1
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Tuble KAQ, Omisol CJM, Abilay GY, Tomon TRB, Aguinid BJM, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Synergistic effect of phytic acid and eggshell bio-fillers on the dual-phase fire-retardancy of intumescent coatings applied on cellulosic substrates. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142226. [PMID: 38704039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic substrates, including wood and thatch, have become icons for sustainable architecture and construction, however, they suffer from high flammability because of their inherent cellulosic composition. Current control measures for such hazards include applying intumescent fire-retardant (IFR) coatings that swell and form a char layer upon ignition, protecting the underlying substrate from burning. Typically, conventional IFR coatings are opaque and are made of halogenated compounds that release toxic fumes when ignited, compromising the roofing's aesthetic value and sustainability. In this work, phytic acid, a naturally occurring phosphorus source extracted from rice bran, was used to synthesize phytic acid-based fire-retardants (PFR) via esterification under reflux, along with powdered chicken eggshells (CES) as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bio-filler. These components were incorporated into melamine formaldehyde resin to produce the transparent IFR coating. It was revealed that the developed IFR coatings achieved the highest fire protection rating based on UL94 flammability standards compared to the control. The coatings also yielded increased LOI values, indicative of self-extinguishing properties. A 17 °C elevation of the IFR coating's melting temperature and a significant ∼172% increase in enthalpy change from the control were observed, indicating enhanced fire-retardancy. The thermal stability of the coatings was improved, denoted by reduced mass losses, and increased residual masses after thermal degradation. As validated by microscopy and spectroscopy, the abundance of phosphorus and carbon groups in the coatings' condensed phase after combustion indicates enhanced char formation. In the gas phase, TG-FTIR showed the evolution of non-flammable CO2, and fire-retardant PO and P-O-C. Mechanical property testing confirmed no reduction in the adhesion strength of the IFR coating. With these results, the developed IFR coating exhibited enhanced fire-retardancy whilst remaining optically transparent, suggestive of a dual-phase IFR protective mechanism involving the release of gaseous combustion diluents and the formation of a thermally insulating char layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Andrew Q Tuble
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M Omisol
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Gerson Y Abilay
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Tomas Ralph B Tomon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Blessy Joy M Aguinid
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | | | - Roberto M Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines.
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2
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Erjeno DD, Asequia DMA, Osorio CKF, Omisol CJM, Etom AE, Hisona RMR, Tilendo AC, Triana APG, Dumancas GG, Zoleta JB, Alguno AC, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Facile Synthesis of Band Gap-Tunable Kappa-Carrageenan-Mediated C,S-Doped TiO 2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Dye Degradation. ACS Omega 2024; 9:21245-21259. [PMID: 38764615 PMCID: PMC11097159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanoparticles (SNPs) have garnered significant attention for their role in photocatalysis technology, offering a cost-effective and highly efficient method for breaking down organic dyes. Of particular significance within SNP-based photocatalysis are tunable band gap TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), which demonstrate remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic efficiency. In the present work, we introduce an approach for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using kappa-carrageenan (κ-carrageenan), not just as a reducing and stabilizing agent but as a dopant for the resulting TiO2 NPs. During the synthesis of TiO2 NPs in the presence of sulfate-rich carrageenan, the process predominantly leaves residual sulfur and carbon. The presence of residual carbon, in conjunction with sulfur doping, as indicated by fast FTIR spectra, XPS, and EDX, leads to a significant reduction in the band gap of the resulting composite to 2.71 eV. The reduction of composite band gap yields remarkable degradation of methylene blue (99.97%) and methyl orange (97.84%). This work presents an eco-friendly and highly effective solution for the swift removal of environmentally harmful organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy
Jane D. Erjeno
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Dan Michael A. Asequia
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Carlo Kurt F. Osorio
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M. Omisol
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Andrei E. Etom
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Renzo Miguel R. Hisona
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Amierson C. Tilendo
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Mindanao State University
− Marawi, Marawi City 9700, Philippines
| | - Ann Pearl G. Triana
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - Joshua B. Zoleta
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Physics, Mindanao State University −
Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Philippines
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3
