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Polman EMN, Seijmonsbergen AC, Versteegh H, Kissling WD. Global geodiversity components are not equally represented in UNESCO Global Geoparks. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230054. [PMID: 38342215 PMCID: PMC10859229 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGs) is to protect globally significant geoheritage and geodiversity, but quantitative evidence on the global representativeness of geodiversity components (i.e. geology, soils, geomorphology and hydrology) in these geoparks is in short supply. Here, we provide a first assessment by deriving a global map of geodiversity to test whether the presence of geodiversity components in UGGs is representative for the global availability and distribution of geodiversity. Using openly accessible global datasets and a newly developed workflow, we have calculated metrics for each geodiversity component and a global geodiversity index; we then quantified whether UGGs represent global geodiversity and then compared their components to a randomized spatial distribution of geoparks. Our results show that lithological and topographical diversity are more represented in UGGs than outside these sites, while soil type and hydrological diversity are not significantly different. Furthermore, individual soil types and lithological classes are under-represented and unevenly distributed in Asian and European UGGs. This is probably caused by the concentration of geoparks in Asian and European mountains. To better conserve geodiversity, we suggest an initiative to consider the protection and representation of all geodiversity components in their global context. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. N. Polman
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Versteegh
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hjort J, Seijmonsbergen AC, Kemppinen J, Tukiainen H, Maliniemi T, Gordon JE, Alahuhta J, Gray M. Towards a taxonomy of geodiversity. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230060. [PMID: 38342205 PMCID: PMC10859227 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geodiversity is a topical concept in earth and environmental sciences. Geodiversity information is needed to conserve nature, use ecosystem services and achieve sustainable development goals. Despite the increasing demand for geodiversity data, there exists no comprehensive system for categorizing geodiversity. Here, we present a hierarchically structured taxonomy that is potentially applicable in mapping and quantifying geodiversity across different regions, environments and scales. In this taxonomy, the main components of geodiversity are geology, geomorphology, hydrology and pedology. We propose a six-level hierarchical system where the components of geodiversity are classified at progressively lower taxonomic levels based on their genesis, physical-chemical properties and morphology. This comprehensive taxonomy can be used to compile geodiversity information for scientific research and various applications of value to society and nature conservation. Ultimately, this hierarchical system is the first step towards developing a global geodiversity taxonomy. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Kemppinen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Helena Tukiainen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Maliniemi
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - John E. Gordon
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development,University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AL, UK
| | - Janne Alahuhta
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Murray Gray
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Alsbach CME, Seijmonsbergen AC, Hoorn C. Geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230065. [PMID: 38342214 PMCID: PMC10875704 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The Amazon is the largest drainage basin on Earth and contains a wide variety of abiotic landscape features. In spite of this, the geodiversity in this basin has not yet been objectively evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by combining a meta-analysis of an existing global geodiversity map and its components with a systematic literature review, to identify the key characteristics of geodiversity in the Amazon drainage basin (ADB). We also evaluate how these global geodiversity component maps, that are based on the geology, geomorphology, soils and hydrology, could be refined to better reflect geodiversity in the basin. Our review shows that geology-through lithological diversity and geological structures-and hydrology-through hydrological processes that influence geomorphology and soil diversity-are the main determinants of geodiversity. Based on these features, the ADB can be subdivided into three principal regions: (i) the Andean orogenic belt and western Amazon, (ii) the cratons and eastern Amazon, and (iii) the Solimões-Amazon river system. Additional methods to map geomorphological and hydrological diversity have been identified. Future research should focus on investigating the relationship between the geodiversity components and assess their relationship with biodiversity. Such knowledge can enhance conservation plans for the ADB. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile M. E. Alsbach
