowires grown on mullite substrate and alumina wafer ranges from about 10-70 nm, while that of the nanowires grown on quartz tube surface is in the range of around 7-10 nm. The diameters of the SiCN/SiO2 nanocables are relatively large. A vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism of the nanostructures is proposed. The electrical resistivity of a single SiCN/SiO2 nanocable is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Cai
- Tongji University, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Abstract
SiC nanowires are prepared by pyrolysis of hexamethyldisilane (HMDS), at 1200 degrees C in a flowing Ar atmosphere. The length of the nanowires is in millimeter scale. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the diameters of the SiC nanowires are in the range of about 8 to 120 nm, and that most of the nanowires have numerous stacking faults. The formation mechanism of the nanowires is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Cai
- Tongji University, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Shanghai 200092, China
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Abstract
The mechanical success of a total knee replacement demands stable patellar tracking without subluxation and, stable tracking, in turn, can depend largely on the medial-lateral forces restraining the patella. Patellar button medialization has been advocated as a means of reducing subluxation, and experimental evidence has shown femoral component rotation also affects medial-lateral forces. Surgeons have choices in femoral component rotation and patellar button medialization and must frequently make intra-operative decisions concerning component placement because of anatomical variations among patients. Thus, in seeking to minimize medial-lateral patellar force, we examined the effects of patellar button medialization and external femoral component rotation. The study used an unconstrained total knee system implanted in nine cadaveric specimens tested on a knee simulator operating through flexion angles up to 100 degrees. Tests included all combinations of external femoral component rotation of 0 degree, 2.5 degrees, and 5 degrees and patellar placement at the geometric center and at 3.75 mm medial to the geometric center. A video-based motion analysis system tracked patellar and tibial kinematics while a six-component load cell measured patellofemoral loads. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant decrease in the average medial-lateral force with button medialization but no significant change with femoral component rotation. Neither femoral component rotation nor patellar button medialization had an effect on the normal component of the patellar reaction force. External femoral component rotation did cause significant increases in lateral patellar tilt, in tibial varus angle, and in external tibial rotation. Button medialization caused significant increases in lateral patellar tracking, lateral patellar tilt and external tibial rotation. The results in medial-lateral patellar forces quantify the benefit of patellar button medialization and discount any benefit of femoral rotation. The change in tibial kinematics with patellar button medialization and femoral component rotation cannot be measured in vivo with current technology, and the precise clinical implications are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Miller
- School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Zhang AX. [Clinical observation and care of repair of gastroschisis using autologous umbilical cord]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1994; 29:281-3. [PMID: 7788785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhang HQ, Zhang AX. [Effects of Cistanche deserticola on immune function in mice]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1988; 8:736-7, 710. [PMID: 3248336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yu LJ, Ding Y, Ma RD, Liu WQ, Duan XZ, Zhang AX, Liu YC, Yang DL, Lei XG, Liu YH. Experimental studies on the antitumor action of free radicals: antitumor action of galvinoxyl. Acta Acad Med Wuhan 1983; 3:36-9. [PMID: 6866379 DOI: 10.1007/bf02858439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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