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Unabia RB, Reazo RLD, Rivera RBP, Lapening MA, Omping JL, Lumod RM, Ruda AG, Sayson NLB, Dumancas G, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA, Petalcorin GC, Capangpangan RY, Latayada FS, Alguno AC. Dopamine-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Detection of Histamine. ACS Omega 2024; 9:17238-17246. [PMID: 38645311 PMCID: PMC11025080 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Histamine, a primary biogenic amine (BA) generated through the decarboxylation of amino acids, concentration increases in protein-rich foods during deterioration. Thus, its detection plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety and quality. This study introduces an innovative approach involving the direct integration of dopamine onto gold nanoparticles (DCt-AuNP), aiming at rapid histamine colorimetric detection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the aggregation of uniformly distributed spherical DCt-AuNPs with 12.02 ± 2.53 nm sizes upon the addition of histamine to DCt-AuNP solution. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrated the disappearance of the dicarboxy acetone peak at 1710 cm-1 along with the formation of well-defined peaks at 1585 cm-1, and 1396 cm-1 associated with the N-H bending modes and the aromatic C=C bond stretching vibration in histamine molecule, respectively, confirming the ligand exchange and interactions of histamine on the surface of DCt-AuNPs. The UV-vis spectra of the DCt-AuNP solution exhibited a red shift and a reduction in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak intensity at 518 nm along with the emergence of the 650 nm peak, signifying aggregation DCt-AuNPs with increasing histamine concentration. Notably, color transitions from wine-red to deep blue were observed in the DCt-AuNP solution in response to histamine, providing a reliable colorimetric signal. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) characterization showed a significant increase in the hydrodynamic diameter, from ∼15 to ∼1690 nm, confirming the interparticle cross-linking of DCt-AuNPs in the presence of histamine. This newly developed DCt-AuNP sensor provides colorimetric results in less than a minute that exhibits a remarkable naked-eye histamine detection threshold of 1.57 μM and a calculated detection limit of 0.426 μM, making it a promising tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romnick B. Unabia
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Renzo Luis D. Reazo
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Rolen Brian P. Rivera
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Melbagrace A. Lapening
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Jahor L. Omping
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Ryan M. Lumod
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Archie G. Ruda
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Noel Lito B. Sayson
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard Dumancas
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science
Center, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan
Institute of Technology, Iligan
City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan
Institute of Technology, Iligan
City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gaudencio C. Petalcorin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- Mindanao State
University at Naawan Campus, Naawan
Misamis Oriental 9023, Philippines
| | - Felmer S. Latayada
- Caraga State University-Main Campus, Ampayon, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Research Center
on Energy Efficient Materials (RCEEM), Premier Research Institute
in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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4
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Dingcong R, Ahalajal MAN, Mendija LCC, Ruda-Bayor RJG, Maravillas FP, Cavero AI, Cea EJC, Pantaleon KJM, Tejas KJGD, Limbaga EA, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Valorization of Agricultural Rice Straw as a Sustainable Feedstock for Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam Production. ACS Omega 2024; 9:13100-13111. [PMID: 38524426 PMCID: PMC10956088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural rice straw (RS), often discarded as waste in farmlands, represents a vast and underutilized resource. This study explores the valorization of RS as a potential feedstock for rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam (RPUF) production. The process begins with the liquefaction of RS to create an RS-based polyol, which is then used in a modified foam formulation to prepare RPUFs. The resulting RPUF samples were comprehensively characterized according to their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that up to 50% by weight of petroleum-based polyol can be substituted with RS-based polyol to produce a highly functional RPUF. The obtained foams exhibited a notably low apparent density of 18-24 kg/m3, exceptional thermal conductivity ranging from 0.031-0.041 W/m-K, and a high compressive strength exceeding 250 kPa. This study underlines the potential of the undervalued agricultural RS as a green alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks to produce a high-value RPUF. Additionally, the findings contribute to the sustainable utilization of abundant agricultural waste while offering an eco-friendly option for various applications, including construction materials and insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger
G. Dingcong
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann N. Ahalajal
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Leanne Christie C. Mendija
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Rosal Jane G. Ruda-Bayor