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gray M, Fox N, Gordon JE, Brilha J, Charkraborty A, Garcia MDG, Hjort J, Kubalíková L, Seijmonsbergen AC, Urban J. Boundary of ecosystem services: A response to. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119666. [PMID: 38048706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Chen et al. (2023) have proposed a scheme to define which services should be included as ecosystem services and which should be excluded so as to avoid "an all-encompassing metaphor that captures any benefit". We discuss the proposals, drawing attention in particular to definitions of 'natural capital' and 'ecosystems', the complexities of separating biotic from abiotic flows, and the importance of geodiversity and geosystem services in delivering societal benefits. We conclude that rather than trying to separate out bits of nature in order to draw the boundary of ecosystem services, it is perhaps time to avoid using 'nature' and 'biodiversity' as synonyms and think instead of a more holistic and integrated approach involving 'environmental', 'natural' or 'nature's services', in which the role of abiotic nature is fully recognised in both ecosystem services and non-ecosystem domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Gray
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Nathan Fox
- Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA; School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M 48109-1042I, USA
| | - John E Gordon
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
| | - José Brilha
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jan Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Lucie Kubalíková
- Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arie C Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090, GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Urban
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
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Kissling WD, Shi Y, Koma Z, Meijer C, Ku O, Nattino F, Seijmonsbergen AC, Grootes MW. Country-wide data of ecosystem structure from the third Dutch airborne laser scanning survey. Data Brief 2022; 46:108798. [PMID: 36569534 PMCID: PMC9772796 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The third Dutch national airborne laser scanning flight campaign (AHN3, Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland) conducted between 2014 and 2019 during the leaf-off season (October-April) across the whole Netherlands provides a free and open-access, country-wide dataset with ∼700 billion points and a point density of ∼10(-20) points/m2. The AHN3 point cloud was obtained with Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology and contains for each point the x, y, z coordinates and additional characteristics (e.g. return number, intensity value, scan angle rank and GPS time). Moreover, the point cloud has been pre-processed by 'Rijkswaterstraat' (the executive agency of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management), comes with a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and a Digital Surface Model (DSM), and is delivered with a pre-classification of each point into one of six classes (0: Never Classified, 1: Unclassified, 2: Ground, 6: Building, 9: Water, 26: Reserved [bridges etc.]). However, no detailed information on vegetation structure is available from the AHN3 point cloud. We processed the AHN3 point cloud (∼16 TB uncompressed data volume) into 10 m resolution raster layers of ecosystem structure at a national extent, using a novel high-throughput workflow called 'Laserfarm' and a cluster of virtual machines with fast central processing units, high memory nodes and associated big data storage for managing the large amount of files. The raster layers (available as GeoTIFF files) capture 25 LiDAR metrics of vegetation structure, including ecosystem height (e.g. 95th percentiles of normalized z), ecosystem cover (e.g. pulse penetration ratio, canopy cover, and density of vegetation points within defined height layers), and ecosystem structural complexity (e.g. skewness and variability of vertical vegetation point distribution). The raster layers make use of the Dutch projected coordinate system (EPSG:28992 Amersfoort / RD New), are each ∼1 GB in size, and can be readily used by ecologists in a geographic information system (GIS) or analytical open-source software such as R and Python. Even though the class '1: Unclassified' mainly includes vegetation points, other objects such as cars, fences, and boats can also be present in this class, introducing potential biases in the derived data products. We therefore validated the raster layers of ecosystem structure using >180,000 hand-labelled LiDAR points in 100 randomly selected sample plots (10 m × 10 m each) across the Netherlands. Besides vegetation, objects such as boats, fences, and cars were identified in the sampled plots. However, the misclassification rate of vegetation points (i.e. non-vegetation points that were assumed to be vegetation) was low (∼0.05) and the accuracy of the 25 LiDAR metrics derived from the AHN3 point cloud was high (∼90%). To minimize existing inaccuracies in this country-wide data product (e.g. ships on water bodies, chimneys on roofs, or cars on roads that might be incorrectly used as vegetation points), we provide an additional mask that captures water bodies, buildings and roads generated from the Dutch cadaster dataset. This newly generated country-wide ecosystem structure data product provides new opportunities for ecology and biodiversity science, e.g. for mapping the 3D vegetation structure of a variety of ecosystems or for modelling biodiversity, species distributions, abundance and ecological niches of animals and their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Daniel Kissling
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands,LifeWatch ERIC, Virtual Laboratory and Innovations Centre (VLIC), University of Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam,Corresponding author. @IBED_UvA
| | - Yifang Shi
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands,LifeWatch ERIC, Virtual Laboratory and Innovations Centre (VLIC), University of Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam
| | - Zsófia Koma
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global Change, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christiaan Meijer
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 402 (Matrix III), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ou Ku
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 402 (Matrix III), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Nattino
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 402 (Matrix III), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meiert W. Grootes
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 402 (Matrix III), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kissling WD, Shi Y, Koma Z, Meijer C, Ku O, Nattino F, Seijmonsbergen AC, Grootes MW. Laserfarm – A high-throughput workflow for generating geospatial data products of ecosystem structure from airborne laser scanning point clouds. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Groeve J, Kusumoto B, Koene E, Kissling WD, Seijmonsbergen AC, Hoeksema BW, Yasuhara M, Norder SJ, Cahyarini SY, van der Geer A, Meijer HJM, Kubota Y, Rijsdijk KF. Global raster dataset on historical coastline positions and shelf sea extents since the Last Glacial Maximum. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 2022; 31:2162-2171. [PMID: 36606261 PMCID: PMC9804564 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Historical changes in sea level caused shifting coastlines that affected the distribution and evolution of marine and terrestrial biota. At the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 26 ka, sea levels were >130 m lower than at present, resulting in seaward-shifted coastlines and shallow shelf seas, with emerging land bridges leading to the isolation of marine biota and the connection of land-bridge islands to the continents. At the end of the last ice age, sea levels started to rise at unprecedented rates, leading to coastal retreat, drowning of land bridges and contraction of island areas. Although a growing number of studies take historical coastline dynamics into consideration, they are mostly based on past global sea-level stands and present-day water depths and neglect the influence of global geophysical changes on historical coastline positions. Here, we present a novel geophysically corrected global historical coastline position raster for the period from 26 ka to the present. This coastline raster allows, for the first time, calculation of global and regional coastline retreat rates and land loss rates. Additionally, we produced, per time step, 53 shelf sea rasters to present shelf sea positions and to calculate the shelf sea expansion rates. These metrics are essential to assess the role of isolation and connectivity in shaping marine and insular biodiversity patterns and evolutionary signatures within species and species assemblages. MAIN TYPES OF VARIABLES CONTAINED The coastline age raster contains cells with ages in thousands of years before present (bp), representing the time since the coastline was positioned in the raster cells, for the period between 26 ka and the present. A total of 53 shelf sea rasters (sea levels <140 m) are presented, showing the extent of land (1), shelf sea (0) and deep sea (NULL) per time step of 0.5 kyr from 26 ka to the present. SPATIAL LOCATION AND GRAIN The coastline age raster and shelf sea rasters have a global representation. The spatial resolution is scaled to 120 arcsec (0.333° × 0.333°), implying cells of c. 3,704 m around the equator, 3,207 m around the tropics (±30°) and 1,853 m in the temperate zone (±60°). TIME PERIOD AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION The coastline age raster shows the age of coastline positions since the onset of the LGM 26 ka, with time steps of 0.5 kyr. The 53 shelf sea rasters show, for each time step of 0.5 kyr, the position of the shelf seas (seas shallower than 140 m) and the extent of land. LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT Both the coastline age raster and the 53 shelf sea rasters are provided as TIFF files with spatial reference system WGS84 (SRID 4326). The values of the coastline age raster per grid cell correspond to the most recent coastline position (in steps of 0.5 kyr). Values range from 0 (0 ka, i.e., present day) to 260 (26 ka) in bins of 5 (0.5 kyr). A value of "no data" is ascribed to pixels that have remained below sea level since 26 ka. SOFTWARE FORMAT All data processing was done using the R programming language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes De Groeve
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biodiversity and Molecular BiologyEdmund Mach Foundation Research and Innovation CentreSan Michele All'AdigeItaly
| | | | - Erik Koene
- Group Atmospheric Modelling and Remote SensingSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Saint GallenSankt GallenSwitzerland
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bert W. Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics GroupNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Moriaki Yasuhara
- Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, Swire Institute of Marine Science, Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, and State Key Laboratory of Marine PollutionSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Sietze J. Norder