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Felrose P. Maravillas
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- College
of Engineering, Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Applegen I. Cavero
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- AC
Joyo Design and Technical Services, Davao City 8000, Philippines
| | - Evalyn Joy C. Cea
- Department
of Civil Engineering and Technology, Mindanao
State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kaye Junelle M. Pantaleon
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Kassandra Jayza Gift D. Tejas
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Edison A. Limbaga
- Department
of Materials Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University− Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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5
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Hipulan LA, Dingcong RG, Estrada DJE, Dumancas GG, Bondaug JC, Alguno AC, Bacosa HP, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process. ACS Omega 2024; 9:13112-13124. [PMID: 38524448 PMCID: PMC10956093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of coconut diethanolamide (p-CDEA) as a substitute polyol for petroleum-based polyol in fully biobased rigid polyurethane-urea foam (RPUAF) faces challenges due to its short chain and limited cross-linking capability. This leads to compromised cell wall resistance during foam expansion, resulting in significant ruptured cells and adverse effects on mechanical and thermal properties. To address this, a novel sequential amidation-prepolymerization route was employed on coconut oil, yielding a hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane-urea) prepolymer polyol (COPUAP). Compared to p-CDEA, COPUAP exhibited a decreased hydroxyl value (496.3-473.2 mg KOH/g), an increase in amine value (13.464-24.561 mg KOH/g), and an increase in viscosity (472.4-755.8 mPa·s), indicating enhanced functionality of 34.3 mgKOH/g and chain lengthening. Further, COPUAP was utilized as the sole B-side polyol in the production of RPUAF (PU-COPUAP). The improved functionality of COPUAP and its improved cross-linking capability during foaming have significantly improved cell morphology, resulting in a remarkable 4.7-fold increase in compressive strength (132-628 kPa), a 3.5-fold increase in flexural strength (232-828 kPa), and improved insulation properties with a notable decrease in thermal conductivity (48.02-34.52 mW/m·K) compared to PU-CDEA in the literature. Additionally, PU-COPUAP exhibited a 16.5% increase in the water contact angle (114.93° to 133.87°), attributing to the formation of hydrophobic biuret segments and a tightly packed, highly cross-linked structure inhibiting water penetration. This innovative approach sets a new benchmark for fully biobased rigid foam production, delivering high load-bearing capacity, exceptional insulation, and significantly improved hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louell
Nikki A. Hipulan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Environmental
Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute
of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
- Chemical
Engineering Program, College of Technology, University of San Agustin, General Luna St., Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Roger G. Dingcong
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
| | - Dave Joseph E. Estrada
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States
| | - John Christian
S. Bondaug
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Environmental
Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute
of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Department
of Physics, Mindanao State University −
Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
| | - Hernando P. Bacosa
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Environmental
Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute
of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center
for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State
University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan9200, Philippines
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University − Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, Iligan 9200, Philippines
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6
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Calderon MJP, Dumancas GG, Gutierrez CS, Lubguban AA, Alguno AC, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Producing polyglycerol polyester polyol for thermoplastic polyurethane application: A novel valorization of glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19491. [PMID: 37662775 PMCID: PMC10472058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biodiesel generates glycerol as a by-product that needs valorization. Glycerol, when converted to polyglycerol, is a potential polyol for bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) production. In this study, a novel polyglycerol polyester polyol (PPP) was developed from refined glycerol and coconut oil-based polyester polyol. Glycerol was first converted to glycerol acetate and then polymerized with coconut oil-based polyester polyol (CPP) as secondary polyol and phthalic anhydride. The resulting PPP polymerized at 220 °C and OH:COOH molar ratio of 2.5 exhibited an OH number of <100 mg KOH·g sample-1, an acid number of <10 mg KOH·g sample-1, and a molecular weight (MW) of 3697 g mol-1 meeting the polyol requirement properties for TPU (Handlin et al., 2001; Parcheta et al., 2020) [1-2]. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization determined that higher reaction temperatures increase the polymerization rate and decrease the OH and acid numbers. Further, higher OH:COOH molar ratios decrease the polymerization rate and acid number, and increase the OH number. Gel permeation chromatography determined the molecular weight of PPP and suggested two distinct molecular structures which differ only in the number of moles of CPP in the structure. A differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiment on a sample of PPP-based polyurethane revealed that it was able to melt and remelt after 3 heating cycles which demonstrates its thermoplastic ability. The novel PPP derived from the glycerol by-product of biodiesel industries can potentially replace petroleum-derived polyols for TPU production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jhun P. Calderon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