- Environmental Science GroupCopernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sri Yudawati Cahyarini
- Research Centre for Climate and AtmosphereNational Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia (BRIN)BandungIndonesia
| | - Alexandra van der Geer
- Vertebrate Evolution, Development and EcologyNaturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke J. M. Meijer
- Department of Natural HistoryUniversity Museum of BergenBergenNorway
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Biology Program Nishihara, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Kenneth F. Rijsdijk
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Koma Z, Seijmonsbergen AC, Grootes MW, Nattino F, Groot J, Sierdsema H, Foppen RPB, Kissling D. Better together? Assessing different remote sensing products for predicting habitat suitability of wetland birds. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Koma
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Biology Center for Sustainable Landscapes Under Global Change Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jim Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Henk Sierdsema
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ruud P. B. Foppen
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- LifeWatch Virtual Laboratory Innovation Center (VLIC)LifeWatch ERIC Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Kooijman AM, Weiler HA, Cusell C, Anders N, Meng X, Seijmonsbergen AC, Cammeraat LH. Litter quality and microtopography as key drivers to topsoil properties and understorey plant diversity in ancient broadleaved forests on decalcified marl. Sci Total Environ 2019; 684:113-125. [PMID: 31153061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, litter quality is a major driver for soil and understorey characteristics, but elevation, microtopography and subsoil properties may also be important. We tested the importance of each factor in two ancient mixed forests on decalcified marl, dominated by trees with different litter quality such as European hornbeam, with high-palatable litter, and beech, with low-palatable litter. We mapped elevation, differences in local height (microtopography), tree distribution and understorey cover on slopes ranging from crest to bottom, and sampled 200 7 × 7 m grid cells for characteristics of litter input, understorey, topsoil and subsoil. In both forests, elevation decreased gradually, but microtopography showed irregular patterns of depressions and mounds of a few cm below or above average local height. Tree distribution was not affected by elevation or subsoil properties, but clearly by microtopography. Adult beech was abundant on local mounds, while hornbeam was more common in local depressions. Topsoil and understorey characteristics were mainly affected by litter quality (tree species dominance) and microtopography. Litter quality had separate effects from microtopography, but could reinforce this. High litter quality (hornbeam) and low local height both led to high earthworm activity, low litter mass, high erosion, impermeable clay layers close to the surface, high pH, high soil moisture and high diversity of the understorey. Low litter quality (beech) and high local height both led to low earthworm activity, high litter mass, low erosion, low pH, low soil moisture and low plant diversity. Beech and hornbeam may act as ecosystem engineers, which change habitat conditions and local hydrology, and make habitats more suitable to themselves, and/or unsuitable to the other. However, they also increased spatial complexity of the forest and length of the habitat gradient. This may increase forest biodiversity as a whole, but also resilience to prolonged wet or dry periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kooijman
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H A Weiler
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Cusell
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Witteveen & Bos, P.O. Box 233, NL-7400 AE Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - N Anders
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Geodan, President Kennedylaan 1, 1079 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - X Meng
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A C Seijmonsbergen
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L H Cammeraat
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bakx TRM, Koma Z, Seijmonsbergen AC, Kissling WD. Use and categorization of Light Detection and Ranging vegetation metrics in avian diversity and species distribution research. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R. M. Bakx
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zsófia Koma
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - W. Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Tovar C, Duivenvoorden JF, Sánchez-Vega I, Seijmonsbergen AC. Recent Changes in Patch Characteristics and Plant Communities in the Jalca Grasslands of the Peruvian Andes. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tovar
- Conservation Data Centre; La Molina National Agrarian University; Apartado 12-056; Lima 12; Peru
| | - Joost F. Duivenvoorden
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Sciencepark 904; 1098; HX Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Isidoro Sánchez-Vega
- Herbarium of the National University of Cajamarca; Apartado postal No 55; Cajamarca; Peru
| | - Arie C. Seijmonsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Sciencepark 904; 1098; HX Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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