- Department of Materials and Resources Engineering and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Carlo S. Gutierrez
- Comparative Asian Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 11926
| | - Alona A. Lubguban
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Studies, University of the Philippines Rural High School, Paciano Rizal, Bay, Laguna, 4033, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
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7
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Salcedo MLD, Omisol CJM, Maputi AO, Estrada DJE, Aguinid BJM, Asequia DMA, Erjeno DJD, Apostol G, Siy H, Malaluan RM, Alguno AC, Dumancas GG, Lubguban AA. Production of Bio-Based Polyol from Coconut Fatty Acid Distillate (CFAD) and Crude Glycerol for Rigid Polyurethane Foam Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5453. [PMID: 37570156 PMCID: PMC10420174 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This study propounds a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polyurethane (PU) foams, aiming to curtail this nonrenewable resource's continued and uncontrolled use. Coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD) and crude glycerol (CG), both wastes generated from vegetable oil processes, were utilized for bio-based polyol production for rigid PU foam application. The raw materials were subjected to catalyzed glycerolysis with alkaline-alcohol neutralization and bleaching. The resulting polyol possessed properties suitable for rigid foam application, with an average OH number of 215 mg KOH/g, an acid number of 7.2983 mg KOH/g, and a Gardner color value of 18. The polyol was used to prepare rigid PU foam, and its properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTA), and universal testing machine (UTM). Additionally, the cell foam morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), in which most of its structure revealed an open-celled network and quantified at 92.71% open-cell content using pycnometric testing. The PU foam thermal and mechanical analyses results showed an average compressive strength of 210.43 kPa, a thermal conductivity of 32.10 mW·m-1K-1, and a density of 44.65 kg·m-3. These properties showed its applicability as a type I structural sandwich panel core material, thus demonstrating the potential use of CFAD and CG in commercial polyol and PU foam production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Louella D. Salcedo
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Institute of Engineering and Computer Studies, Camiguin Polytechnic State College, Mambajao 9100, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M. Omisol
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Anthony O. Maputi
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Dave Joseph E. Estrada
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Blessy Joy M. Aguinid
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Dan Michael A. Asequia
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Daisy Jane D. Erjeno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Glenn Apostol
- Chemrez Technologies, Inc., Quezon City 1110, Philippines; (G.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Henry Siy
- Chemrez Technologies, Inc., Quezon City 1110, Philippines; (G.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Physics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Gerard G. Dumancas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA;
| | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines; (M.L.D.S.); (C.J.M.O.); (A.O.M.); (D.J.E.E.); (B.J.M.A.); (D.M.A.A.); (D.J.D.E.); (R.M.M.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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Tomon TRB, Estrada RJR, Fernandez RMD, Capangpangan RY, Lubguban AA, Dumancas GG, Alguno AC, Malaluan RM, Bacosa HP, Lubguban AA. Coconut power: a sustainable approach for the removal of Cr 6+ ions using a new coconut-based polyurethane foam/activated carbon composite in a fixed-bed column. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20941-20950. [PMID: 37448637 PMCID: PMC10336476 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02266h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To attain efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) from aqueous solutions, a novel polyurethane foam-activated carbon (PUAC) adsorbent composite was developed. The composite material was synthesized by the binding of coconut shell-based activated carbon (AC) onto a coconut oil-based polyurethane matrix. To thoroughly characterize the physicochemical properties of the newly developed material, various analytical techniques including FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, BET, and TGA analyses were conducted. The removal efficiency of the PUAC composite in removing Cr6+ ions from aqueous solutions was evaluated through column experiments with the highest adsorption capacity of 28.41 mg g-1 while taking into account variables such as bed height, flow rate, initial Cr6+ ion concentration, and pH. Experimental data were fitted using Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and Adams-Bohart models to predict the column profiles and the results demonstrate high breakthrough and exhaustion time dependence on these variables. Among the obtained R2 values of the models, a better fit was observed using the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models, indicating their ability to effectively predict the adsorption of Cr6+ ions in a fixed bed column. Significantly, the exhausted adsorbent can be conveniently regenerated without any noteworthy loss of adsorption capability. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that this new PUAC composite material holds significant promise as a potent sorbent for wastewater treatment backed by its excellent performance, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and outstanding reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ralph B Tomon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Renz John R Estrada
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Rubie Mae D Fernandez
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Rey Y Capangpangan
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University at Naawan 9023 Naawan Philippines
| | - Alona A Lubguban
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Studies, University of the Philippines, Rural High School Paciano Rizal Bay, 4033 Laguna Philippines
| | - Gerard G Dumancas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Scranton Scranton PA 18510 USA
| | - Arnold C Alguno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Department of Physics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Roberto M Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology 9200 Iligan City Philippines
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Gabriel AD, Amparado RF, Lubguban AA, Bacosa HP. Riverine Microplastic Pollution: Insights from Cagayan de Oro River, Philippines. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6132. [PMID: 37372718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are vital water sources for humans and homes for aquatic organisms. Conversely, they are well known as the route of plastics into the ocean. Despite being the world's number one emitter of riverine plastics into the ocean, microplastics (MPs), or plastic particles less than 5 mm, in the Philippines' rivers are relatively unexplored. Water samples were collected from six sampling stations along the river channel of the Cagayan de Oro River, one of the largest rivers in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The extracted microplastics' abundance, distribution, and characteristics were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed a mean concentration of 300 items/m3 of MPs dominated by blue-colored (59%), fiber (63%), 0.3-0.5 mm (44%), and polyacetylene (48%) particles. The highest concentration of microplastics was recorded near the mouth of the river, and the lowest was in the middle area. The findings indicated a significant difference in MP concentration at the sampling stations. This study is the first assessment of microplastic in a river in Mindanao. The results of this study will aid in formulating mitigation strategies for reducing riverine plastic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza D Gabriel
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Ruben F Amparado
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Premier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Environmental Pollution and Innovation Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
- Environmental Pollution and Innovation Laboratory, Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
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10
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Romarate RA, Ancla SMB, Patilan DMM, Inocente SAT, Pacilan CJM, Sinco AL, Guihawan JQ, Capangpangan RY, Lubguban AA, Bacosa HP. Breathing plastics in Metro Manila, Philippines: presence of suspended atmospheric microplastics in ambient air. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:53662-53673. [PMID: 36859643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (< 5 mm) have lately been identified in the atmosphere of urban, suburban, and even distant places far from plastic particle areas, suggesting the possibility of long-distance atmospheric transport of microplastics. However, the occurrence, fate, transmission, and effects of these suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) are all currently unknown in the Philippines. This study investigated the presence of suspected microplastic in the atmosphere of sixteen cities and one municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. Sampling was conducted using a respirable dust sampler mounted with a Whatman GF/C filter paper at an intake flow rate of 1.4 L/min with Whatman GF/C filter paper. Results reveal that all seventeen sampling areas have the presence of SAMPs. A total of 155 SAMPs were found and confirmed in Metro Manila, with the highest concentration in Muntinlupa City and Mandaluyong City (0.023 SAMP/NCM). Fourteen SAMP types were identified across the sampling areas, ⁓ 74% with polyester. This study is the first record of the presence of microplastics suspended in the ambient air in the Philippines. It is estimated that an adult person in Metro Manila has the potential to inhale (5-8 per minute, normal minute ventilation) about 1 SAMP if exposed for about 99.0 to 132 h. Further studies should be done to evaluate the fate and health effects of these SAMPs in Metro Manila's setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A Romarate
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines.
| | - Sheila Mae B Ancla
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Dawn May M Patilan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Sherley Ann T Inocente
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, 9023, Naawan, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M Pacilan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Astrid L Sinco
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, 9000, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
| | - Jaime Q Guihawan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Rey Y Capangpangan
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, 9023, Naawan, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan, Philippines
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Dingcong RG, Malaluan RM, Alguno AC, Estrada DJE, Lubguban AA, Resurreccion EP, Dumancas GG, Al-Moameri HH, Lubguban AA. A novel reaction mechanism for the synthesis of coconut oil-derived biopolyol for rigid poly(urethane-urea) hybrid foam application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1985-1994. [PMID: 36712635 PMCID: PMC9832577 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coconut oil (CO) has become one of the most important renewable raw materials for polyol synthesis due to its abundance and low price. However, the saturated chemical structure of CO limits its capability for functionalization. In this study, a novel reaction mechanism via the sequential glycerolysis and amidation of CO triglycerides produced an amine-based polyol (p-CDEA). The synthesized biopolyol has a relatively higher hydroxyl value of 361 mg KOH per g relative to previously reported CO-based polyols with values ranging from 270-333 mg KOH per g. This primary hydroxyl-rich p-CDEA was used directly as a sole B-side polyol component in a polyurethane-forming reaction, without further purification. Results showed that a high-performance poly(urethane-urea) (PUA) hybrid foam was successfully produced. It has a compressive strength of 226 kPa and thermal conductivity of 23.2 mW (m-1 K-1), classified as type 1 for a rigid structural sandwich panel core and type 2 for rigid thermal insulation foam applications according to ASTM standards. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to characterize the chemical features of the polyols and foams. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed to evaluate the morphological structures of the synthesized foams. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to investigate the foam's thermal characteristics. Thus far, this work is the first to report a novel and effective reaction mechanism for the synthesis of a highly functional CO-derived polyol and the first CO-based polyol with no petroleum-based replacement that may serve as raw material for rigid PUA foam production. PUA hybrid foams are potential insulation and structural materials. This study further provided a compelling case for enhanced sustainability of p-CDEA PUA hybrid foam against petroleum-based polyurethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G. Dingcong
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines
| | - Roberto M. Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines,Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines
| | - Dave Joseph E. Estrada
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines
| | - Alona A. Lubguban
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Studies, University of the Philippines Rural High SchoolPaciano Rizal, BayLaguna 4033Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Arnold A. Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines,Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of TechnologyIligan City 9200Philippines
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Lubguban AA, Ruda RJG, Aquiatan RH, Paclijan S, Magadan KO, Balangao JKB, Escalera ST, Bayron RR, Debalucos B, Lubguban AA, Hsieh FH, Suppes GJ. Soy-Based Polyols and Polyurethanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.26534/kimika.v28i1.1-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymers derived from plant oils have attracted major commercial interest and significant attention in scientific research because of the availability, biodegradability, and unique properties of triglycerides. Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as soybean oil (SBO), are particularly susceptible to chemical modification for desired polymeric materials. Soy-based polyols are important industrial prepolymeric materials that use renewable resources; and can be produced or derived through different processing routes. This review paper discusses previous and recent researches about chemical and biochemical polymerization processes to produce soy-based polyols as prepolymers for the production of polyurethane materials in the form of foams (rigid or flexible) and elastomers. The central goal of these research fields is to find effective reaction routes to increase both equivalent weight and hydroxyl functionality of soy-based polyols while taking into consideration the simplicity and economics of these processes.
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Lubguban AA, Tu YC, Lozada ZR, Hsieh FH, Suppes GJ. Noncatalytic polymerization of ethylene glycol and epoxy molecules for rigid polyurethane foam applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lubguban AA, Tu YC, Lozada ZR, Hsieh FH, Suppes GJ. Functionalization via glycerol transesterification of polymerized soybean oil. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bok S, Lubguban AA, Gao Y, Bhattacharya S, Korampally V, Hossain M, Gillis KD, Gangopadhyay S. Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanoparticles Entrapped in Silica Matrix. J Electrochem Soc 2008; 155:K91-K95. [PMID: 18953420 PMCID: PMC2572077 DOI: 10.1149/1.2868772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based electrode materials have been widely used for many years for electrochemical charge storage, energy generation, and catalysis. We have developed an electrode material with high specific capacitance by entrapping graphite nanoparticles into a sol-gel network. Films from the resulting colloidal suspensions were highly porous due to the removal of the entrapped organic solvents from sol-gel matrix giving rise to high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas (654 m(2)/g) and a high capacitance density ( approximately 37 F/g). An exponential increase of capacitance was observed with decreasing scan rates in cyclic voltammetry studies on these films suggesting the presence of pores ranging from micro (< 2 nm) to mesopores. BET surface analysis and scanning electron microscope images of these films also confirmed the presence of the micropores as well as mesopores. A steep drop in the double layer capacitance with polar electrolytes was observed when the films were rendered hydrophilic upon exposure to a mild oxygen plasma. We propose a model whereby the microporous hydrophobic sol-gel matrix perturbs the hydration of ions which moves ions closer to the graphite nanoparticles and consequently increase the capacitance of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia 349 Engineering Building West, Columbia Missouri 65211-2300 USA
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